Boulder Historic Places Plan (2023)MAY 2023
BOULDER HISTORIC PLACES PLAN
Boulder Historic Places Plan Table of Contents i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Project Overview ................................................................................................................1-1
Methodology ......................................................................................................................1-2
Project Process and Community Outreach ....................................................................1-3
Historic Resources
Historic Structures
Glen Huntington Bandshell ................................................................................................2-1
Harbeck-Bergheim House .................................................................................................3-1
Boulder Fire Station No. 02 .................................................................................................4-1
Roney Farmhouse ...............................................................................................................5-1
Platt Farmhouse ..................................................................................................................6-1
Historic Districts
Chautauqua Park - Colorado Chautauqua NHL ............................................................7-1
Columbia Cemetery ...........................................................................................................8-1
Pearl Street Mall ..................................................................................................................9-1
Archeological Resource
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site ........................................................................................................10-1
Rolling Stock / Railroad Resources .........................................................................................11-1
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280
Appendices
Roney Farmhouse, Architectural Inventory Form ............................................................A-1
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site, Colorado Cultural Resource
Survey Management Data Form .......................................................................................B-1
ii
Boulder Historic Places Plan 1-1
INTRODUCTION
Project Overview
The City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Department (BPR) owns and manages twelve historically significant
resources. They include five structures, three historic districts, one archaeological resource, and three rolling stock.
These resources include a National Historic Landmark (NHL), three listed in the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP), two listed in the State Register of Historic Places (SRHP), and nine local Boulder landmarks.
• Historic Structures: Glen Huntington Bandshell, Harbeck-Bergheim House, Boulder Fire Station No. 02, Roney
Farmhouse, and Platt Farmhouse;
• Historic Districts: Chautauqua Park (Colorado Chautauqua NHL), Pearl Street Mall, and Columbia Cemetery;
• Archaeological Resource: Boyd Smelter/Mill Site;
• Rolling Stock / Railroad Resources: Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30 and its tender, Denver
& Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990, and Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No.
280.
The Boulder Historic Places Plan (the HiPP) is a preservation planning document that will assist the city and BPR
in proactively managing the department's historic resources. The HiPP provides baseline documentation, historic
context and significance statements, and reconnaissance-level assessments for each resource. The HiPP provides
guidance for recommended treatments for the long-term care and stewardship of each resource, and identifies
top priorities for immediate and short-term repair or stabilization. The HiPP provides the base for BPR's on-going
investment in these resources, and will be used in development of the department's annual HCA Capital Strategy
including estimates and multiple year planning priorities.5
Each resource is documented at a similar level with some variation based on scope and resource type, e.g.,
architectural and structural assessments and treatment actions are provided for the five structures. Landscape
assessments are provided for the historic districts, along with structural assessments for select structures and
features within each district. An architectural inventory form is included for Roney Farmhouse and a cultural
resource inventory is provided for Boyd Smelter / Mill Site. Each resource is presented as an independent section. The
exception is the Railroad Resources section in which the three rolling stock are presented in one combined section.
Rehabilitation, which emphasizes repair and protection and allows new additions, is the selected treatment
approach for all historic structures and for the historic districts of Chautauqua Park and Pearl Street Mall.
Preservation, which allows for code upgrades and emphasizes resource protection, is the selected treatment
approach for the Railroad Resources and Columbia Cemetery.
The HiPP as developed under the guidance of BPR staff with input from stakeholders and the community. The HiPP
was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund (SHF) grant, who also provided review and oversight.
Goals of the Project
Project objectives, developed in collaboration with BPR staff, and in consultation with SHF staff, guide the
development of the HiPP.
• Identify, review, and assess current and previous documentation;
• Assess condition, analyze integrity, and identify character-defining features for each structure and contributing
features for each landscape using readily available data and reconnaissance level review;
• Provide treatment guidance and recommendations resource based on assessments and input from city staff,
stakeholders, and the community;
• Identify top priorities for treatment to assist city staff in identifying funding and management strategies, and in
identifying opportunities for community involvement, programming, and education.
5 The HiPP closely resembles a master plan in scope, as defined by the city's hierarchial system for naming planning documents.
Introduction1-2
Relevant Planning Initiative and Background Documentation
The HiPP builds upon previously developed planning assessments, studies, investigations, and documentation
completed for each resource as well as city-wide initiatives that inform planning for historic resources within the
City of Boulder. A full list of resources noting previous documentation, designations, and studies used to support
the HiPP's findings and recommendations is included within each section.
Several past and current city-wide planning efforts influence the preservation and treatment of one or more
historic resource managed by BPR. These efforts include the city's Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update,
adopted in 2022 that provides a strategic framework and policies to guide future improvements including those
for historic resources. Other relevant initiatives include the city's General Design Guidelines for Boulder’s Historic
Districts and Individual Landmarks, 2007 and A Sense of Place, a Sense of Purpose – A Plan for the City of
Boulder’s Historic Preservation Program, 2013.
Relevant planning documents for individual resources include the city's Master Plan for Boulder’s Civic Area, 2015,
which includes Glen Huntington Bandshell, and is scheduled for an update. The 2006 Downtown Urban Design
Guidelines provide guidance for the historic buildings and structures within Boulder's downtown, including those
adjacent to Pearl Street Mall.
The HiPP builds upon previous documentation and planning already completed for each resource. The HiPP relies
upon previous studies to present history, significance, and relevance to the national and state register and local
designations, and to support findings of integrity. Relevant studies, documentation, and planning guidance varies
by resource and generally includes listings in the state and national registers, designations by Boulder Landmarks
Board, and previous condition assessments and feasibility studies, and master plans. Documentation and
recommendations for Columbia Cemetery reference the 1997 Columbia Cemetery Preservation Master Plan.
Methodology
The HiPP is a preservation planning document that follows a consistent methodology for each resource to
provide a comprehensive overview of BPR's historic resources and approaches needed for their preservation
and stewardship. The HiPP was prepared by an interdisciplinary team of historic preservation specialists,
archaeologists, structural engineers, historic architects and historic landscape architects, all of whom are versed in
the Secretary of Interior Standards. The HiPP is informed by work sessions and collaboration with city staff, review
and oversight by SHF staff in accordance with the SHF funding, and by following accepted preservation standards.
The HiPP was prepared using a consistent approach to research, assessment and treatment recommendations
for all resources. It was based on using previously completed documentation and conducting limited field
reconnaissance. Readily available data was provided by the city and repositories that included state and national
register nominations, and the state's archeological record. Data included historic resource studies, inventory
forms, nominations and listings in the state and national register, and designations as city landmarks. A
determination of eligibility for listing in the State or National Register of Historic Places is not included. Where
a resource is listed or has been deemed eligible or ineligible for listing, this is included and used to evaluate
integrity. Analysis of integrity was evaluated according to The Secretary of the Interior’s seven aspects of integrity.
Accessibility was assessed in accordance with ADA.
Treatment guidance is provided for each historic resource, identifying where repair is needed to reveal historic
features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Treatment recommendations are guided by The Secretary of the
Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes
and The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. All future work shall be in accordance with these
standards and accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service and
Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code. All work shall be in accordance with
the City of Boulder General Guidelines for Historic Districts and Individual Landmarks. Design guidance is provided
for several historic resources including Chautauqua Park, in which improvements are reviewed by the Boulder
Landmarks Board through the Chautauqua Design Guidelines and Chautauqua Park Historic District Lighting
Design Guidelines.
Boulder Historic Places Plan 1-3
Project Process and Community Outreach
The HiPP was developed through a collaborative planning process involving city staff, History Colorado's State
Historical Fund (SHF) staff, multiple stakeholders, and the Boulder community. The planning process included
multiple work sessions with BPR staff and discussions with the Colorado Railroad Museum who manages the
city's Railroad Resources.
The planning process was guided by a community outreach process that included eight (8) stakeholder workshops
and discussions, public open houses, and community events. Updates on the planning progress were provided in
tandem with the 2022 Boulder Parks and Recreation Master Plan Update. Community events included surveys and
a scavenger hunt. This outreach process and community involvement was fundamental in informing the HiPP's
assessments and in guiding treatment recommendations.
The HiPP will be presented to the Boulder Parks and Recreation Advisory Board (PRAB) in 2023 for discussion and
action before being presented to Boulder Landmarks Board and Boulder City Council.
Project Timeline
Introduction1-4
GLEN HUNTINGTON BANDSHELL
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Historic Preservation Grant Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
RATIO Architects, Inc.
• David Kroll, AAIA, Director of Preservation
• Leanna De La Torre, AIA, Architect
• Ashley Russell, Historic Preservation Specialist
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020, 2021, 2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, RATIO, and JVA. Historic
photographs (pre-2020) provided by the City of Boulder or from online archives at the Carnegie Branch
Library for Local History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ........................................................2-4
Property Overview ..............................................................2-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............2-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................2-6
History & Significance .........................................................2-7
Integrity ...............................................................................2-11
Existing Condition ..............................................................2-14
Landscape Condition ...................................................2-14
Architectural Description ..............................................2-19
Architectural Condition ................................................2-20
Structural Condition ......................................................2-22
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ............2-25
Additional Images .............................................................2-26
Sketches .............................................................................2-30
Treatment ...........................................................................2-32
Resources ...........................................................................2-36
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Glen Huntington Bandshell within Central Park in Boulder, Colorado, 1940s
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology 1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
2-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
x Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
x Structure(s)
Object(s)
x Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
Setting
x Design
Materials
x Workmanship
Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Central Park
Building(s)
Structure(s)
G. H. Bandshell
Amphitheater Seating
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Stone Retaining Walls
Mature Groves of Tree
NRHP Evaluation Criterion6
x Criterion A: The property is associated with events
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
x Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be likely
to yield, information important in prehistory or history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility5
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1938 to 1968
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Glen Huntington Bandshell 4
Central Park (northwest corner, north of Boulder Creek)
1212 Canyon Boulevard, Boulder, CO 80203
40.0056 / -105.1643
Block 13 Boulder OT
146330357003
1.1 Acres / 51,000 SF
Bandshell (1938); Landscape (1939); Seating (late 1940s)
Glen H. Huntington, Architect (1938)
Saco Rienk DeBoer, Landscape Architect (1939)
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
95-4
5751
October 17, 1995
5BL5680
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
4 Glen Huntington Bandshell is used in this document as the name of the structure and associated site. It has been known as Boulder Bandshell, Band Shell,
and Bandshell.
5 If none are checked, no determination of eligibility has been made.
6 Front Range Research Associates evaluated Glen Huntington Bandshell for NRHP Criterion in Boulder Bandshell Historical Study (1995).
Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Entertainment / Recreation
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Designation Boundary Description: Central Park (Southeast Corner of Broadway and Canyon Boulevard) North
170 feet of Block 13, Original Townsite to the City of Boulder.
The Modern Architecture Preservation League (MAPL) proposed the landmark boundary for designation of Glen
Huntington Bandshell in May 1995. In July 1995, the City of Boulder Landmarks Board amended the boundary to
the 300'x170' site south of Canyon Boulevard. This boundary included the Bandshell and amphitheater seating
along with a portion of the park associated with Saco Rienk DeBoer's design. In October 1995, the amended
boundary was approved by City Council and the Bandshell was designated as a Boulder Individual Landmark by
Ordinance 5751.7
The designation boundary includes the Bandshell, the open space between the stage and the seating, the
amphitheater seating, two concrete paved sidewalks leading to the Bandshell, and the berm and retaining wall
south of the stage.
7 Karl Anuta, “Glen Huntington Band Shell,” Endangered Places Nomination Form (Boulder, CO: Friends of the Bandshell, 2015), 3.
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary for Glen Huntington Bandshell including adjustment by the Landmark’s Board, 1995.
(source: Landmark Designation Submittal); Edited for clarity by Mundus Bishop, 2021.
MAPL’S APPLICATION
LANDMARK BOARD’S RESVISED BOUNDARY
BOULDER BAND SHELL
PROPOSED LANDMARK DESIGNATION
2-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Glen Huntington Bandshell is a wood frame Art Deco Style bandshell set prominently in the northwest portion
of Central Park in Boulder. The Bandshell and its landscape are associated with the themes of Architecture in
the Parks and Landscape Architecture for the works of prominent Colorado architect, Glen H. Huntington and
landscape architect, Saco Rienk DeBoer. The recommended period of significance for the site begins with the
structure’s construction in 1938 and ends with its decline and temporary closure to the public in 1968. The
structure and its landscape were designated a local landmark by the City of Boulder Landmarks Board and
Boulder City Council in 1995. The designation boundary includes the Bandshell and its amphitheater seating, and
associated circulation, vegetation, and landforms. The Bandshell is locally significant as a rare representative of the
Art Deco style and park architecture from the 20th century; association with works of Huntington and DeBoer;
and its importance as a civic space within Boulder. It is one of only two Art Deco Style bandshells in Colorado. The
other is in Pueblo.8
Background History
Glen Huntington Bandshell was completed by the Boulder Lions Club on June 26, 1938 and dedicated as a
public space to be utilized by all Boulder citizens.9 Landscape architect Saco Rienk DeBoer selected the site
for the Bandshell, and prepared initial plans and the landscape plan as part of his role as the City of Boulder’s
consulting planner during the 1930s. DeBoer’s 1939 landscape plan included reworked topography, walkways,
and vegetation. The Bandshell was a popular entertainment venue in the years following its construction, serving
as a venue for musical concerts, cultural programs, educational presentations, and civic gatherings.10 DeBoer
proposed an updated site plan in 1947 that included fixed rows of seating within the amphitheater. The seating
and circulation plans were implemented by 1950.11
A influx of transients created unsanitary conditions and caused the park structure to fall into decline in 1968,
resulting in the City Manager declaring the park closed. All concerts were canceled. The Bandshell rose to
civic prominence again in the early 1980s with musical events held thereafter.12 This resurgence of community
involvement and events lasted until about 1995 when the structural integrity of the performance stage was
questioned as a public safety concern.
The Bandshell was under threat of being removed from the park and placed elsewhere from 1970 through 1995.
In 1990 a Freedom Festival was held at Central Park to promote local artists and the preservation of the Bandshell.
This event kickstarted the formation of a committee to champion the structure's preservation. The committee’s
work increased awareness within the community. Alliances made with prominent architectural groups led to the
successful local landmark designation and in 1995. At this time, the structure was renamed Glen Huntington
Bandshell. The Bandshell was rehabilitated and stabilized in1997.
Definition of the Context
Glen Huntington Bandshell and its setting are associated with the themes of Architecture and Landscape
Architecture. The Bandshell represents the work by architect Glen H. Huntington and landscape architect Saco
Rienk DeBoer. Huntington’s Bandshell design reflects the Art Deco Style in its streamlined composition, compound
arch, and simplified design. Few Art Deco Style buildings were built in Boulder. The Bandshell is one of the best-
preserved examples of this style, and is significant as representative of this rare type of park architecture. Only one
other bandshell, in Pueblo, has been recorded in the state to date. Saco Reink DeBoer, a proponent of the early
20th century City Beautiful Movement, recommended the site and designed an elegant and functional setting for
the Bandshell, as the whole site was designed to channel flood waters back into Boulder Creek. The Bandshell’s
integrity, design and setting makes it an important representative of park outdoor entertainment facilities of the
early 20th century.13
8 Anuta, “Glen Huntington Band Shell,” 3.
9 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell Historical Study (Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Department of Community Design, Planning, and Development,
1995), 5.
10 Ibid., 10.
11 "Central Park Aerial, 1949," (Denver, CO: Colorado Aerial Photography Service).
12 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 12.
13 Anuta, “Glen Huntington Band Shell,” 3.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-8
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The introduction of the Bandshell to Central Park was part of a national trend of constructing outdoor civic
spaces for music and entertainment during the New Deal era. Bandstands and bandshells were built by the
Works Progress Administration (WPA) across the nation, providing new civic spaces for local communities.
During the New Deal era, the WPA installed 228 bandstands and bandshells across the country. In addition to
these, local governments and civic groups funded their own bandstands and bandshells, and the number of
independently constructed bandstands and bandshells is unknown.14 Glen Huntington Bandshell is an example of
an independently commissioned Bandshell gifted to the City of Boulder by the Boulder Lions Club.
The Lions Club was likely inspired by the national trend of bandshell construction in parks. The character-defining
features of the bandshell are reminiscent of other prominent semi-circular concentric arched bandshells built
during this time.15 When the Bandshell was proposed, it was noted that the plans for the bandshell were similar
to Grant Park Bandshell in Chicago, completed in 1931, which was modeled after the Hollywood Bowl in Los
Angeles (built in 1922). A 1937 newspaper article noted that the bandshell in Sioux City, Iowa (built in 1935) may
have also influenced the design.16
Associated Property Types
Glen Huntington Bandshell’s structural design is consistent with several types of bandshells that grew in popularity
across the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. As a widely used performance space, the “American Bandshell”
construction has ranged in styles from classical such as the Naumburg Bandshell in Central Park, New York, to
modern, such as, the contemporary Pritzker Pavilion by Frank Gehry in downtown Chicago. The overall needs of
the structure were consistent for each new bandshell construction – provide a structure that will enhance and
project sound from the stage to an audience in an open air environment.
At the same time Glen Huntington Bandshell was built, many bandshell structures, such as the 1922 Hollywood
Bowl in California and the 1935 Sioux City Band Shell in Iowa, were designed to include similar iconic tapering
concentric arches, utilized as a method of projection with large concrete wing walls. The American Bandshell
structures provided a truly functional performance space and experience, while being of specific architectural
styles of the period in which they were built. The Glen Huntington Bandshell stands as a rare example of art deco
architecture in Boulder and is one of only two Colorado Bandshells from the early to mid-1900s..
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Glen Huntington Bandshell exemplifies the streamlined, simplified form and character-defining features of the
Art Deco Style—semi-elliptical opening at the theater stage, six concentric interior arches, thick buttresses, and
elevated stage. The landscape and amphitheater seating retain elements of original topography, circulation, and
vegetation including the berm, historic grove, and the orientation of some of the sidewalks. Although a later
addition, the fixed rows of seating also qualify as a character-defining feature.
The Bandshell possesses a high degree of integrity and retains integrity of location, setting, design, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association. The Bandshell remains in its original location within Central Park. The
setting has undergone several changes since DeBoer’s initial design was implemented, with the largest alteration
being the addition of seating in the late 1940s; however, this modification falls within the site’s recommended
period of significance and is a character-defining feature of the site. DeBoer proposed an updated sketch plan
for Central Park in 1947, which also included a sketch of the Bandshell with seating.17 The Bandshell retains
its original Art Deco design with no major modifications, giving it a high degree of integrity of design and
workmanship. Many of the original materials of the Bandshell were replaced during the 1997 rehabilitation, but
all were replaced in-kind, allowing the structure to retain its integrity of materials. As a structure within a park
setting, the Bandshell remains as an open civic space, available for community events, retaining its association as
a public space within Boulder. While still retaining its feeling as a civic space, some of this feeling is diminished by
vandalism.
14 Rachel Carey, Music in Unconventional Spaces: The Changing Music Scene of the Great Depression America, 1929-1938, (Harrisonburg, VA: James
Madison University/ JMU Scholarly Commons, 2018), 26.
15 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 8-9.
16 Ibid., 8.
17 S.R. DeBoer, Sketch of Proposed Civic Center and War Memorial, 1947.
2-9
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
According to Boulder Bandshell Historical Study, Glen Huntington Bandshell is significant under National Register
of Historic Places (NRHP) Criterion A and C for its association as civic space within Boulder and representation of
Art Deco Style architecture within a park setting. The Bandshell is significant for the role it has played in the social
and cultural life of Boulder since 1938. It has been the site of numerous concerts, dances, festivals, and other
varieties of community entertainment and social gatherings in its long history.
The Bandshell expresses the cultural values of the City of Boulder and the Boulder Lions Club, and their mutual
motivation to develop public parks and civic space throughout the City. The Bandshell is significant for its
representation of the Art Deco Style in Boulder; band shell construction and park architecture from the 20th
century, and as a representation of workmanship of Glen Huntington and Saco Rienk DeBoer.18
Statement of Significance
The Bandshell is historically significant for its importance to the “social and cultural life” of Boulder as a
performance venue, for its role in the development of Central Park, and “for its association with the Boulder
Lions Club and its program of improving Boulder Parks.” The structure is environmentally significant for ”its
planned and natural site characteristics.” The Bandshell acts as an established prominent visual landmark within
an urban park. The Bandshell is ”architecturally significant as a rare representative of Art Deco Style in Boulder, as
reflected in its streamlined composition, compound arch, and simplified design; as Boulder's only example of park
bandshell construction and one of a few such examples in Colorado; and as representative work of Saco Rienk
DeBoer and Glen H. Huntington, noted landscape architect and architect, who are associated with site design and
design of the structure.”19
According to Boulder Bandshell Historical Study, the Bandshell is significant under NRHP Criterion A for the role it
has played in the social and cultural life of Boulder since 1938, as the site of numerous concerts, dances, festivals,
and other varieties of community entertainment and social gatherings in its long history.20 The Bandshell expresses
the cultural values of the City of Boulder and the Boulder Lions Club, and commitment to public parks and civic
space throughout the City.
According to Boulder Bandshell Historical Study, the Bandshell is significant under NRHP Criterion C for its
representation of the Art Deco Style in Boulder; as an example of bandshell construction and park architecture
from the 20th century; and as a representative work of master designers. The Bandshell's Art Deco Style is
reflected in its streamlined composition, compound arch, and simplified design. Few Art Deco style buildings
were erected in Boulder and the Bandshell is one of the best preserved structures. It is one of only two bandshells
in Colorado.21 The Bandshell’s integrity of design and setting highlight it as an important representative of park
outdoor entertainment facilities of the early 20th century.
The Bandshell is a representative work of two Colorado designers, architect Glen H. Huntington and landscape
architect, Saco Rienk DeBoer. Huntington was a prominent Boulder architect who designed Boulder County
Courthouse and Boulder High School. The design of the Bandshell is based on similar bandshells of the era, that
were largely based on the design and success of the Hollywood Bowl. The site is representative of the work of
DeBoer, first landscape architect for the City of Denver who served as a consultant for the City of Boulder. DeBoer
designed the landscape to reflect the urban form of the city and natural site characteristics.22 As a component of
a central urban park, the Bandshell and its surrounding landscape became an established, familiar, and prominent
visual landmark, drawing people in with its arched design and its location near major thoroughfares.23
18 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 16.
19 Chris Dropinski and Ken Ramsey to the City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, "City Council Agenda Item, September 4, 1995" (Boulder, CO:
City of Boulder Parks Planning and Construction, 1995), 3.
20 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 16.
21 Anuta, “Glen Huntington Band Shell,” 2-3.
22 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 17-18.
23 Dropinski, "City Council Agenda," 3.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-10
Recommended Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Glen Huntington Bandshell is from 1938 to 1968. The period
begins with construction of the Bandshell and ends with the year Central Park was closed due to unsafe sanitary
conditions.
Summary of Use
Historic and Current Use
Glen Huntington Bandshell was historically used as the site of a variety of musical concerts, cultural programs,
educational presentations, and civic gatherings. "At the dedication of the structure, the Bandshell’s role in
promoting musical events in Boulder was emphasized. The scope of activities held at the Bandshell broadened
over the years to include many forms of outdoor entertainment, although musical programs continued to be the
primary use for the structure.”24 Glen Huntington Bandshell continues to serve as an outdoor stage and venue for
concerts and civic gatherings. Central Park is used for seasonal markets and festivals. Glen Huntington Bandshell
continues to serve as a venue for city-sponsored programs and events.
24 Front Range Associates, Boulder Bandshell, 10.
2-11
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Glen Huntington Bandshell has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the
original construction within its period of significance (1938 to 1968) are present as they were historically. Integrity
is evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling,
and association. The Glen Huntington Bandshell retains integrity in location, design, workmanship, feeling, and
association.
Location
The Bandshell remains in its original Central Park location, as it has since its 1938 construction.
Setting
The Bandshell's setting remains similar to the end of the recommended period of significance. The original oval
shape of the entire setting is not as legible as it was historically. Alterations to the walks, seating, and vegetation
over time has somewhat modified the setting.
Design
The Art Deco style bandshell design and associated site remains. No major modifications have occurred since
1938. Rehabilitations in 1997 stabilized the Bandshell but did not alter its original design or historic character.
Materials
Original materials were either maintained or replaced during the most recent rehabilitation of the Bandshell in
1997. Materials replaced in-kind at that time include asphalt roofing, plywood sheathing, interior wallboard
cladding, and wood flooring. The Bandshell's color scheme and paint finish has changed since its original
construction. All materials (new and original) remain intact.
Workmanship
Workmanship is consistent with the type of bandshell construction built across the United States in the 1920s to
1930s and reflects the work of Glen Huntington and Saco Rienk DeBoer.
Feeling
The structure is open and creates the potential for community interaction and engagement. Glen Huntington
Bandshell retains integrity in feeling.
Association
The Bandshell retains its association and importance with Central Park and the greater Boulder Civic Area, and its
associations with Boulder Lions Club.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-12
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source*
1894 to
1909
Floods occurred during these years in Central Park and Boulder leading to structural, sewage,
and beautification efforts. The recurrence of floods influenced the placement of the Bandshell.
Boulder’s Floods &
Flood Management,
12-23
1903 Boulder City Improvement Association (BCIA) established to develop park lands and encourage
city improvements.
5-Year Update to
Historic Preservation
Plan, 2019
1906 to
1933
The City of Boulder purchased parcels of land to build Central Park. The park was originally
owned by railroad companies and called Railroad Park.
Greenways Master
Plan, 2011
1926 to
1928
Saco Rienk DeBoer drafted the first zoning ordinance for the City of Boulder, recommending
that the lands along Boulder Creek "be acquired for park purposes along the full length of the
creek throughout the city." The city approved the zoning plan in 1928.
Daily Camera Article,
2012
1937 The Boulder Planning and Park Commission received notice that the Major Activity Committee
of the Lions Club sought to fund the construction of a Bandshell for public concerts. Saco Rienk
DeBoer, Landscape Architect, consulted on the location of the Bandshell. He recommended the
area north of the railroad right-of-way with the location of City Hall at the east end.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 5
Landmarks Board
Memo, 12
1938 Glen Huntington developed plans for the Art Deco Style Bandshell. Construction of the
Bandshell completed in June of 1938 with trees planted around the Bandshell site.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 9
1939 DeBoer developed a landscape plan for the site that included trees to screen the structure.
Paths were designed to the structure to prevent people from taking shortcuts through the site.
DeBoer’s final plan included deciduous and evergreen trees adjacent to the structure.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 10
1947 DeBoer proposed an updated plan for the Bandshell area that included amphitheater style
seating.
Saco Rienk DeBoer
sketch, 1947
1949 to
1951
Site redesigned to include amphitheater seating, built of concrete bases, wood tops and rein-
forced with rebar. Concrete sidewalk installed on the south edge of the amphitheater (Figure
1-5).
Aerial Photography,
1949 to 1953
1956 Rectangular concrete piers/electrical bollards added in front of the stage.Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 4
1968 Marks the beginning of decline of the Bandshell and site in relation to decline of Central Park. Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
1970s Bandshell proposed for relocation.Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
1980s General maintenance efforts included replacement of interior cladding, floor repair and
replacement (not in full), and painting. Exact year(s) are unknown.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 4
1981 to
1985
Community events again held in the Bandshell, which helped revive it as a civic center. Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
1982 Trains relocated to Central Park with the assistance of Boulder Model Railroad Club. City of Boulder Train
History, 1
1987 Boulder County Commissioners considered moving Bandshell to Longmont fairgrounds. Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
1988 Boulder Train Depot Task Force, local officials, business people, and historians recommended
removing the Bandshell and relocating the Train Depot to its spot in Central Park.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
1991 "Save the Bandshell" campaign painted the Bandshell rainbow colors to raise community
awareness in an effort to preserve the Bandshell.
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 13
* Refer to resources at the end of this section for sources
2-13
Figure 1-3. Bandshell aerial, 1949 (source: Colorado Aerial Photography Service)
Date Event Source*
1995 The Boulder Bandshell designated a local landmark. The same year it had officially renamed
the Glen Huntington Bandshell.
City of Boulder
Landmark. L-95-4
1997 Rehabilitation of the Bandshell completed. Rehabilitation and stabilization efforts included
replacement of roofing and plywood sheathing, minor repairs to framing and foundations,
paint, waterproofing the stage flooring, and removal of cementitious panels due to asbestos.
Structural Review and
Boulder Bandshell
Historical Study, 4
2003 to
2008
Trains adjacent to the Bandshell relocated off-site. Landmarks Board
Memo, 9
2013 to
2015
City of Boulder prepared the Civic Area Master Plan with recommendations to improve
civic spaces between 6th Street and 14th Street bordered by Arapahoe Street and Canyon
Boulevard to the north and south. During this public process community support called for
improvements to increase activation around the Bandshell and in Central Park.
City of Boulder
correspondence
2014 JVA performed feasibility study of the Bandshell. Research conducted to determine if the
Bandshell should be relocated, determining that relocating the structure would jeopardize its
physical integrity.
The railroad tracks and fence associated with the trains removed from the Park.
JVA Feasibility Study
Memo
Google Earth Aerial
Imagery, 2013 - 2014
2015 Friends of the Bandshell successfully nominated the Bandshell for the Colorado Preservation
Inc. (CPI)'s Endangered Places List due to urgencies associated with proposed moving of the
Bandshell and/or removal of seating through the Civic Area planning process.
City of Boulder
correspondence
2019 Sandstone paving added at the southeast corner of the amphitheater. Google Aerial Photog-
raphy, 2019
2021 Friends of the Bandshell's letter to the Boulder Landmarks Board requests they consider
initiating an amendment to the existing landmark designation boundary to expand the
boundary to include all of Block 13.
City of Boulder
correspondence
2022 Boulder Landmarks Board recommended amending the designation boundary to include all of
Block 13. City Council denied the boundary expansion, alternately of considering the Bandshell
and Central Park as part of a potential larger historic district.
City of Boulder
correspondence
* Refer to resources at the end of this section for sources
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-14
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Summary of Landscape Characteristics
Glen Huntington Bandshell’s original setting, features, and spatial relationships remain largely intact. The
Bandshell is set on the north edge of Central Park and oriented to the south. The setting is characterized by
sloped amphitheater seating—a concrete terrace with fifteen rows of wood and concrete benches—that faces
the Bandshell. A landscaped berm and remnants of a sandstone retaining wall remain south of the Bandshell's
seating define the southern edge of the amphitheater seating. Mature trees frame the site on its north east sides
and screen its edges from the adjacent streets, similar to DeBoer's original plans for site. Two concrete paved
sidewalks extend from the northeast and northwest corners of the park towards the Bandshell. These paths
terminate at a large level area between the Bandshell and the amphitheater seating that is paved with loose
gravel. Numerous small-scale features serve typical park functions including lighting, wayfinding, and trash/
recycling.
Topography
Topography of the site consists of the sloped amphitheater, large level area between the Bandshell and the
amphitheater, the berm and sloped south lawn. These contribute to the Bandshell and associated site's historic
character. The berm mitigates flooding, as it did historically. The original shape of the Bandshell setting is less
defined than it was in 1968.
Spatial Organization
The spatial organization of the Bandshell and associated site remain similar to the end of the period significance.
In the 1940s, the spatial organization of the site was altered by Saco Rienk DeBoer's Central Park's design that
added amphitheater seating to the Bandshell setting. This inclusion created a defined space for entertainment
and performance separate from the south lawn, which remained open for flexible use.
The Bandshell is prominently sited at the north edge of Central Park with the amphitheater seating oriented
towards it. A sloped berm gradually transitions into a south lawn creating a visual connection between the
spaces. Concrete paved sidewalks at the northern corners connect the perimeter walks to the Bandshell's
amphitheater. The overall appearance of the landscape reflects a functional urban park and the original design by
Saco Rienk DeBoer.
Figure 1-4. Central Park, May 1938 (prior to completion of
the Bandshell) (source: CU Aerial Photographs of Colorado)
Figure 1-5. Glen Huntington Bandshell, post-construction,
1940s (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
2-15
Circulation
Circulation at the Bandshell site has been altered to meet the changing needs of the park and the surrounding
urban context. During the period of significance, pathways were aligned to access the Bandshell. The two
concrete paved sidewalks that extend from the north corners of the site to the Bandshell, and are in a
similar alignment to those in place in the 1940s. It is unclear if the original walkways were paved concrete or
composed of other materials. Historic aerial images indicate that there were paths at the southern corners of the
amphitheater. These walkways were removed when pathways were realigned across the park in the 1960s.
Sandstone paving was installed at the southwest corner of the amphitheater in 2019. A remnant stone path on
the berm south of the amphitheater connects the south lawn to the amphitheater seating. It is unknown if the
remnant stone path is original to amphitheater or a later addition.
The amphitheater does not currently have a designated accessible route or accessible seating. Concrete paved
sidewalks appear to be ADA-compliant in slope for accessible pedestrian access. The slope of the amphitheater
is greater than 5% and is not ADA-compliant for accessible access or seating. The large level terrace between
the seating and stage is ADA-compliant in slope. The nearest existing ADA-compliant accessible parking space is
approximately 525-feet from the Bandshell on 13th Street.25
Structure
Character-defining features of the Bandshell include its original location and role as a focal point within Central
Park. Located on the northwest corner of Central Park, the structure is a prominent landmark on Canyon
Boulevard. Its placement and prominence within Central Park draws people in from surrounding thoroughfares
to the amphitheater and front of the stage. Character-defining features of the amphitheater seating include its
sloped concrete terrace with 15 rows, and its three sections. The amphitheater seating is defined on its south
edge by the low berm.
Small-Scale Features
Sandstone wall at the edge of the planting bed is a part of the original construction. Contemporary, non-
contributing small-scale features across the site support daily park functions and include regulatory signage, trash
and recycling bins, and lampposts.
25 ADA refers to the American's with Disabilities Act.
Figure 1-6. Bandshell, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)Figure 1-7. Glen Huntington Bandshell, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-16
Vegetation
Groupings of mature deciduous and evergreen trees frame the north, east and west sides of the Bandshell site. At
the Bandshell, mature trees define the edges of the sloped concrete terrace. A planting bed of low shrubs along
the amphitheater berm defines the southern edge. The south lawn remains mostly open aside from the shade
trees that frame the amphitheater. Mature trees include Austrian Pine, Douglas Fir, Northern Red Oak, White Oak,
English Oak, Shumard Oak, American Elm, Norway Maple, Silve Maple, Honeylocust, Crabapple, Rocky Mountain
Juniper, and American Linden trees. Lawn is the prominent groundcover.
Vegetation remains similar to Saco Rienk DeBoer’s landscape design. A backdrop of evergreen and deciduous
trees surround the Bandshell amphitheater at the north and east edges of Central Park. Groves of trees frame
the amphitheater and screen the park from Canyon Boulevard, Broadway, and 13th Street. Photographs from the
1940s and 1950s indicate that the area in front of the Bandshell's stage was planted with evergreen shrubs. It is
unknown when these were removed, but plantings appear in aerial photographs as late as 1984.
Figure 1-8. Amphitheater Seating, 2020 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
Figure 1-9. Stone Wall, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-10. Landscaped Berm, 2020 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
Figure 1-11. Mature grove of trees along Canyon Boulevard,
2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
2-17
Views and Viewsheds
Prominent views include those towards the Bandshell from the south lawn and frame areas within Central Park.
Views from Glen Huntington Bandshell include those towards the Boulder Flatirons from the stage, amphitheater
seating, terrace, and south lawn. Views from Broadway and 13th Street to Glen Huntington Bandshell are
significant.
Figure 1-12. View to Boulder Flatirons from the amphitheater,
2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-13. View from Broadway to Glen Huntington
Bandshell, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-18
Stage
Canyon Boulevard
13th StreetBroadwayMunicipal
Building
Plaza
Atrium Building
Dushanbe
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Left Hand & Boulder Ditch
Boulder Creek Path Multi-Use Trail
Boulder Museum of
Contemporary Art
View to Bandshellfrom Open Lawn Slopes
Slopes11
Glen Huntington Bandshell | Existing Condition and Analysis 0 20 40 ft10
N
Mundus Bishop | February 2022Figure 1-14. Bandshell Existing Condition, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
LEGEND
Bandshell Landmark
Canyon Blvd Right of Way
High Hazard Flood Zone
Primary Circulation
Contributing
Vegetation
Lamppost
10
11
Glen Huntington Bandshell
Amphitheater Seating
Mature Grove of Trees
Planting Bed
Terrace
Stone Wall
Remnant Stone Path
Flagstone Path*
Concrete Sidewalk
Berm
South Lawn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
* Non-contributing feature
2-19
Architecture Description
The Bandshell's streamlined, simplified form possesses character-defining features of the Art Deco era such as
a semi-elliptical opening at the theater stage and six concentric arches that taper towards the rear and allow
the roof to slope down towards the ground. The theater is flanked by two thick buttresses that terminate at
the bottom of the front facing arch framing the opening. The theater stage is elevated and flanked by steps
containing pipe railings and wing walls.
Primary Materials
The Bandshell is set on a raised concrete foundation. The buttresses and stair construction are concrete. A series
of four concrete, hollow lighting bollards are positioned in front of the stage. The structure is wood framed with
plywood panels and wood siding on the interior. The roofing is rolled asphalt and galvanized metal flashing. The
stage flooring is wood (covered with painted plywood sheathing).
Figure 1-15. Bandshell, post-construction, c. 1938-1946 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-20
Architectural Condition
Roofing
The lower portions of the asphalt roofing extend to the concrete foundations and appear to have been damaged.
The lower portions show signs of blistering and separation from the surface below and are in fair to poor
condition. The upper portions of the rolled asphalt roofing appear to be in better condition with minor signs of
blistering. On the east end of the roof, one area of the asphalt roofing has been patched with a different material.
Walls and Finishes
Finish Panels: In general the exterior plywood finish panels are in fair condition. The panels have minor weathering
and mostly aesthetic damage due to graffiti. At the topmost proscenium arch, the rear-facing plywood appears
to have more significant weathering. The exterior rear wall of the Bandshell has plywood panels covered with ivy.
Damage to the wood is likely beneath the vines.
Plaster: The plaster is in fair condition. The vertical surfaces contain a variety of cracks across the surface. The
angled surfaces along the tops of the plaster coated walls show significant weather damage.
Flooring
The stage flooring appears to be finished with a layer of plywood panels finished in an epoxy paint and is in fair
condition.
Stairs
Concrete stairs at both locations appear to be in good condition. The yellow safety nosing paint is in poor
condition. The painted steel handrails are in good condition with portions of the painted finish worn off, however,
they do not appear to be compliant with current accessibility requirements. There is currently no accessible means
to the stage. Both an accessible path and associated features will need to be further studied and considered for
future use.
Electrical
The power and lighting bollards do not show any major cracking or damage. The metal cover plates are either
missing or in poor condition with rusted and broken hinges. The receptacles do not appear to be functional
and include two 2-pronged outlets with no ground wire. The lighting has been removed and the power boxes
exposed.
Other
The top of the proscenium arch and the top of the rear wall have galvanized caps covering the top surfaces.
Figure 1-16. Vertical foundation crack on the east facade,
2020 (source: Ratio and JVA)
Figure 1-17. Rolled asphalt roofing. Note the blistering at the
lower portion of the roof, 2020 (source: Ratio)
2-21
Figure 1-19. Stage floor, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-21. Wood siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-22. Exterior plywood finish panels, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-23. (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-20. Concrete stairs. Note the yellow safety nosing
paint condition is poor, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-18. Interior view of lighting and power bollards.
Note the cracking concrete forms, rusted and broken cover
plates, as well as missing components, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-22
Structural Condition
Foundation
The structure is founded on a perimeter concrete stem wall that encloses a crawlspace and extends above
grade by several feet. The exterior face of the concrete stem wall is coated with gray paint. Given the age of the
structure it is likely the stem wall bears on a continuous concrete footing (although this is unknown since there
are no available original structural drawing and no excavation was included as part of this scope). On the interior
of the structure's crawlspace, four tapered concrete pedestals support the floor framing of the stage. At the
southern or front end of the structure, two concrete buttresses support the southernmost roof arch.
Overall, the building foundations appear to be in good condition based on the overall system performance.
There is one vertical crack in the east foundation wall which is likely a naturally-formed expansion joint. The
west foundation wall is covered in ivy, which can be detrimental to the structure over time. Relatively regularly
spaced vertical cracks occur in the in foundation wall along the front of the stage that are likely naturally-formed
expansion joints. The concrete buttresses on both sides of the largest arch have horizontal cracks at the same
height. These are likely cold joints from the original concrete pour during construction. Both the vertical expansion
joint cracks and horizontal cracks at the cold joints are not of structural concern. Visible from the crawlspace
under the stage, there is a large vertical crack in the 6" thick concrete foundation wall located under the wall at
the back of the stage. The crack is located at the center of the stage and is 3/4" wide at the base and 2" wide at
the top. Based on photographs taken in 2014 compared to those taken in 2021, the movement does not appear
to be active as the crack widths appear to not have changed. This crack is caused by settlement of the east side of
the foundation wall. There is no other stark evidence of this movement in the structure above indicating that the
redundant wood roof/wall framing is distributing the changes in the load well. Overall, this crack is not of major
structural concern. However, it is in the best interest of the resource to monitor the crack and stitch it together to
provide continuity at the foundation wall.
Roof Framing
The roof structure contains five equally spaced three-point, glulam wood arches that decrease in size from
the front (south) to the back (north) of the Bandshell. The roof framing was not exposed during these site
observations; however previous reports describe a hinged connection at the top of each arch and a tie rod within
the depth of the stage framing that ties the bottoms of each arch together. Based on photographs from the 1996
renovation of the roof framing, 2x vertical lumber struts support the roof sheathing and 2x horizontal lumber
extends between the glulam trusses to brace the structure. The wood arches bear on steel saddles anchored to
the concrete foundation wall.
Figure 1-24. Vertical foundation crack on the east side, 2020
(source: Ratio and JVA)
Figure 1-25. Renovation of the Bandshell framing, 1996
(source: City of Boulder)
2-23
The framing of the roof structure was not visible during the site observations; however, the roof framing
appears in fair structural condition. Although the overall system is performing well structurally with no signs of
deflection or failure, the sheathing surrounding the largest southernmost arch showed signs of moisture related
deterioration (i.e. peeling and flaking paint, minor warping at the edges of the panels, etc.). This indicates it is
likely that moisture has infiltrated the wood roof framing and that the wood framed structure below may have
suffered some degree of moisture related deterioration. An investigation performed by JVA in 2014 noted that
where the arches are in contact with the steel saddle base plates, they were showing signs of minimal moisture-
borne deterioration. It does not appear any action was taken to remedy this, so the condition has likely worsened.
Wall Framing
Visible from the storage area at the north end of the Bandshell, the north wall of the structure is constructed of
2x4 wood studs with a supplemental inset wall constructed of 2x6 wood studs. Outside of the rear/north wall of
the Bandshell, the arched roof system acts as both roof and walls (refer to the Roof Framing section above). The
stud walls are in good condition. However, there is ivy growing on the wall at the rear of the Bandshell that can
harbor moisture against the wood framing elements and encourage decay fungi to flourish.
Floor Framing
The stage floor is sheathed in plywood and covered with a non-slip coating. The floor was reconstructed in 1996
and consists of three bays of (2) 2x12 joists spaced at 16 inches on center that span in the east-west direction.
Two north-south dropped steel W8 beam lines supported on the original isolated concrete pedestals divide the
framing bays. Along the flared east and west sides of the building, the joists bear on a wood plate atop the
foundation wall.
No major issues such as excessive deflection or signs of deterioration were observed on the floor surface or on the
framing from a cursory observation from the crawlspace. However, since the Bandshell is an open structure, it is
prone to moisture damage. Because of this exposure and areas of failure of the flooring finishes, it is likely that
areas of the structural subfloor are deteriorating.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of the Bandshell consists of the roof sheathing and the wood framed roof/
walls. The LFRS is in good condition. It has performed well over the lifetime of the structure as evidenced by the
lack of displacement or damage from lateral events, and previous analyses of the structure indicate that it has
adequate lateral capacity for the lateral loads associated with the site.
Amphitheater Seating
Amphitheater seating faces the Bandshell stage. The amphitheater consists of a concrete slab that slopes toward
the stage and rectangular reinforced concrete pedestals that support wood benches. Steel angle clips connect
the wood benches to the concrete. Many concrete pedestals have started to spall. In some spall locations, the
exposed rebar appears to only have had 1/4-inch cover. Some pedestals have areas of spider-web cracking and
areas where the cement binder has weathered, exposing the larger aggregate. The painted wood bench boards
show signs of wear including splitting, warping, and crushing at the connection locations.
Figure 1-26. Spalling at pedestal of Amphitheater Seating,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-24
Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation Concrete slab on grade Good
Roofing Rolled asphalt Poor
Walls and Finishes Plaster, paint, wood panels, and siding Fair
Flooring Sheathed plywood with epoxy finish Good
Stairs Painted concrete with painted steel handrails Good
Additional Building Systems
Mechanical (HVAC)n/a
Fire Protection & Suppression n/a
Irrigation (Backflow preventer, spray heads, etc.)Existing (Not Assessed)
Electrical Lighting (see summary)Poor
Plumbing n/a
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation Concrete stem walls Good
Roof Framing Glulam arches with dimensional lumber rafters Fair
Wall Framing Dimensional lumber Good
Floor Framing Dimensional lumber Good
Lateral Force Resisting System Roof sheathing and wood framed roof/walls Good
Amphitheater Seating Concrete pedestals with wood benches Fair
2-25
Table 1-3: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/
Non-Contributing
Topography
Amphitheater Good Contributing
Berm Good Contributing
Terrace Good Contributing
Vegetation
Mature Tree Grove Good Contributing
Understory shrubs (berm)Good Non-Contributing
Circulation
Concrete paved sidewalk (northeast)Good Contributing
Concrete paved sidewalk (northwest)Good Contributing
Sandstone pavers (southeast)Good Non-Contributing
Remnant stone path Poor Undetermined
Buildings and Structures
Glen Huntington Bandshell Good Contributing
Amphitheater Seating Fair Contributing
Small-Scale Features
Stone Wall Poor Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
View to Boulder Flatirons from the Stage Good Contributing
Views from Broadway to the Bandshell Good Contributing
View to the Bandshell from the south lawn and Central Park Good Contributing
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-26
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-27. Glen Huntington Bandshell Landmark Designation plaque, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-28. Front elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
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Figure 1-29. Figure 12: Rear elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-30. Side elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-28
Figure 1-31. Existing benches, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)Figure 1-32. Concrete sidewalk at corner of 13th Street
and Canyon Boulevard (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-33. Remnant sandstone paving
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-34. View of the Bandshell from southeast
corner (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-35. View to Boulder Flatirons from the stage
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-36. Mature grove of trees adjacent to the
Bandshell (source: Mundus Bishop)
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Figure 1-37. Dedication ceremony, 1938
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-38. Installation of seating, Travis Photo Collection:
c. 1950 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-39. Ogallala Sioux Dancers performing, 1956
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-40. Line to visit Santa, 1963
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-41. Proposed sketch, DeBoer, 1947 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-30
6725$*(
67$*(
)/2253/$1(;,67,1*&21',7,21
1
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1-19
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SKETCHES
Figure 1-42. Glen Huntington Bandshell Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
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SOUTH (FRONT) ELEVATION
NTS
BUILDING SECTION (NORTH TO SOUTH)
NTS
Figure 1-43. Glen Huntington Bandshell Section (North to South), 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-44. Glen Huntington Bandshell Front Elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-32
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for Glen Huntington Bandshell and associated site. This
approach emphasizes the preservation and repair of Glen Huntington Bandshell and site and allows for the
addition of compatible improvements.
This section outlines treatment guidance to inform current and future planning and design for the Glen
Huntington Bandshell based upon a rehabilitation approach. This treatment guidance provides actions
and recommendations to guide the holistic preservation and rehabilitation of Glen Huntington Bandshell,
amphitheater, and cultural landscape to ensure its future as an integrated site.
This treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity,
and in support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides actions to protect significant cultural
resources, and repair features, and contributing features and setting. Treatment recommendations identify
where repair is needed to reveal historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Work planned for Glen
Huntington Bandshell shall be guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic
Properties, and accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service and
Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Glen Huntington Bandshell and site serves as an outdoor venue and gathering space for performances and
community use in Boulder’s civic center. The architecturally and historically significant bandshell structure is
characterized by its sloped amphitheater with a level gravel area in front of the stage and large open lawn to the
south. A landscaped berm and remnant stone retaining wall define the south edge of the amphitheater. A mature
grove of shade trees frames the site on its north and east edges. Original circulation includes two sidewalks
extending from the northwest and northeast corners, providing access to the Bandshell’s amphitheater seating.
Central Park's concrete sidewalks act as thoroughfares, providing connections to the civic district and downtown.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve Glen Huntington Bandshell and site’s historic form and configuration.
• Preserve, protect, and repair Glen Huntington Bandshell and site’s contributing features and those
characteristics that contribute to its historic character including the Bandshell and amphitheater, seating,
spatial organization, topography, pedestrian circulation, small scale features, and views and viewsheds.
• Maintain and enhance the variety of recreational and gathering uses and experiences offered at the Glen
Huntington Bandshell and associated site.
2-33
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Glen Huntington Bandshell.
This guidance should be followed when undertaking design and planning for Glen Huntington Bandshell or when
proposing modifications to contributing features and to qualities that contribute to Glen Huntington Bandshell’s
historic character, including proposals for new development within the landmark boundary. Treatment guidance
is presented according to seven landscape characteristics - topography, spatial organization, views, circulation,
structures, small scale features and vegetation. Treatment guidance also covers proposals for new development
within the landmark boundary.
Topography, Spatial Organization and Views
Topography features include the sloped amphitheater, berm, large level area between the Bandshell and
amphitheater, and the sloped south lawn. Bandshell is sited at the north edge of the site with amphitheater
seating oriented towards it. The amphitheater's berm gradually transitions into the south lawn creating a visual
connection between the spaces. The south lawn gradually extends towards the Boulder Creek Path and the ditch.
Prominent views on site include the view towards Bandshell from the south lawn and other areas within Central
Park; views towards the Boulder Flatirons from the stage, paved gravel area, and south lawn; views from adjacent
streets including Broadway Street and 13th Street.
• Preserve contributing topography including the landscape berm and sloped amphitheater.
○Repair the existing stone retaining wall and berm to define the southern edge of the amphitheater.
○Consider extending the retaining wall with compatible materials to further delineate the southern
edge.
• Consider removing the non-contributing gravel paving between the Bandshell and amphitheater in favor
of lawn or concrete paving.
• Preserve views to the Boulder Flatirons from the site and the Bandshell and preserve views to the
Bandshell and amphitheater from within Central Park and from Broadway Street and 13th Street.
• Ensure new additions or modifications to existing features and vegetation respect, and do not interfere or
diminish Glen Huntington Bandshell and site’s composition or views. Design new vegetation, structures,
and other features in respect to established patterns and relationships to ensure Glen Huntington
Bandshell’s composition is preserved.
Circulation
Circulation includes diagonal sidewalks that the extend from the northern corners of the site to the Bandshell’s
amphitheater, sidewalks along the perimeter of Central Park, a flagstone path, a remnant stone path, and a
curvilinear sidewalk. The diagonal sidewalks at the northeast and northwest corners are contributing features.
• Protect Glen Huntington Bandshell and site’s original circulation patterns. Repair and replace sidewalks to
be ADA accessible in width, slope, and surfacing and historically appropriate.
• Allow removal of non-contributing and non-compliant circulation features such as the flagstone path
southwest of the amphitheater.
• Provide ADA access to the Bandshell stage in a way that respects the historic character and preserves
contributing vegetation.
• Conduct further research on the Bandshell to determine if the sandstone path along the berm is
contributing.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-34
Structures
Contributing structures include the Glen Huntington Bandshell and amphitheater seating.
• Protect and preserve contributing structures - Bandshell and amphitheater seating - in their original
locations.
• Preserve and repair extant structural features in-place including the foundations & framing.
○Foundations and Wall Framing - Remove vegetation on and directly adjacent to the building; Stitch
crack in interior foundation with helibars. Fill crack with grout. Rout & seal minor cracks with a
compatible epoxy.
○Roof Framing - Remove and replace deteriorated framing or sheathing in-kind; Create weep holes in
the steel saddle base plates at the bases of the roof arches to allow any water to drain. If small areas
of deterioration are found in the wood arches, remove the deteriorated material and fill with epoxy.
If the deterioration is widespread, remove the deteriorated material and replace in-kind.
○Floor Framing - Since the flooring will be removed (per architectural recommendations) and it is
glued to the subfloor, remove the subfloor and replace with marine-grade plywood sheathing.
○Seating - At concrete pedestals, remove spalled concrete, remove any rust from reinforcing with wire
brush and coat with a low VOC galvanizing paint, and patch with repair mortar; replace deteriorated
wood benches in-kind.
• Repair and refinish extant architectural features to match in-kind including the existing plaster, wood
plank siding, epoxy stage flooring, and painted surfaces.
○Consider conducting a paint analysis to inform original color schemes to use when repainting
architectural features of the bandshell and amphitheater.
• Replace plywood panels in-kind and finish with paint to match original color scheme. Then apply a
marine grade varnish.
• Rewire bollards for power and provide compatible metal cover plates.
• Provide architectural and security lighting at the Bandshell and amphitheater.
○Design lighting to illuminate specific architectural features, ensuring the lighting compliments and
does not detract from the building or site.
○Design lighting to be unobtrusive and minimize attachment of ancillary lighting equipment to
historic materials.
○Provide appropriate lighting levels for safety and security.
• Any new structures to accommodate programming, use and health and safety within Glen Huntington
Bandshell’s site would be reviewed by the Boulder Landmarks Board in accordance with Chapter 9-11
(Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code, and the General Guidelines for Historic
Districts and Individual Landmarks.
• Consider reusing existing sites where non-contributing structures are located, and as improvements, prior
to installations in new locations.
○Such new structures could include, but are not limited to accessible restrooms, a green room, and
storage structure.
• Allow new objects such as public art, where appropriate, ensuring that they do not detract from the
overall character of the Glen Huntington Bandshell and site.
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Vegetation
Vegetation includes groves of mature deciduous and evergreen trees. At the amphitheater, mature trees define
the edges of the sloped concrete terrace. A planting bed of low shrubs along the amphitheater berm defines the
southern edge. Mown grass surrounds the amphitheater and is at the south lawn.
• Protect contributing tree patterns including the groves and mature vegetation.
• Replace missing or damaged trees and patterns of trees with in-kind plantings similar to the original in
species, form, and texture.
• Routinely maintain all vegetation growth within close proximity of the Bandshell.
• Remove ivy on exterior rear wall.
Small Scale Features
Small scale features include the low Stone Wall, Art Deco style lampposts, and engraved boulders. The Art Deco
style lampposts and engraved boulders were added after the period of significance.
• Any new small scale features to accommodate programming, use and health and safety within Glen
Huntington Bandshell’s site would be reviewed by the Boulder Landmarks Board in accordance with
Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code, and the General Guidelines
for Historic Districts and Individual Landmarks.
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
1- Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of Glen Huntington Bandshell and site.
• Provide rehabilitation of the roof and floor including the structural framing and finish materials.
• Improve lighting and security surveillance for safety and program efficiency.
• Rewire bollards for lighting and power.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of Glen Huntington Bandshell and site.
• Stitch crack in foundation wall under stage.
• Repair and replace amphitheater seating using in-kind materials. Repair concrete pedestals and replace
the seating boards.
• Repair the diagonal sidewalks to provide ADA-compliant pedestrian routes using historically appropriate
materials.
3 - Conduct repairs to maintain the site's historic and architectural integrity.
• Repair the sandstone retaining wall.
Glen Huntington Bandshell2-36
RESOURCES
Anuta, Karl. “Glen Huntington Band Shell,” Endangered Places Nomination Form. Boulder, CO: Friends of the
Bandshell, 2015.
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
Carey, Rachel. Music in Unconventional Spaces: The Changing Music Scene of the Great Depression America,
1929-1938. Harrisonburg, VA: James Madison University/ JMU Scholarly Commons, 2018.
"Central Park Aerial, 1949." Denver, CO: Colorado Aerial Photography Service.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
City of Boulder, Greenways Master Plan. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 2011.
City of Boulder and HistoryMatters LLC, A Sense of Purpose, A Sense of Place - A Plan for the City of Boulder's
Historic Preservation Program. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 2013.
City of Boulder Landmarks Board. "Bandshell Boundary Expansion Memorandum to Landmarks Board, November
3, 2021." Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Planning & Development Services, 2021.
DeBoer, S.R. Sketch of Proposed Civic Center and War Memorial, 1947.
Dropinski, Chris and Ken Ramsey to the City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Advisory Board. "City Council
Agenda Item, September 4, 1995," Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks Planning and Construction, 1995.
"Fredrick Law Olmsted, Jr. and the Improvement of Boulder, Colorado." National Park Service. Accessed February
2017, https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/frederick-law-olmsted-jr-and-the-improvement-of-boulder-colorado-peter-
pollack-faicp-lincoln-institute.htm.
Front Range Associates. Boulder Bandshell Historical Study, Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Department of
Community Design, Planning, and Development, 1995.
Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, Central Park Bandshell Designation Papers. Boulder, CO: Landmarks
Preservation Advisory Board,1995.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
Petterm, Silvia. Boulder's Floods and Flood Management: Past and Present. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 2016.
"Saco DeBoer hired for zoning study in 1927." Boulder Camera. Accessed 2023, https://www.dailycamera.
com/2012/06/15/saco-deboer-hired-for-zoning-study-in-1927/.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
HARBECK-BERGHEIM HOUSE
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
RATIO Architects, Inc.
• David Kroll, AAIA, Director of Preservation
• Leanna De La Torre, AIA, Architect
• Ashley Russell, Historic Preservation Specialist
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, RATIO, and JVA. Historic photographs (pre-
2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local
History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ......................................................3-4
Property Overview ............................................................3-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary .........3-5
Designation Boundary ......................................................3-6
History & Significance ........................................................3 -7
Integrity ..............................................................................3-13
Existing Condition .............................................................3 -14
Landscape Condition ..................................................3 -14
Architectural Description .............................................3 -16
Architectural Condition ...............................................3-17
Structural Condition .....................................................3-30
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ..........2-35
Additional Images ...........................................................3-36
Sketches ............................................................................3-40
Treatment ..........................................................................3-44
Resources ..........................................................................3-48
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Harbeck-Bergheim House within Beach Park in the University Hill neighborhood of Boulder, Colorado,1938
(Source: University of Colorado Boulder: Aerial Photographs of Colorado)
Euclid Ave
Aurora Ave 16th St15th St14th St13th St12th St11th St*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology 1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
3-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
Sites(s)
x Buildings(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
x Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Building(s)
Harbeck-Bergheim House
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion 5
Criterion A: The property is associated with event/s
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
x Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1900 to 1969
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Harbeck-Bergheim House
University Hills neighborhood; adjacent to Beach Park
1206 Euclid Avenue, Boulder, CO 80302
40.0050 / -105.2771
Lot 1-15 & 31-44 BLK 13 University Place Park Historical Building
146331315009
0.41 Acres / 17,786 SF
House (1899), Adjacent Beach Park (1937)
Unknown
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
79-7
4454
January 22, 1980
5BL.620
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
4 Colorado Historical Society, Colorado Cultural Resource Management: Reevaluation Form for 5BL620 (Denver: Office of Archaeology and
Historic Preservation, 1992).
5 Ibid. Evaluation is based on this document.
Architecture
Social History
Community Planning and Development
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Harbeck-Bergheim House is located in its original location. The designated boundary includes the building and its
immediate surroundings.
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary for Harbeck-Bergheim House (blue), 2020 (source: Carnegie Library for Local History)
3-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Harbeck-Bergheim House is associated with the themes of residential architecture and culture within the City
of Boulder, as well as in the wider context of the United States. This house is significant for its eclectic mix of
Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular styles, both of which were popular during the late 19th and early
20th centuries. The residence is a finely crafted and well-preserved example of these styles. Harbeck-Bergheim
House is significant for the role it has played in the social and cultural life of Boulder since 1899. The Harbeck and
Bergheim families' commitment to the growth of Boulder’s downtown and clothing market is still shared through
the preservation of the Harbeck-Bergheim House.
Background History
Harbeck-Bergheim House was built between 1899 and 1900 by John H. Harbeck.6 Mr. Harbeck was a chain
store owner and stockbroker from New York. Harbeck and his wife, Kate, lived in Boulder during the summers.
After Harbeck’s death in 1910, Mrs. Harbeck ordered that their pets' graves located in the backyard of the
house were not to be disturbed even after her death, which occurred in 1931. As part of her will, Mrs. Harbeck
donated $50,000 to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Boulder (now the Boulder Humane
Society), which funded the construction of the Boulder Humane Society and became the final resting place for
the Harbeck’s pets years later.7 The house sold in 1936 to a local investor for fraternity or apartments, but the City
denied this due to zoning restrictions.
The surrounding lots were sold to William Beach in 1937. Beach was a local businessman who donated the
property to the city of Boulder to be repurposed as a park. Shortly after, Milton and Violet Bergheim purchased
the house in 1939. Mr. Bergheim owned and operated a prominent clothing store along Pearl Street from 1891
until 1966. The Bergheims resided at the house until 1969, when they leased it with an option to buy to the City
of Boulder. The City of Boulder completed the purchase of the property in 1979.8 The building was repurposed
into for mixed-use accommodating classes, special events, and fundraising activities, etc. for more than 5
years until the property was leased to the Boulder History Museum in 1985.9 The building and property were
maintained as a museum until 2018. Shortly after the museum relocated to a new property, the structure was
leased to its current occupants in 2020—the Women’s Wilderness Institute, a local non-profit organization.10
Definition of the Context
Harbeck-Bergheim House is associated with the themes of Architecture, Community Planning and development,
as well as Social History within the City of Boulder. The building maintains high historic integrity and reflects both
the Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular styles, popular during the late 19th and early 20th century in the
United States. The Harbeck and Bergheim families' collectively had an impact on the community development and
social history by becoming the main benefactors of the Boulder Humane Society (Harbecks) and owning one of
Downtown Boulder’s first clothing stores (Bergheims). The Boulder Humane Society remains a major organization
to the Boulder community, while the Bergheim clothing store remains located along Pearl street but operated by a
different clothing company.
6 City of Boulder, History at a Glance (City of Boulder) 2019, 1.
7 Colorado Historical Society. 1206 Euclid Avenue Historic Building Inventory Records, 2.
8 Ibid.
9 City of Boulder, History at a Glance (City of Boulder) 2019, 1.
10 City of Boulder. Harbeck-Bergheim House.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-8
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The introduction of Harbeck-Bergheim House within the University Hill neighborhood was impactful for its
role in community planning and development, its unique architectural collaborative style, and the social history
that would come from its ownerships. Until the last decade of the 19th century, the University Hill area was
primarily undeveloped except for a few log cabins and pastureland owned by local farmers. The first large-
scale development effort in this region was initiated in 1890 by the Denver and Boulder Land and Investment
Company as University Place Addition. This 194-acre addition to the City of Boulder was located between College
and Baseline Road - Sixth and Eighteenth Street. The area was platted into 1,820 lots.11 One of these lots was
allocated to the Harbeck Family who built their residence in 1899. With the growth of the University, construction
of new homes in the University Hill area surged in the early 1900s. The area remains a prominent neighborhood
within the City of Boulder today.
The University Hill area combined a wealth of residential architectural styles made popular across the nation
during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During this period of community development, homes
of the Bungalow style were most popularly built. However, the neighborhood also displayed a significant number
of homes in the Edwardian Vernacular, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, English Cottage, and Craftsman styles.12
The Harbeck-Bergheim House is a perfect eclectic example of the Edwardian Vernacular and Colonial Revival
utilized for one residential structure. Some of the Edwardian Vernacular style characteristics seen at the Harbeck-
Bergheim House include asymmetrical massing, lack of ornamentation, wrap-around porch, and classical details.
In addition, some of the Colonial Revival characteristics seen at the residence include but are not limited to: a
prominent entrance such as a portico, classic columns, dormers, and front doors with sidelights.
Although the Harbeck family kept to themselves for most of their summer stays in Boulder, they grew social
roots with the Boulder community through a love of their dogs and animals.13 Without Mrs. Harbeck’s generous
donation to the Boulder Humane Society, the organization may not have had as much success in its early years or
even today. Two generations of the Bergheim family owned and operated a prominent clothing store in the heart
of downtown Boulder on Pearl Street.14 Their commitment to the growth of Boulder’s downtown and clothing
market is still shared through the preservation of the Harbeck-Bergheim House as well as their family-owned store
on Pearl Street. With proper preservation of the residence, these stories can be shared with the University Hill
neighborhood and Boulder community.
Associated Property Types
Harbeck-Bergheim House is an example of the Edwardian Vernacular and Colonial Revival architectural styles
made prominent throughout the United States. The Colonial Revival held influence in residential communities
from the 1880s to the 1940s, while the Edwardian Vernacular style had a short-lived prominence lasting from
1900 to 1914. Multiple properties of these styles are found throughout the University Hill neighborhood.
Harbeck-Bergheim House uniquely stands out within its community for the way both styles were harmoniously
combined at the residence. The house’s eclectic architectural nature, as well as being bounded on two sides
by Beach Park and elevated from the street sets it apart as a dominant and impressive local landmark in the
University Hills neighborhood.
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Harbeck-Bergheim House is a two-and-a-half-story building with an attic and garden level basement. The
residence is characteristically a flared, hipped roof with overhanging eaves, decorative modillions, stone chimneys,
a wood cornice with dentil trim, and dormers with cameo windows. Two sets of two-story bay windows are
located on the front and side facades (northeast elevations). Each include one-over-one (1/1) light double-hung
windows.15 A one-story portico with classical stone columns atop stone walls (that make up a wrap-around porch)
with a cornice lined balustrade is located on the front facade. A curvilinear stone wall is located adjacent to the
front portico.16 The main door is a solid wood dutch door flanked by leaded glass sidelight windows.
11 R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons, University Hill Neighborhood History and Walking Tour, 1992, 2.
12 Ibid, 3-4.
13 Colorado Historical Society. 1206 Euclid Avenue Historic Building Inventory Records, 2.
14 Ibid., 4.
15 Ibid., 5.
16 Ibid.
3-9
This residence has remained in its original location since construction and retains much of its original character,
design, and materials. The Harbeck-Bergheim House resides on seven (7) open lots (originally 27). The house is
surrounded by a residential neighborhood in all directions. The University Hill neighborhood in which it resides is
filled with homes of the Craftsman era and others built in succeeding decades. The overall design has remained
primarily unchanged since its original construction. Most of the original materials have remained the same.
Between 1991 to 2015, multiple but minor rehabilitations, building upgrades, and improvements took place. The
workmanship is consistent with the combination of the Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular architectural
styles present in the United States at the time of its construction. With much of the first and second floor spaces
having been maintained with original finishes, the feeling is authentic. The building maintains its associations with
John and Kate Harbeck, benefactors of the Humane Society, and the Bergheim family, who for two generations
owned a clothing store in downtown Boulder.
In 1972, the basement was modified to accommodate a caretaker’s apartment. Between 1991 and 2015,
various rehabilitations, building upgrades and improvements took place to preserve the structure’s character and
accessibility.
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
The Harbeck-Bergheim House meets the National Register criteria A and C for its association with Boulder's social
history and development, as well as its unique architectural style. The Harbeck-Bergheim House is significant
under Criterion A for the role it has played in the social and cultural life of Boulder since 1899. Harbeck and his
wife, Kate, generally kept to themselves while they lived in Boulder during the summers. They were very close
to their dogs, however, and upon Mrs. Harbeck's death, she donated $50,000 to the Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals in Boulder (now known and still standing today as the Boulder Humane Society). Through
this occurrence, they grew social roots with the Boulder community through a love of their dogs and animals
that would continue to present day. Milton and Violet Bergheim purchased the house in 1930. Mr Bergheim
owned and operated a prominent clothing store along Pearl Street from 1891 until 1996. Their commitment to
the growth of Boulder's Downtown and clothing market is still shared through the preservation of the Harbeck-
Bergheim house as well as their family-owned store on Pearl Street.
The house is also eligible under Criterion C for its representation of the Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular
architectural styles made popular during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries in the United States.
These styles are reflected in the Harbeck-Bergheim House's prominent classical details that set themselves apart
from the remaining neighborhood by way of its setback and elevated location to the street.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-10
Statement of Significance
Harbeck-Bergheim House is significant for its eclectic mix of Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular styles.
Both were popular during the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States and are reflected in the
building's classical details, Ionic columns, one-story portico, wrap-around porch, and stacked bay windows.17
The building is a finely crafted and well preserved example of these styles working in harmony. The house's
association with the former Harbeck and Bergheim residences, as well as its impressive architectural features,
make the house a valued local landmark within the University Hill neighborhood of Boulder.
Harbeck-Bergheim House is significant for the role it has played in the social and cultural life of Boulder since
1899. Upon Mrs. Harbeck's death she donated $50,000 to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
in Boulder (present-day the Boulder Humane Society.) Milton and Violet Bergheim purchased the house in 1939.
Mr. Bergheim owned and operated a prominent clothing store along Pearl Street from 1891 until 1966.18 Their
commitment to the growth of Boulder’s downtown and clothing market is still shared through the preservation of
the Harbeck-Bergheim House as well as their family owned store on Pearl Street.
Harbeck-Bergheim House is significant for its representation of the Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular
architectural styles made popular during the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. These styles are
reflected in the Harbeck-Bergheim House's prominent classical details. Bounded on two sides by Beach Park, the
Harbeck-Bergheim House is elevated from the street and is a dominant and impressive local landmark within the
University Hill neighborhood.19
Recommended Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Harbeck-Bergheim House is 1900 to 1969 for the period in which
it was a private residence. The period begins with the construction of the building and ends when the Bergheim
family moved out the residence in 1969, after which it was leased to the City of Boulder.
17 Colorado Historical Society. 1206 Euclid Avenue Historic Building Inventory Records, 5.
18 Ibid, 2.
19 Ibid, 3.
3-11
Summary of Use
Historic and Current Use
Harbeck-Bergheim House was historically maintained as a private residence, located within the University Hill
Neighborhood from the year it was erected in 1899 until 1969. John and Kate Harbeck resided in the house
during the summer months until 1936. Many of the surrounding lots (lots 8-27) were sold to William Beach
in 1937 (lots 8 to 27). Beach donated his property to the City of Boulder to be re-purposed as a park in 1937.
Shortly after, Milton and Violet Bergheim purchased the house in 1939 and lived here until 1969, when they
leased the house with an option to buy to the City of Boulder. The City of Boulder started planning the future
use of the site and ultimately re-purposed the house for community events in 1979. In 1985 the building was
leased to the Boulder History Museum who used the structure as a museum until 2018. The City of Boulder
has maintained and owned the Harbeck-Bergheim House since 1969. The lots donated by William Beach to the
city for a park are present-day Beach Park. Harbeck-Bergheim House is currently leased to Women’s Wilderness
Institute.20
Date Event
1899 to 1936 Home of John & Kate Harbeck
1936 to 1939 Home of Leonard Blystad
1937 to present William Beach purchases and donates lots 8 to 27, known as Beach Park
1939 to 1969 Home of Milton & Violet Bergheim
1969 to present City of Boulder Ownership
1970 to 1979 City of Boulder begins the purchase of the property
1979 to 1985 Community Center & Event Space used for community education and educational
activities
1985 to 2018 Boulder History Museum
2020 to present Women's Wilderness Institute in the current leasee
20 City and County of Boulder. Harbeck-Bergheim House, City and County of Boulder
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-12
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source*
1899 House built by J. H. Harbeck.“History at a Glance”
1936 Purchase of the property by Leonard Blystad from estate representatives with proposal to
remodel it as a fraternity or as apartments, denied by the city due to zoning restrictions.
“History at a Glance”
1937 Blystad sold approximately 20 of the 27 lots to William Beach. Beach donated the 20 lots
to the City of Boulder for park purposes (lots 8 to 27).
“History at a Glance”
1939 Property purchased by Milton Bergheim (lots 1 to 7) for use as a private residence. “History at a Glance”
1970 Property leased to City of Boulder with the option to buy with suggested repurpose
as a cultural center for events and activities for persons of all ages within the Boulder
community.
“History at a Glance”
1970 to
1972
Caretaker apartment built in the basement.“History at a Glance”
1972 Officially named the Harbeck-Bergheim House by the Boulder Parks and Recreational
Advisory Board.
“History at a Glance”
1979 Property purchased by City of Boulder from estate of Milton N. Bergheim for use as
classrooms, special events, fund raising activities, clubs, workshops, etc.
“History at a Glance”
1980 Harbeck-Bergheim House designated as a local Landmark by the City of Boulder. City of Boulder Landmark.
L-79-7
1985 Property leased to the Boulder History Museum for use as a museum (non-conforming
use).
“History at a Glance”
1986 Fire suppression system installed.“History at a Glance”
1991 Ramp installed (Landmark Alteration Certificate).“History at a Glance”
1992 Back porch replaced in-kind and signage installed for the museum (Landmark Alteration
Certificate).
“History at a Glance”
1996 Exterior lighting installed (Landmark Alteration Certificate).“History at a Glance”
1999 Front porch reroofted and bay window roof metal cap replaced (Landmark Alteration
Certificate).
“History at a Glance”
2002 Handrail installed at front sidewalk (Landmark Alteration Certificate).“History at a Glance”
2005 Air conditioner, rooftop condenser unit, and new furnace installed (Landmark Alteration
Certificate).
“History at a Glance”
2011 Front window replaced (Landmark Alteration Certificate).“History at a Glance”
2013 Building reroofed with like materials (Landmark Alteration Certificate).“History at a Glance”
2015 Attic insulated.“History at a Glance”
2018 Museum of Boulder vacated the property and moved to a new location. City of Boulder
began decision-making process for future use and ownership of Harbeck-Bergheim House.
“History at a Glance”
2018 to
2020
Stabilization and restoration of interior stained-glass window identified as a community
and departmental priority. Window restored by Watkins Stained Glass Studio.
Harbeck-Bergheim House
2020 Parks and Recreation Advisory Boards and City Council approve the lease agreement of
the Harbeck-Bergheim House to Women’s Wilderness Institute.
Harbeck-Bergheim House
* Refer to resources at the end of this section for sources
3-13
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Harbeck-Bergheim House has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the
original construction within its period of significance (1900 to 1969) are present as they were historically. Integrity
is evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling,
and association. Harbeck-Bergheim House retains integrity in all seven aspects.
Location
The building has remained in its original location since construction.
Setting
The original property consisted of 27 lots with Harbeck-Bergheim House located on lots 1-7. The setting was
modified in 1937 when William Beach bought the 20 lots surrounding the house and presented it to the city as
Beach Park, which it remains today. The residence is surrounded by the University Hill residential neighborhood.
Design
Harbeck-Bergheim House retains architectural integrity as the design remains primarily unchanged since its
original construction. Between 1970 and 1972, a caretaker apartment was added to the basement. Other
alterations include the addition of an accessible ramp and handrail at the front sidewalk; replacement of the
rear porch, roof material, and front window; the addition of a new furnace, air conditioner and condenser and
insulation in the attic; and the addition of signage. The interior has been modified with office and storage spaces
to accommodate museum uses.
Materials
Most original finish and architectural materials have remained. Between 1991 and 2015, multiple modifications,
building upgrades and improvements replaced materials to match in-kind. Modifications to the interior included
adding a mixed-use office space. Some finishes were altered at this time.
Workmanship
The workmanship is consistent with the combination of the Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular
architectural styles seen in the United States during the turn of the 20th century.
Feeling
The Harbeck-Bergheim House has retained its original character-defining features and has therefore maintained
the feeling of authenticity.
Association
The building retains associations with John and Kate Harbeck, benefactors of the Humane Society, and the
Bergheim family, who for two generations owned a clothing store in downtown Boulder.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-14
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Summary of Landscape Characteristics
The Harbeck-Bergheim House's historic setting, features and spatial relationships remain similar to their
appearance during the period of significance. The building is set on seven the original 27 lots in the University Hill
neighborhood. The remaining 20 lots of Beach Park border the landscape along the west and south. The elevated
building and open lawn face north to Euclid Avenue and remain an impressive local landmark in the University Hill
neighborhood.
Topography
The building site is a sloped lawn that gradually slopes from south to north, with steep slopes at each right-of-
way (Euclid Avenue and 12th Street) and at the driveway. The building is set at the high point of the site on a
level terrace.
Spatial Organization
The historic setting and spatial organization remain intact since the period of significance. The building is
oriented north and set back from Euclid Avenue. A large front lawn, bordered by trees along the property edges,
accentuates the prominence of the building.
Circulation
Pedestrian circulation consists of sandstone paved sidewalks along Euclid Avenue and 12th Street, sandstone
steps and sandstone paving leading to the main entry from Euclid Avenue, and a sandstone paved walk from
12th Street to building's rear entry. The stone paved sidewalk and steps are original features. A path to the main
entry does not meet ADA requirements for accessibility. The sandstone paving ranges from poor to fair condition
due to heaved stones, stones out of alignment, and cracked stones. A path does not exist to the front porch.
The sandstone paved sidewalks on Euclid Avenue and 12th Street are within the city's right-of-way and are not
maintained by Boulder Parks and Recreation.
A paved driveway connects the east side of the building with Euclid Avenue and includes a parking area. The
driveway alignment is original, but the parking and asphalt paving are contemporary additions. The asphalt
paving is crumbling and in poor condition. The parking includes an ADA-compliant parking space and wood ramp
(installed in 1991 to provide access to the back entry of the building). The ramp is not ADA-compliant.
Small-Scale Features
Contemporary small-scale features a include trash bins and parking signs that support operational functions.
Figure 1-3. Sandstone steps and sandstone paving to main
entry from Euclid Avenue, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-4. Driveway and parking, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
3-15
Figure 1-5. Memorial Garden at southeast corner
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-6. Trees and shrubs at the north and west sides of
the building, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-7. View of Flatirons from the front lawn,and view of
Harbeck-Bergeim House from Euclid Avenue, 2020.
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Vegetation
The original expanse of lawn remains along with mature deciduous trees that line Euclid Avenue and 12th Street.
Ornamental and evergreen trees, shrubs, perennials, and vines surround the building's foundation. The plant
material has been altered over the years. A perennial Memorial Garden at the southwest corner of the property is
a contemporary addition that includes a brick paved path. The garden is maintained by volunteers.
Views and Viewsheds
Prominent views from Euclid Avenue to the building and southeastern views of the Boulder Flatirons from the
lawn contribute to the significance of the Harbeck-Bergheim House.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-16
Architectural Description
Harbeck-Bergheim House is a two-and-a-half-story dwelling with an attic and basement below grade. The exterior
of the house consists of rusticated evenly-coursed stone walls and stone belt courses. A one-story portico with
a wood balustrade and stone columns atop a stone wall is located at the main entrance. Adjacent and in front
of the portico is the wrap-around porch that is constructed of stone walls and a concrete floor. A cornice lined
balustrade is on the front facade (north elevation). Two sets of two-story bay windows are on the north and east
elevations, each with one-over-one (1/1) light double-hung windows.21 The south and west elevations have a
mix of double-hung and fixed windows. The house is topped by a flared hipped roof with overhanging eaves and
modillions under the eaves. A wood cornice with dentil trim and dormers with cameo windows. The front entry
door is a solid wood Dutch door flanked by leaded glass windows. A grand stair with wood treads, balusters
and railings is inside the front entrance. All architectural features are character-defining and contribute to the
significance the building.
Primary Materials
Character-defining materials include the exterior coursed sandstone with a quarry-faced surface, asphalt shingles,
original windows and doors, decorative wood trims on the interior and exterior of the building, interior painted
plaster walls and ceilings, original hardwood flooring, wood wainscoting, and decorative fireplaces. This masonry
structure is primarily built of coursed sandstone with a quarry-faced surface.22 The roof consists of asphalt
shingles. Exterior windows, doors, roof eaves, and portico have decorative wood trims. Wood is primarily utilized
for floor and trim on the building's interior. The interior walls and ceilings are predominately painted plaster, and
floors are hardwood. Wood wainscotting is present in multiple areas of the house. Most doors are solid wood.
Several rooms feature fireplaces with decorative wood trim, ceramic tile surrounds, and cast-iron inserts.
Harbeck-Bergheim house retains its original character, design, and most of the original materials since its initial
construction. The basement was modified to accommodate a caretaker’s apartment. Between 1991 and 2015,
alterations included addition of a ramp and handrail at the front sidewalk; replacement of the south elevation
porch, roof material, and front window; the addition of a new furnace, air conditioner and condenser and
insulation in the attic; and the addition of signage.
21 Colorado Historical Society, 1979. 1206 Euclid Avenue Historic Building Inventory Records, 5.
22 CSC. Historic Structure Report: Building Condition Evaluation: Harbeck House Exterior. CSC, 5.
Figure 1-8. Harbeck-Bergheim House at 1206 Euclid Avenue, in the early 1900’s (source: Carnegie Library for
Local History)
3-17
Figure 1-9. Porch transition at the main entry door, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Architectural Condition
Concrete
The wrap-around porch and portico flooring is poured concrete and is positioned lower than the finished floor
of the first level. The concrete flooring does not seem to be original to the building, but appears to be in good
condition with no major damage or cracks.
Masonry - Stone
Front Porch: The walls surrounding the porch appear to be made of the same stone as the main building. Overall
the stone is in fair shape with a few areas in poor condition. The primary areas of concern are on the interior
faces of the wall on the north side, and around the main entry stair to the north. Significant wear to the stone
and mortar is evident and large amounts of both weathered away, likely from use of salts and chemical deicers.
Graffiti and its removal have damaged the stone at the walls at both the wrap-around porch and main building.
Walls appear to be a different type of stone at the wrap-around porch. This stone is in fair condition. Several
capstones are covered with lichen. The entry steps to the porch were noted as Lyons sandstone in previous
building evaluations, and appear to be in good condition with some uneven gaps due to ground settling. Four
large stone columns support the porch roof and the stone appears to be in good condition. The mortar is in fair
to poor condition and in need of repointing.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-18
Figure 1-10. Stone damage at the interior porch
wall, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-11. Porch stone walls near the main entry steps, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-12. Main entry steps, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-13. Porch columns, 2020 (source: Ratio)
3-19
Figure 1-14. Efflorescence west of main entry, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-15. Cracked header, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-16. Stone damage at stair, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-17. Stone damage at gutter, 2020
(source: Ratio)
North Facade: In general, the stone masonry on the north side of the building is in good condition. Some visible
damage is on the stone just west of the main entry door. One of the headers over the bay windows just east of
the main entry has a large crack.
East Facade: The east wall of the building is in good condition overall. However, the south end of the porch
has considerable damage to the building masonry, which appears to have been caused by water damage and
drainage issues as well as past at graffiti removal processes. Another area of damage is at the base of the shallow
pilaster near the south east corner of the building.
South Facade: The masonry on the south wall is in good condition overall. A cracked stone is above the entry
porch addition. The south-west building corner has vines growing on the stone, causing potential damage.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-20
West Facade: The stone overall appears to be in good condition on the west face. The stone detailing elevation
below one window has evidence of water damage. Another area toward the bottom of the wall has significant
amounts of lichen. A few stones have damaged stone faces or faces that are damaged or have weathered away.
Chimneys: The stonework on the chimneys appears to be in fair to poor condition. Many stones are very worn
and weathered with portions of the stones missing, and significant mortar missing. Of the three chimneys, one, in
the north east corner, appears to be in the worst condition.
Figure 1-18. Cracked stone, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-19. Vines on stone masonry, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-20. Stone detailing below window, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-21. Lichen and weathered
stone, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-22. South east chimney, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-23. North east chimney, 2020
(source: Ratio)
3-21
Figure 1-24. Basement brick masonry, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-25. Eave attic masonry, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-26. Stained glass at main north entry, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-27. Stained glass at interior stairway,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Masonry - Brick
Exposed brick is in the basement and attic. Overall, the brick is in fair condition. Primary areas of damage are
those where ductwork or other penetrations have been made through the brick walls. The resulting openings
left holes in the brickwork. The attempted sealing material between the ducts and the brick has not functioned
properly, causing more damage to the surrounding bricks and impacting the integrity of the walls in those areas.
Glazing
The exterior window glazing is in good condition overall with no major cracks or missing panes. A few basement
windows have had the glazing removed for ventilation of interior appliances. Stained glass in the building has
been repaired and is in good condition
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-22
Wood
Portico: As viewed from ground level, the wood portico appears to be in fair condition with evidence of cracking
and paint peeling. Below the portico, the wood soffit shows evidence of cracking and warping. During the site
visit, a substantial yellowjacket nest was located behind the soffit. The wood balustrade wraps around the top of
the portico and is in poor condition with areas of major splintering, and multiple areas where the bare wood is
exposed. An attempt at protecting the top of this wood was made at some point in the past with the addition of
metal exterior roof caps that cover the tops of the rails.
In general, the portico roof eaves and soffits appear are in good condition. The brackets and wood detailing
appears intact, with little evidence of rot or damage. The metal gutters and downspouts around the building
are in poor to fair condition. The exterior wall finish around the attic is in fair condition. A few areas have paint
missing, and some weathering, but most finishes have little to no damage.
Figure 1-28. Portico roof, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-29. Portico balustrade on north elevation, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-30. Attic exterior, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-31. Wood window, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-32. Roof soffits, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
3-23
Figure 1-33. South porch ramp, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-34. South porch interior,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-35. South porch staircase to
basement, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-36. Foyer wood paneling, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-37. Main staircase, 2020 (source: Ratio)
South Porch: The enclosed porch is used as the secondary entrance with a wood ramp providing an accessible
entry. The porch walls are bead board and appear to be in fair condition with some warping and cracking. The
flooring has been painted and is worn with signs of weathering, primarily near the exterior door. An entry ramp
and staircase have been added to the south porch, and are not original to the building. These additions are in
fair condition and have significant rust is on the metal elements that connect the ramp to the concrete slab
below. Adjacent to the porch on the east side is a staircase leading to the basement. These stairs are covered by a
plywood panel.
Foyer: The foyer has wood wall paneling, a wood fireplace surround, and wood detailing leading up to the main
staircase. The majority of these decorative wood elements are in good condition. The front door is a Dutch door
and is fully functioning. The detailing appears to be intact with minimal wear. Two primary areas of wear are
around the window seat and at the exposed treads of the staircase.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-24
Windows and Doors: The interior portion of the windows are in good condition. Many interior windowsills show
significant wear, weathering, or water damage. Many of the circular and oval windows have significant cracking
in their frames and sashes. In general, the doors are in fair condition. The hardware is worn, scratched, or scuffed.
At some locations where the doors have been painted, the painted finish is scratched or peeling.
The exterior portion of the wood windows and doors vary from fair to poor condition based upon their locations.
Many exterior frames, sills, and sashes have peeling and cracking paint over most exterior surfaces.
Figure 1-38. Oval attic window,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-39. Interior sill at the south
facing window in second floor
bathroom, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-40. Interior west facing circular
window in first floor closet, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-41. Interior wood pocket doors, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-42. Painted interior door Ratio,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-43. Door
hardware, 2020
(source: Ratio)
3-25
Figure 1-44. Wood flooring, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-45. Attic flooring, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-46. Attic finishes, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Wood Flooring: Wood flooring throughout the building is in fair condition. Aside from a few areas where there
are burn marks and water damage, most of the hardwood flooring has general wear and scratching. In the attic,
wood flooring appears to be in worse condition than the rest of the building with gaps between boards, and
noticeable scratching. The flooring does not appear to have the same quality or finish as the rest of the building.
Attic: The walls and ceilings in the attic are wooden bead boards, which is in fair condition overall, with some
areas where the panels have been replaced. Water damage is visible below the exterior windows. The stairs to
the attic are in fair condition but are severely worn and scratched on the risers and treads. Wood guardrails are in
good condition with some minor scrapes and scuffs on the interior surfaces.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-26
Figure 1-47. Attic staircase, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-48. Closet built-in
cabinets, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-49. Closet built-in cabinets, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-50. Fireplace, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-51. Fireplace, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-52. Built-in cabinet, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Miscellaneous Interior Wood Components: Wood fireplace surrounds are on both the first and second floors and
are in good condition. A large built-in cabinet with stained glass doors and a mirrored back wall is on the first
floor and is in good condition. Many second-floor closets have built in cabinetry and are in fair condition. One
cabinet has a missing drawer, and most have small scratches and dents on the top surfaces.
3-27
Interior Finishing/ Detailing
Apart from some detailing on the one of the first-floor ceilings, the interior wall and ceiling finishes are a mix
of painted and unpainted wallpaper. Previous attempts to remove the wallpaper were unsuccessful, and the
wallpaper was painted over. Most finished surfaces are in good condition. A few areas have peeling wallpaper. A
portion of the plaster finish has come off the wall in the second-floor closet.
Tiling: The basement kitchen and restrooms on each floor have tile floors. In the second level restroom the tile
wainscot and floor are in good condition. Adjacent to the restroom is a separate shower that has tile walls and
concrete flooring. The tile is in good condition but is not original to the building or in keeping with the character.
The first-floor restroom was modified for accessibility. The floor tile is in good condition and matches the
character of the building. The walls in the first-floor restroom are a bead board wainscot with wood trim that are
in good condition. In the basement, the kitchen and restroom floor tiles are not original to the building, but are in
fair condition. Portions of the grout need repair.
Roofing
Without roof access, the full condition of the roof could not be verified. Of what could be seen from ground level,
the shingles are in fair condition. Some edges are weathered and torn. Metal flashing around the chimneys and
roof penetrations are in fair condition as well with some areas in need of sealant repair. The small portion of the
flat roof that can be accessed from the attic window has a membrane roofing system that is in good condition.
This is not original to the structure. It is suggested that a roofing consultant be procured by the city as a separate
scope in order to conduct a thorough analysis of the roof prior to any rehabilitation work.
Figure 1-53. Ceiling detailing, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-54. Peeling wallpaper, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-28
Figure 1-55. Second floor restroom, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-56. Shower tile, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-57. First floor restroom, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-58. Basement kitchen, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-59. Basement
restroom, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
3-29
Mechanical
Most of the building is conditioned with radiators for heating and no method for cooling other than natural
ventilation through the exterior windows. The attic has its own air conditioning system for heating and cooling.
At the time of the site visit, all heating and cooling systems appeared to be in working order. A building systems
engineer will need to be procured by the city to conduct a thorough analysis to confirm compliance and
performance of existing systems.
Other
Basement Finishes: The basement kitchen has an acoustical tile ceiling that is in fair condition. Most of the
basement flooring is concrete, which is in good condition other than a rough transition between two slabs at one
of the doorways. The finished rooms of the basement, other than the kitchen and restroom, have carpeted floors
that are in good condition but not original. These same rooms have doors that are not original to the building
and appear to be hollow core construction. Exterior windows in the basement are in fair to poor condition with a
few locations that have missing or broken hardware. Some windows have been nailed shut.
Exterior Basement Staircase: The exterior staircase is covered and inaccessible from the exterior. The steps are
concrete. They appear to be in fair condition, though they do not appear to meet current code requirements
regarding tread and riser dimensions.
Figure 1-60. Radiator, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-61. Concrete floor transition, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-62. Exterior basement
staircase, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-63. Basement finishes, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-30
Figure 1-64. Efflorescence on basement walls, 2020
(source: JVA)
Structural Condition
Harbeck-Bergheim House is a stone masonry walled building with wood-framed roof and floor structures. Floor
plans and elevations and a conditions report prepared by CSC in 1991 were available during this assessment;
however, no structural drawings, original or otherwise, were available. The structural systems are described below
based on our site observations and documentation of the structure.
Foundation
Harbeck-Bergheim House has a combination of coursed stone and rubble stone exterior bearing walls. The interior
basement bearing walls are 3-wythe brick masonry that is constructed of red-clay brick units that are slightly
larger than today's standard brick size. The foundation was not exposed or observed below grade, so the depth
and presence of footings are unknown, however they are likely continuous masonry strip footings.
Overall, the foundation is in good condition with no indications of wide-spread settlement such as cracking in
the walls above grade. Efflorescence was evident at the interior faces of the basement walls that is evidence of
past water infiltration (Figure 1-59). The basement slab slopes near the southeast corner of the building, however
this was likely intentional to allow the slab to drain and is not indicative of structural settlement. An exterior
building condition evaluation was prepared by CSC in February 1991. Many of the eroded mortar joints and water
infiltration issues identified in the report appear to have been addressed since the report was issued.
Roof Framing
The house has a steep hip roof with large, low-sloped eaves with hip-roofed dormers on three sides and a flat
roof overhang over the front porch. The roof consists of 1 ¼” board sheathing supported by roof framing of 1
½” x 5 ½” rafters spaced at 16”. The ceiling framing of the attic consisted of 2x4 joists spaced at 16.” Blown in
insulation was evident above the ceiling, indicating that the structure currently has a cold roof above the occupied
space.
The roof appears to be in good condition with no sagging or displacement to indicate any structural deficiencies.
The areas of observed wood framing appear to be in good physical condition showing no signs of deterioration.
3-31
Floor Framing
The basement has a new concrete slab-on-grade with a french drain along the exterior walls, apparently installed
following the recommendations of the 1991 report to address perimeter wall leakage issues. The first, second,
and attic floor systems are wood framed systems with joists spanning between bearing walls. In the basement,
areas of the first-floor framing were visible and consist of 2x12 joists spaced at 12” spanning in the north-south
direction. The header visible at the masonry wall openings consisted of seven 2x12 members. The framing for
the other floors was not exposed, however, they most likely also span in the north-south direction and consist of
similar member sizes.
Overall the floor systems are in good condition; there is no sagging or displacement to indicate any structural
deficiencies.
Wall and Construction
The structure has exterior stone bearing walls and interior multi-wythe brick bearing walls. The exterior walls
have coursed rectangular ashlar units at the exterior with a rubble stone back-up at the interior. The stone is a
buff-colored sandstone. The original mortar joints appear to be a soft lime-based mortar. There are several eras
of repointing mortar on the building including a buff-colored mortar that appears to have similar strength to the
original lime mortar as well as a grey colored mortar that has a high portland cement content and is harder than
the original mortar.
Interior bearing walls on the first and second floor are wood framed but were not exposed during the site
observation.
The exterior stone of the house is in overall good condition with the exception of typical weather-related
deterioration (erosion) of the sandstone units in Boulder’s freeze-thaw climate. The deterioration is more
pronounced at the walls near grade at the porch and entry stair. There are isolated cracks including thermal
movement-related cracking of mortar joints at the porch and cracked ashlar units near the front entry door jamb.
Many of the eroded mortar joints and water infiltration issues identified in the 1991 report appear to have been
addressed since the report was issued. Lichen growth is present on the coping stones of the porch however it
does not appear to be causing material damage of structural concern to the ashlar units.
Lateral force resisting system (LFRS)
The LFRS of the house consists of masonry bearing walls and wood floor and roof diaphragms. The LFRS is in
good condition. It has performed well over the lifetime of the structure.
Other Structural Features
The site includes three stone chimneys, two on the east and one the west side of the house. The porch railing
and staircase are constructed of a stone similar to that used for the building. The weather-related erosion of stone
units and mortar joints in the chimneys has progressed to the point that some stones appear loose and could
dislodge from the chimney.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-32
Figure 1-65. Erosion of stone at locations of graffiti removal,
2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-66. Deteriorated stone at chimney, 2020
(Source: JVA)
Figure 1-67. Thermal related cracking at header, 2020
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-68. Erosion of stone near grade and lichen growth
at coping, 2020 (source: JVA)
3-33
Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural FeaturesTable 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Pavement Concrete slab on grade Good
Masonry Stone, brick Fair
Glazing Single pane, stained glass Good
Wood Stained and painted wood Fair
Finishes Plaster, wall paper, tile Good
Roofing Asphalt shingles Good
Additional Building Systems
Mechanical Radiators, Attic HVAC Good
Fire Protection & Suppression Not Assessed
Irrigation (Backflow preventer, spray heads, etc.)Not Assessed
Electrical Lighting and power Good
Plumbing Good
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components that are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-34
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural FeaturesTable 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation Exterior Foundation Walls: coursed and rubble stone
Interior Basement Walls: 3-wythe brick masonry
Footing: Likely continuous masonry strip footing
Good
Roof Framing Wood-framed system Good
Floor Framing Wood-framed system Good
Wall Construction Exterior: Stone bearing walls
Interior: Multi-wythe brick basement bearing walls, wood-framed
bearing walls
Good
Lateral Force Resisting System
(LFRS)
Masonry bearing walls and wood floor and roof diaphragms Good
Other Structural Features Stone chimneys, porch railings, and exterior stairways Poor
3-35
Table 1-3: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/
Non-Contributing
Topography
Sloped lawn Good Contributing
Level terrace (at Building)Good Contributing
Circulation
Sandstone paved sidewalk along Euclid Avenue (city ROW)Poor Contributing
Sandstone paved sidewalk along 12th Street (city ROW)Poor Contributing
Sandstone steps and sandstone paving from Euclid Avenue to main
entry
Fair Contributing
Sandstone walk from 12th Street to rear entry Poor Contributing
Wood ramp at back entry Poor Non-Contributing
Driveway (asphalt paved)Poor Contributing
Parking (asphalt paved)Poor Non-Contributing
Buildings and Structures
Harbeck-Bergheim House Contributing
Vegetation
Trees along Euclid Avenue Fair Contributing
Trees along 12th Street Fair Contributing
Trees, shrubs and perennials along building foundation Good Contributing
Memorial Garden (including brick paved path)Fair to Good Non-Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
View to Boulder Flatirons from lawn Good Contributing
View from Euclid Avenue to building Good Contributing
Small-Scale Features
Trash bins Good Non-Contributing
Signs Good Non-Contributing
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-36
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-69. Harbeck-Bergheim House Landmark Designation plaque, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-70. Front (north) elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
3-37
Figure 1-71. East elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-72. South elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-38
Figure 1-73. West elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-74. Basement window, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-75. Attic exterior, 2020 (source: Ratio)
3-39
Figure 1-76. Second floor wood floor damage,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-77. Second floor looking north, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-78. Interior arch detailing on second floor, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-79. Wood detailing at stair, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-40
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Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-44
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for the Harbeck-Bergheim House. This approach emphasizes the
preservation and repair of the property, as well as allowing for adaptive reuse to meet future contemporary needs.
This section provides actions and recommendations to guide the holistic preservation and rehabilitation of the
Harbeck-Bergheim House to ensure its future as a valued landmark.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and
in support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides treatment actions to protect character-
defining features, and repair contributing features and the setting. Treatment recommendations identify where
repair is needed to reveal historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Work planned for the
Harbeck-Bergheim House shall be guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic
Properties, and accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Parks Service, and
Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Treatment guidance assists in guiding repairs to improve the functionality of the Harbeck-Bergheim House for
public use and for improved operations for the City of Boulder. Treatment guidance applies to the entirety of
Harbeck-Bergheim House and property. The guidance should be followed when proposing modifications to the
structure and property.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
The Harbeck-Bergheim House serves as a community center and event space for the City of Boulder Parks and
Recreation Department. The architecturally and historically significant structure is characterized by its eclectic
Colonial Revival and Edwardian Vernacular styles. The house's association with the former Harbeck and Bergheim
residences, as well as its impressive architectural features, make the house a valued landmark within the University
Hill neighborhood of Boulder.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve, protect, and repair the Harbeck-Bergheim House's contributing architectural and structural
features including characteristics that contribute to its historic character on the interior and exterior of
the residence.
• Maintain and enhance a variety of community uses in the interior of the structure, as well as outside with
the surrounding landscape.
• Provide accessibility for all through exterior and interior modifications.
3-45
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Harbeck-Bergheim House.
Treatment guidance is presented according to six landscape characteristics - topography, spatial organization,
circulation, buildings and structures, small scale features, and vegetation.
Topography and Spatial Organization
Protect Harbeck-Bergheim House's site composition by maintaining the sloped and terraced topography, open
front lawn and perimeter and street trees.
• Ensure future tree plantings or new additions do not diminish views to the Harbeck-Bergheim House or
to the Boulder Flatirons.
Circulation
Protect Harbeck-Bergheim House's original features including sandstone steps, sandstone paving from Euclid
Avenue to the main entry, and sandstone paving from 12th Street to the rear entry.
• Repair stone paving;
• Repair asphalt driveway and parking;
• Consider installing an ADA-compliant accessible route to the front porch and main entry.
Buildings and Structures
Rehabilitate, stabilize, and preserve the Harbeck-Bergheim House.
• Preserve and repair extant architectural features in-place including roofing, ceilings, walls, flooring,
openings, and appendages.
○Repair and replace damaged or missing exterior drainage;
○Repoint exterior masonry walls and chimneys and replace disintegrating stones;
○Conduct a trial of different stone consolidants on a discrete area of the building to determine the
most appropriate coating to protect the masonry;
○Conduct a trial of different anti-graffiti coatings on the walls to find a suitable coating for the
building’s masonry accessible for tagging;
○Rehabilitate the wood porch portico in its entirety – wood balusters and soffits, stone masonry
columns, stabilize and replace roofing material, etc.;
○Replace broken or missing window and door components –window and door screens, hardware,
and panes.
• Preserve and repair extant structural features in-place including the roof and floor framing, masonry
walls, and other structural features.
○Foundation Walls - Rake out deteriorated mortar joints of the exposed foundation walls and repoint
with an appropriate mortar as determined by a mortar analysis of a sample of the original mortar.
Remove the efflorescence with a poultice then monitor the interior of the basement walls for signs
of water infiltration or return of efflorescence. Further water management treatments may be
necessary.
○Floor Framing - If the building will be utilized for a use other than residences or offices, further
investigation and analysis of the floor framing configuration and capacity will be necessary to
determine if the structure needs to be strengthened.
○Roof Framing - The addition of insulation to the eaves in the attic will not require roof
strengthening. Since the current roof structure is performing adequately and the majority of the attic
is already insulated, insulating the eaves would not cause a significance to the roof snow load.
○Walls - Repair the masonry walls as noted above to improve the structural longevity of the building.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-46
• Preserve, repair, and replace extant architectural finishes to match in-kind.
○Repair and refinish interior plastered surfaces and wood trims;
○Protect interior wood finishes - install blinds/window coverings throughout;
○Refinish all worn painted surfaces - consider conducting a paint analysis to inform original color
schemes to use when repainting interior and exterior features;
• Provide mechanical, electrical, and plumbing upgrades as necessary.
• Provide insulation for attic HVAC ducts to improve system efficiency.
• Explore preventative plumbing/drainage based on 2018 inspection.
• Upgrade exterior lighting to appropriate lighting levels for safety and security.
• Provide upgrades for security and safety.
○Upgrade all entry point locking for current and future usage needs.
○Evaluate video/audio monitoring systems for security and safety.
• Consider ADA-compliant access across all four levels, possibly elevator access (either on exterior or
interior) feasibility of
Vegetation
Original vegetation includes the lawn expanse with mature deciduous trees lining Euclid Avenue and 12th Street.
• Protect street trees along Euclid Avenue and 12th Street;
• Prune existing mature trees and replace missing or damaged trees using in-kind species similar to the
original form, texture and species;
• Consider native and low water use and fire resistant species along bermed edges;
• Monitor trees and vegetation with close proximity of the foundation for moisture damages.
3-47
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
These priorities do not diminish the necessity to complete all recommendations to protect the structure over the
long-term, but rather highlight the current highest priorities.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of contributing and character-defining features.
• Assess structural integrity of chimneys based on visual inspection of deteriorate stones on the exterior.
Undertake repairs as needed and rake and repoint mortar joints.
• Install window treatments to prevent uv damnage to interior surfaces increase security, and provide
energy efficiency.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of contributing and character-defining features of Harbeck-Bergheim
House.
• Remove efflorescence from basement walls and further investigate water infiltration through foundation
walls. Evaluate exterior grading for proper drainage and make improvements as needed.
• Repair wood windows casings and sills. Replace wood window casings and wood sills if repair is not
adequate.
Harbeck-Bergheim House 3-48
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
City of Boulder, "Harbeck-Bergheim House History at a Glance," 2019.
City of Boulder. Harbeck-Bergheim House, City and County of Boulder, bouldercolorado.gov/parks-rec/harbeck-
bergheim-house.
Colorado Historical Society. 1206 Euclid Avenue Historic Building Inventory Records. Office of Archaeology and
Historic Preservation. Boulder: Boulder (Colo.), 1979.
Colorado Historical Society. Colorado Cultural Resource Management: Reevaluation Form for 5BL620.
Denver: Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, 1992.
CSC. Historic Structure Report: Building Condition Evaluation: Harbeck House Exterior. CSC. 1991.
Liz Hallas to Tina Briggs and Caitlin Berube-Smith. Memo of Interior Character Defining Features - Harbeck-
Bergheim House. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks and Recreation, 2001.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “Preservation Brief 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic
Masonry Buildings.” https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1739/upload/preservation-brief-02-repointing.pdf
University of Colorado Boulder. Aerial Photographs of Colorado. Luna Imaging.
BOULDER FIRE STATION NO. 2
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
RATIO Architects, Inc.
• David Kroll, AAIA, Director of Preservation
• Leanna De La Torre, AIA, Architect
• Ashley Russell, Historic Preservation Specialist
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, RATIO, and JVA. Historic photographs (pre-
2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local
History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ........................................................4-4
Property Overview ..............................................................4-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............4-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................4-6
History & Significance ........................................................4-7
Integrity ...............................................................................4-10
Existing Condition ..............................................................4-12
Landscape Condition ...................................................4-12
Architectural Description ..............................................4-12
Architectural Condition ................................................4-13
Structural Condition ......................................................4-19
Additional Images .............................................................4-22
Sketches .............................................................................4-26
Treatment ...........................................................................4-28
Resources ...........................................................................4-31
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Boulder Fire Station No. 2 in Boulder, Colorado, 1938 (source: University of Colorado Boulder: Aerial
Photographs of Colorado)
Aurora Ave
Cascade AveLincoln Pl10th St11th St12th St13th St9th StBaseline Road
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology 1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and the National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
4-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
Sites(s)
x Buildings(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types
x Location
x Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
University Hill
Neighborhood
Site(s)
Building(s)
Fire Station No. 2
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion4
Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility4
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1908 to 1958
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Boulder Fire Station No. 2
University Hill neighborhood
1010 Aurora Avenue, Boulder, CO 80302
40.0035 / -105.2788
Lot 1-4 Less W 75 ft blk 26 University Place Old Fire Station on the Hill
1 Blk East of Academy Bldg
146331324002
.12 Acres / 5,378 SF
1908
Isaac T. Shockley, Architect
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
79-8
4455
January 01, 1980
5BL.1472
Architecture
Social History
4 If none are checked, no determination of eligibility has been made.
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Designation Boundary Description: Fire Station No. 2 is located between 10th Street and 11th Street on Aurora
Avenue in southwest Boulder, Colorado.
The designation boundary is the property associated with Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary of Fire Station No. 2, 2020 (source: Google Earth)
4-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is associated with the themes of Fire Protection Development and Architecture within
the City of Boulder, as well as in the wider context of the United States. The building was erected in 1908 in the
American Foursquare style that was a common design for residential buildings. Isaac T. Shockley designed the Fire
Station No. 2, as well as No. 3, in the same style around the same time; however, Fire Station No. 3 is no longer
standing.5 This unfortunate event has made Fire Station No. 2 unique and individual to the City of Boulder.
Background History
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 was erected in 1908 at the request of Fire Chief George Fonda, in the University Hill
Neighborhood of Boulder, Colorado. The fire department originally housed stables for the horses that carried
their wagons that were later replaced with fire trucks. The fire station was in continuous use for 50 years, until it
was replaced in 1958 with the larger, more modern station located at the corner of Broadway and Baseline. Fire
Station No. 2 was Boulder’s second municipal fire station and is the sole survivor from that era.6
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is currently used as a pottery studio for community use, education, and recreation.
The transition into a pottery studio began in 1958 when the City of Boulder Pottery Lab moved into the building
after the fire station had been decommissioned that the same year. The Pottery Lab was originally operated and
maintained by Boulder Parks and Recreation Department until 2015 when a local program, Studio Arts Boulder,
took over the Pottery Lab program, which has maintained it ever since. 7
Definition of the Context
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is associated with the themes of Architecture and Fire Protection Development. The
building maintains high historic integrity and reflects both the American Foursquare style, popular during the early
20th century in the United States, and the technical aspects of firefighting during the same time.
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The introduction of the fire station to the University Hill neighborhood was critical during a time when fire
protection was limited but often needed. The University Hill Neighborhood is a highly residential area. Before
sophisticated motorized equipment was invented, men and horses were the only power available for fire
protection. Frame buildings, gas lamps, and wood-burning stoves contributed to the constant fires that
threatened Boulder in the early days. The first organized fire protection department was created in 1871. Shortly
after Boulder Fire Station No. 2 was erected.8
Based on the period at which it was built, Fire Station No. 2's overall design was influenced by the American
Foursquare style. Most commonly, this form of architecture was utilized for residential dwellings in the early 20th
century; however, it was common in that era for stations to be designed to blend in with surrounding houses
of the neighborhood.9 This makes the Fire Station No. 2 unique to the University Hill Neighborhood, the City of
Boulder, and the nationwide story of fire department architectural development altogether. The character-defining
features of the Fire Station are reminiscent of other typical Foursquare style buildings with its simple, cubic shape
and floor plan, low pitched, hipped roof with a deep overhang, and a large, hipped central dormer.
5 Boulder (Colo.). Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, 1979-87. Fire Station No. 2 (Boulder, Colo.) Landmark Designation Papers, 2.
6 Ibid.
7 “History.” Studio Arts Boulder.
8 Boulder (Colo.). Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, 1979-87. Fire Station No. 2 (Boulder, Colo.) Landmark Designation Papers, 2.
9 Hafner, Katherine. “VA Fire Station Designated State Landmark.” Firehouse, The Virginian-Pilot, 18 Dec. 2019
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-8
Associated Property Types
Fire Station No. 2’s design is consistent with the American Foursquare style used in residential building design
in the early 20th century. It was typical for neighborhood fire stations to blend in with their surrounding
communities, which influenced Isaac T. Shockley to design Fire Station No. 2 in this way. He also designed Boulder
Fire Station No. 3 in the same style around the same time. This would have been the closest associated property
type to Fire Station No. 2; however, Fire Station No. 3 is no longer standing.10
Other landmarked examples of similar fire stations throughout the US includes the Norfolk Fire Station No. 12 in
Virginia.11 It was built in 1923 in a neighborhood that encapsulated the American Foursquare style in residential
buildings. This building is a simple two-story, masonry construction with a cubic shape and floor plan, low
pitched, hipped roof with a deep overhang and central front facing windows – similar to Boulder Fire Station No.
2. Another notable example is the Historic Hamilton Firehouse located just outside Cincinnati, Ohio.12 It was built
in 1910, two years after Boulder Fire Station No. 2, and has the same character-defining features.
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 possesses a high degree of integrity and retains integrity of location, setting, design,
materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. It remains in its original University Hill location. It's placement
on the site, specifically its scale, height, driveway setbacks and construction material, all work in harmony to make
it compatible with the surrounding residences. The building has retained much of its original character. Some
exterior additions (metal staircase & storage shed) completed since its original construction that do not seem to
obstruct the overall design of the building and are reversible. The building's interior has been slightly modified on
the interior to accommodate a pottery studio's needs and equipment. Most materials are original to the structure.
The workmanship of Fire Station No. 2 is consistent with the American Foursquare architectural style. The
structure is currently operated as a pottery studio as a space for community interaction and engagement. Since
the building remains intact, the feeling of walking through a historic space has been maintained. Fire Station No.
2's original signage and appropriate preservation has allowed the building to maintain its associations with the
growth and development of fire protection within the City of Boulder and the University Hill neighborhood.
Statement of Significance
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is significant for its associations with the growth and development of the fire
department in Boulder as well as contributing to the advancement of fire prevention in the early 1900s. The
structure is significant as an example of an American Foursquare style building designed by Isaac T. Shockley - a
locally well known architect. Traditionally, the American Foursquare style has been utilized in residential design,
however it was not uncommon for fire department buildings to mimic their neighboring architecture, which was
the case for the Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
Recommended Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is from 1908 to 1958. This period begins
with its initial construction in 1908 and ends in 1958 when the fire department relocated to a larger station.
10 Boulder (Colo.). Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, 1979-87. Fire Station No. 2 (Boulder, Colo.) Landmark Designation Papers, 2.
11 Hafner, Katherine. “VA Fire Station Designated State Landmark.” Firehouse, The Virginian-Pilot, 18 Dec. 2019.
12 Rutledge, Mike. “Historic Hamilton Firehouse Could Become New Home or Business.” Journal-News, Journal-News, 16 Jan. 2021.
4-9
Summary of Use
Historic Use
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 was erected in 1908 at the urging of Fire Chief George Fonda, in the University Hill
Neighborhood of Boulder, Colorado along the north slope. The fire station was in continuous use for fifty years,
until it was replaced with the larger, more modern station located at the corner of Broadway and Baseline in
1958.13
Date Event
1908 to 1958 Boulder Fire Station No. 2
Current Use
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 currently serves as a pottery studio for community use, education, and recreation. The
transition began in 1958 when the fire station was replaced with a more modern building.
Date Event
1958 to 2015 Pottery Lab
2015 to present Studio Arts Boulder
13 Boulder (Colo.). Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, 1979-87. Fire Station No. 2 (Boulder, Colo.) Landmark Designation Papers, 2.
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-10
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Boulder Fire Station No. 2 has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the
original construction within its period of significance (1908 to 1958) are present as they were historically. Integrity
is evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling,
and association. While Boulder Fire Station No. 2 retains integrity in most aspects, it has diminished integrity in
feeling as it no longer includes fire protection activities.
Location
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 remains in its original University Hill location since construction in 1908.
Setting
The site has remained similar to its period of significance, and remains within a residential neighborhood. Its
placement on the site, specifically its scale, height, driveway setbacks and construction material, all work in
harmony to make it compatible with the surrounding residences.
Design
The building has retained much of its original design. There have been some exterior additions (metal staircase
and storage shed) since its original construction that do not seem to obstruct the overall design of the building
and are reversible. The building has been slightly modified on the interior to accommodate a pottery studio's
needs and equipment.
Materials
The majority of the materials are original to the structure. The pressed metal ceiling tiles were added to the first
floor ceiling at an unknown date but likely not during it’s recommended period of significance. The roof has
recently been replaced with in-kind materials.
Workmanship
The workmanship of Fire Station No. 2 is consistent with the American Foursquare architectural style. The typical
characteristics of this style were represented its simple, cubic shape and floor plan, low pitched hipped roof with a
deep overhang, and a large hipped central dormer.
Feeling
The structure is currently operated as a pottery studio and creates a space for community interaction and
engagement. While much of the building's integrity has remained intact, the feeling of walking through a fire
station has not been maintained.
Association
The Fire Station's original signage and appropriate preservation has allowed the building to maintain its
associations with the growth and development of fire protection within the City of Boulder and the University Hill
neighborhood.
4-11
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source*
1871 First fire protection organization established in the City of Boulder.Fire Station No. 2
Designation Papers, 2
1908 Construction of Boulder Fire Station No. 2 completed.Fire Station No. 2
Designation Papers, 2
1958 Boulder Fire Station No. 2 decommissioned. Replacement was larger modern fire station built
at the corner of Broadway and Baseline. Boulder Parks and Recreation Department repurposed
Fire Station No. 2 into a pottery studio.
Fire Station No. 2
Designation Papers,
multiple
1980 Boulder Fire Station No. 2 designated a Local Landmark by the City of Boulder.City of Boulder Land-
mark L-79-8
1982 Small shed roof addition built on the east side of the building.Historic Structure
Report, 26
1987 The Historic Structure Report and Survey conducted recording existing condition of fair and
poor conditions. It is unknown if repairs were completed.
Historic Structure
Report, 26
1993 Fire escape addition on the north east facade of the building built.Central Records
1995 A fence approved as an alteration and added to the site.Central Records
1999 Fencing, a walkway and exterior lighting added to the site.Central Records
2006 Fire escape repaired and/or modified.Central Records
2014 Original cobblestone driveway replaced by concrete paving.Site Visit Notes
*Refer to Resources at the end of this section for sources.
Figure 1-3. Boulder Fire Station No. 2 at 1010 Aurora Avenue, with two fire trucks and a Ford automobile in front. On the
truck to the left (1915 White) are (left to right): Carl Burke, Frank Johnson, Asa Dunning, and Tommy Love. In the 1914 Ford
in the center are Chief Emil Johnson with Frank Urie at the wheel. On the 1913 Seagrave to the right are (left to right): Frank
Burke, Art Pettingill, and DeKalb Wellma (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-12
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Circulation
A paved concrete driveway connects Aurora Avenue with the building's front entrance. Flanking the driveway at
the entrance are two concrete paved sidewalks that extend along the east and west elevations, accessing the rear
entrance. There are no ADA-compliant parking spaces or routes around the exterior or interior of the building.
Architectural Description
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is a simple two-story brick building combined with a steep roof pitch and elaborate
dormer window. The first floor contains large wooden double doors that were formerly used to receive horses
and wagons as well as fire trucks in later years. The majority of the exterior windows are double hung. There is
one exterior door on the second floor that could have opened onto an exterior staircase at one point in time but
has since been removed. There is a wooden railing at the top of the second floor stairs as well as large built-in,
wooden storage spaces that were formerly used as the fireman’s lockers. All are character-defining features that
should be retained in future rehabilitation and reuse efforts.
Primary Materials
Character-defining features of Boulder Fire Station No. 2 include the brick masonry on the exterior and interior
walls, sandstone foundations, stone sills, lintels, and copings, asphalt shingle roof and dormers, wood framed
windows and doors, the original hardwood flooring on the second floor, interior painted plaster walls, and the
decorative pressed tin ceiling tiles.
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 has had minor rehabilitation and modifications since its original construction. These
include the roofing material replacement, replacement of the cobblestone driveway with concrete pavement,
the addition of a metal staircase, widening of the westernmost door on the north elevation for accessibility, and
a brick masonry addition on the east elevation. A decorative tin ceiling was added to the lower level that is not
original to the building. The upper level restroom is not original and has tile floors with FRP wall panels. The lower
level restroom has been refinished with floor and wall tile, and has grab bars added for the toilet. Much of the
interior finishes have remained the same. Bite marks from the fire department horses are visible on some wood
detailing located in areas where the former stable had been kept. The original fire pole was removed after the fire
department relocated. The fire pole's opening was covered with plywood, but it's indication is still visible from the
first and second floor. The workroom on the second floor retains the original floor finish, but the remainder of the
area has been covered by various types of non-original finishes.
4-13
Architectural Condition
Concrete
Floor Slab: The lower level floor slab appears to be in good condition. Furniture covers the flooring, however, from
what was observed, there was no evidence of major damage. A metal panel inset is in the slab near the lower
level restroom. A large trench drain extends north to south through most of the open floor area. These are both
in good condition.
Driveway: The cobblestones were removed and the driveway was paved in 2014. The driveway is in good
condition.
Roofing
Without roof access, the full conditions of the existing roof were not verified. Of what could be seen from ground
level, the existing shingles appear to be in good condition. The roof soffits appear to be in good condition. The
gutters and downspouts do not appear to be original to the building but are in good condition.
Figure 1-4. Linear floor drain, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-5. Steel panel in building slab,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-6. Roof, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-14
Figure 1-9. Stone detailing, 2020 (source: Ratio) Figure 1-10. Lintel below exterior stair, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-7. Brick at upper window, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-8. Sealant on brick, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Walls/ Finishes - Masonry
Brick: Overall the existing brick walls are in good condition. Joints appear to have been repointed at some time
in the past. Damage near the main entry door on the north end includes brick that appears to have been treated
for graffiti removal and is a darker color than the rest of the wall. The interior brick walls are painted and appear
in good condition. The center window on the upper level of the south wall is in poor condition and in need of
resetting and repointing.
Stone: Stone was used for window lintels, the water table and detailing throughout. The stone shows evidence of
weathering, but structurally and functionally are in good condition. One lintel appears to have been replaced with
concrete below the exterior staircase
4-15
Walls/ Finishes - Wood
Flooring: The main workroom on the upper level has original hardwood flooring. The flooring overall is in good
condition, however, a large portion of the floor has been painted over and some non-compatible material
replacements, such as plywood panels and mismatching wood, have occurred overtime.
Windows: The window frames are in fair condition. There is considerable damage on the windowsills throughout.
Many of the windows have interior storm windows installed. The wood window frames have mostly cosmetic dirt
and damage from the ceramic studio use. The lower level windows have been painted. One of the lower level
windows has sustained bite marks from where the horses had gnawed on the frame during the time when the
stable was still in use.
Doors: The main double garage doors at the north end of the building are the original doors. The wood is
painted, and the doors are in good condition. The side door on the east wall was cut to create access to the
added storage area/loading area. Some upper level doors at the south end appear to be original, and in fair
condition. The swing on several of the doors has been reversed. One door appears to have been repurposed to its
current location, but the top of the door was cut off to fit the existing frame.
Figure 1-11. Lower level window with horse
damage, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-12. Upper level window with
interior storm, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-13. Garage doors, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-14. Opening cut into
original east doors, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-15. Upper level restroom door,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-16
Lockers: The general forms of the original lockers on the upper level are intact, however many of the locker doors
have been removed for pottery storage. The smaller doors on top are all in place. The lockers are currently used
for storage and are in fair condition.
Finishes - Metal
Exterior Stair: The exterior stair is not original to the building. There is evidence that there was a previous exterior
staircase to the upper level that was installed in a slightly different location. The exterior stair is in poor condition.
It is not well secured to the building and is corroding in multiple areas.
Ceiling Tiles: The painted metal ceiling tiles are not original to the structure and were likely added after the period
of significance in order to look historic. They are in good condition. Indication of the fire pole opening is visible
from the first and second floors.
Figure 1-16. Lockers, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-17. Roof framing in attic, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-18. Exterior staircase, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-19. Evidence of previous
exterior stair landing, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-20. Lower level ceiling, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-21. Original fire pole location,
2020 (source: Ratio)
4-17
Mechanical / Electrical / Plumbing
The building has a mechanical system for heating and cooling that is not original to the building. Restroom
facilities are on both levels with an accessible restroom on the lower level. A variety of mop sinks/ paint sinks
are within the space for the ceramic studio. A building systems engineer will need to be procured by the city to
conduct a thorough analysis to confirm compliance and performance of exiting systems.
Most original lighting has been replaced with new fixtures or modified.
Figure 1-22. Mechanical unit, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-23. First-floor mop sink, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-24. Lower level accessible
restroom, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-18
Additional items
Tile: The lower level restroom has decorative tile finishes on the floor and walls that are in good condition. It is
unclear if this tile was placed during the period of significance. Further analysis will need to be conducted in order
to confirm before any replacement of tile in the future.
Loading/Storage Area: The lower level addition has two exterior doors, one at grade level, and one that is raised
for pallet loading. The pallet storage area is raised above floor level and is enclosed in a locked gate.
Interior Stair: The bottom steps are concrete with safety painting. Portions of the paint could use retouching, and
there is some damage to the corner of the steps. The main portion of the stair is wood, with applied metal treads
and nosings added to each step. The metal is worn, but functional. The condition of the wood below the treads is
unknown, but the portions of wood that remain exposed are in fair to poor condition.
Figure 1-25. Storage addition, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-26. Interior stair, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-27. Bottom of interior stair,
2020 (source: Ratio)
4-19
Structural Condition
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is a two-story building with a wood-framed hip-roofed and clay brick masonry walls.
Elevations and a Historic Structures Report prepared by CSC in 1987 were available during this assessment;
however, no structural drawings, original or otherwise, were available. The structural systems are described below
based on site observations and documentation of the structure.
Foundation
The foundation was not exposed or observed below grade, so the depth and presence of footings are unknown.
However they are likely continuous concrete or masonry strip footings.
Overall, the foundation appears to be in good condition based on the overall system performance; no step
cracking in the above-ground masonry walls related to foundation settlement was observed.
Roof Framing
The structure has a hip roof with a 7:12 pitch and a gable dormer on the north elevation. The roof framing
consists of wood trusses built of 2x4 members spaced at 24” on center. The roof is sheathed with original ¾”
board skip sheathing overlaid with a newer layer of OSB.
The roof is in good condition; there is no sagging or deflection to indicate structural deficiencies. The wood
framing appears to be in good physical condition showing no signs of deterioration.
Wall Construction
The building’s perimeter walls consist of load bearing multi-wythe red clay brick with red sandstone headers,
sills, and water tables. The mortar joints appear to consist of soft lime-based mortar. The brick is in a running
bond pattern with no visible header courses. It is likely that there are blind diagonal headers, which was typical
construction for brick walls in this era.
The brick and stone are in overall good condition and exhibit weathering consistent with their age. There are
cracks located at brick supported over the large transom window and at the first-floor entry door. The chimney’s
mortar joints exhibit more weathering than the rest of the building.
Figure 1-28. Front of Fire Station No. 2,
2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-29. Fire escape on east side of
building, 2020 (source: JVA)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-20
Floor Framing
The ground floor of the building consists of a concrete slab on grade. The floor framing of the second floor was
not exposed or visible during the observation and no structural plans are available. The framing likely spans 22’-
8” between the exterior masonry bearing walls and is supplemented by painted steel wide flange and channel
frames at the front, back, and middle of the structure. This floor supports a significant load from the pottery
kilns and storage on the second floor. At the stairway, there is a 2’-0” difference in elevation between the first-
floor ceiling and the second-story floor; this could indicate that the framing consists of wood trusses; though this
couldn't be verified.
The first-floor concrete slab on grade is in good condition. The second-floor framing system has a large span,
supports a large load, and was concealed during the observation, so its capacity has not been verified. However
it appears to be in good condition based on the overall system performance; there are no signs of deflection that
would indicate structural deficiencies.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The LFRS of the house consists of the building’s perimeter brick walls acting as shear walls and is augmented by
the steel knee-braced frames that offer some redundancy.
The LFRS is in good condition. It has performed well over the lifetime of the structure.
Other Structural Features
The site includes a non-original outdoor steel-framed stair fire escape with concrete landings leading to a second-
floor entrance on the east side of the building (Re: Figure 29). There are two brick masonry chimneys on the west
elevation, integral with the exterior bearing wall.
The fire escape is in poor condition and has significant corrosion at the angles and decks. The chimneys are in
good condition showing no signs of structural distress such as displacement.
4-21
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation Continuous concrete or masonry strip footings Good
Roof Framing Wood-framed trusses Good
Wall Construction Load bearing multi-wythe red clay brick Good
First Floor Framing First floor: concrete slab-on-grade
Second floor: unconfirmed, possible wood trusses
Good
Lateral Force Resisting System Perimeter brick shear wall with supplemental steel frames Good
Fire Escape Outdoor steel-framed fire escape stair Poor
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Roofing Asphalt shingles Good
Masonry Brick, stone Good
Openings Windows/doors Good to Fair
Finishes Hardwood floor, original lockers Fair, Poor
Additional Building Systems
Mechanical HVAC Not Assessed
Fire Protection & Suppression Not Assessed
Irrigation (Backflow preventer spray heads, etc.)Not Assessed
Electrical Lighting Good
Plumbing Restrooms, mop sink Good
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-22
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-30. Boulder Fire Station No. 2 Landmark Designation plaque, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-31. Front (north) elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
4-23
Figure 1-32. South and east elevations, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-33. South storage and kiln yard, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-24
Figure 1-34. Lower level interior looking south, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-35. Lower level interior looking south, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-36. Lower level pottery studio facing north elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
4-25
Figure 1-37. Upper level south pottery room looking east, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-38. Upper level south pottery room looking northwest, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-39. Top of interior stair, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-26
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SKETCHES
Figure 1-40. First Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
4-27
Figure 1-41. Second Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
83
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Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-28
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for Boulder Fire Station No. 2. This approach emphasizes
the preservation and repair of the structure, and allows for adaptive reuse and the addition of compatible
modifications to meet future contemporary needs. This section provides actions and recommendations to guide
the holistic preservation and rehabilitation of Fire Station No. 2 to ensure its future as a valued landmark.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and in
support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides treatment actions to protect character-defining
features, and repair features. Treatment recommendations identify where repair is needed to reveal historic
features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Work planned for the Boulder Fire Station No. 2 shall be guided
by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and accomplished by using
accepted preservation methods detailed by the Nation Park Service, and Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of
the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Treatment guidance describes necessary improvements and repairs to provide improved functionality of the
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 for continued public use and for improved operations.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 is historically and architecturally significant for its role in early fire prevention and for
its continued use as a community space. The building is characterized by its American Foursquare style. The
building was built during the development of University Hill neighborhood during a time when fire protection was
critical to establish for the growing City of Boulder. The building is a contributing resource to the University Hill
Community and the municipal history of Boulder altogether.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve, protect, and repair Boulder Fire Station No. 2’s contributing architectural and structural features
including characteristics that contribute to its historic character on the interior and exterior of the
structure.
• Maintain and enhance the current use or similar community use as a pottery studio.
4-29
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of individual characteristics of
Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
Buildings and Structures
Rehabilitate, stabilize, and preserve Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
• Preserve and repair extant character-defining architectural features in-place including brick masonry on
the exterior and interior walls, stone sills, lintels, and copings, asphalt shingle roof and dormers, wood
framed windows and doors, and the original hardwood flooring on the second floor.
○Clean and repoint exterior masonry walls and chimneys as needed using accepted preservation
methods detailed by the National Park Service . Replace masonry that is damaged beyond repair;
○Further investigate the roof and foundation conditions and make repairs based on findings;
○Remove non-historic coatings on contributing materials.
• Preserve, repair, and replace extant architectural finishes to match in-kind.
○Replace hardwood stairs.
○Consider restoring original interior finishes to the best extent possible. Conduct further research for
original material and finishes that may have been removed during later modifications.
○Consider restoring original wood lockers in their entirety.
○Future repair of the staircase should be done with in-kind materials.
• Preserve extant structural features in-place.
○Floor Framing - Investigate the second floor framing by carefully removing some first floor ceiling
or second floor flooring finishes in whole pieces so as to protect the historic materials. Once the
configuration of the framing is known, a structural analysis can be performed to determine the load
capacity of the floor and the extent of strengthening necessary to support the kilns and storage
currently located on the second floor.
○Walls - Rake out deteriorated mortar joints in the walls and chimneys and repoint with a compatible
mortar as determined by a mortar analysis of a sample of the original mortar. Note the mortar will
require periodic maintenance; Shore the transom window with a steel lintel, slide in a larger bearing
plate at either end, pin the masonry near the side of the window, and replace any cracked brick
units.
○Other Structural Elements - Remove any rust from the exterior steel fire escape with a wire brush.
Recoat the steel with a zero VOC cold-galvanizing paint. If any members or portions of the deck are
corroded beyond structural repair, replace in-kind.
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-30
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
These priorities do not diminish the necessity to complete all recommendations to protect the structure over the
long term, but rather highlight the current highest priorities.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
• Further investigate second floor framing and strengthen as necessary.
• Repair exterior steel fire escape.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of Boulder Fire Station No. 2.
• Repair corroding lintels and deteriorating mortar joints in brick masonry.
• Conduct feasibility study for adding an elevator or a lift for accessibility.
4-31
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
Boulder (Colo.). Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board. Fire Station No. 2 Designation Papers. Boulder, CO:
Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board, 1979.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
CSC. Historic Structure Report: Fire Station No. 2, Boulder, Colorado. CSC. 1987.
Hafner, Katherine. “VA Fire Station Designated State Landmark.” Firehouse, The Virginian-Pilot, 18 Dec. 2019,
www.firehouse.com/stations/news/21118731/norfolk-va-fire-station-12-designated-state-landmark-
firefighters.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
Rutledge, Mike. “Historic Hamilton Firehouse Could Become New Home or Business.” Journal-News, Journal-
News, 16 Jan. 2021, www.journal-news.com/news/historic-hamilton-firehouse-could-become-
new-home-or-business/GSQ34ZPH5ZGUXHCESOH–––XWRX5EQ/.
Studio Arts Boulder. “History.” www.studioartsboulder.org/history.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “Preservation Brief 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic
Masonry Buildings.” https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1739/upload/preservation-brief-02-repointing.pdf
Boulder Fire Station No. 2 4-32
RONEY FARMHOUSE
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
RATIO Architects, Inc.
• David Kroll, AAIA, Director of Preservation
• Leanna De La Torre, AIA, Architect
• Ashley Russell, Historic Preservation Specialist
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
PaleoWest, LLC.
• Autumn Cool, MA, RPA
• Sarah Simeonoff, MA, RPA
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, RATIO, JVA, and PaleoWest. Historic
photographs (pre-2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch
Library for Local History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ........................................................5-4
Property Overview ..............................................................5-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............5-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................5-6
History & Significance .........................................................5-7
Integrity ...............................................................................5-12
Existing Condition ..............................................................5-13
Landscape Condition ...................................................5-13
Architectural Description ..............................................5-14
Architectural Condition ................................................5-15
Structural Condition ......................................................5-20
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ............5-23
Additional Images .............................................................5-24
Sketches .............................................................................5-27
Treatment ...........................................................................5-29
Resources ...........................................................................5-32
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Roney Farmhouse located in the Valmont Community, 1999 (source: Memorandum for 5227 Valmont Road)*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Roney Farmhouse 5-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology 1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
5-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
x Sites(s)
x Buildings(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Valmont City Park
Building(s)
Roney Farmhouse
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion4
Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1910 to 1968
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Roney Farmhouse
Valmont City Park
5172 Valmont Road, Boulder, Colorado 80302
40.0290 / -105.2329
TR 1655 & TR 1655 C & TR 1655 D 28-1N-70 LESS 0.11 ACS M/L TO
Boulder County Rec 478346 Total 16.00 ACS M/L See ID 29943 1983/
OWNER
146328000004
NA
1910
Unknown
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
99-2
7017
November 09. 1999
5BL.6881
Agriculture
Architecture
Transportation
4 If none are checked, no determination of eligibility has been made.
Roney Farmhouse 5-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Roney Farmhouse is located in its original location situated among four of east Boulder's most historically
important land features: Valmont Road, North Boulder Farmers Ditch, the Boulder and Left Hand Ditch, and
Denver and Boulder Valley Railroad. The designated boundary includes Roney Farmhouse and its immediate
surroundings.
Figure 1-2. Roney Farmhouse along Valmont Road, 2021(source: Google Earth)
5-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Roney Farmhouse is historically significant for its role in the agricultural development of the Valmont community,
and architecturally significant as an intact example of an early 20th century farmhouse as reflected in its
vernacular hipped-box design, simple wood-framed construction, and prominent front porch.5 The farmhouse
remains in its original location, set back from Valmont Road by approximately 30 feet.6 Roney Farmhouse is the
only historic farmhouse in the Valmont community, making it a unique piece of history to the Valmont community
and city of Boulder.
Background History
The property was homesteaded by Joseph D. Fowler in 1865, although little is known about Fowler or his lifestyle.
The property remained undeveloped until the late 1890s when the Inland Oil and Refining Company purchased
the property and built an oil refinery (since demolished) located south of the farmhouse. James Roney moved
to Boulder from Kansas in the early 1880s and found work as a sawmill laborer. In 1887 Roney married Mabel
Copes and they had four children: Roy, Curtis, John, and Robert. In the early 1900s James Roney moved his family
from Ward to the Valmont community and began leasing approximately 36 acres from the Inland Oil and Refining
Company. In 1910 Roney built the farmhouse on the northern edge of this property, fronting Valmont Road.
Roney built several outbuildings and established a dairy and poultry farm that the family operated until the 1960s.
All structures have since been demolished. Roney bought the 36-acre farm outright in 1915. James Roney also
served as undersheriff for Boulder County starting in 1918.7
James’ son, Robert, grew up on the family farm where he helped raise dairy cows and poultry. In 1927 he married
Boulder native Ruby Sellers, the great-granddaughter of Boulder pioneer James King. Robert and Ruby Roney
lived in the farmhouse from 1927 until the late 1960s. In addition to farming Robert and Ruby worked for the
Post Office, delivering mail to several mountain communities. In 1939 the Roney’s helped establish the Pow Wow
Rodeo (then the third-largest rodeo in the country). Robert Roney died in 1968, after which his wife moved to
Niwot. She passed away in 1992.8 The Roney family sold the farm in 1972 to Kenneth C. Schneider who sold the
property to the Boulder Parks and Recreation Department in the 1990s.9
Definition of the Context
Roney Farmhouse and its setting are associated with the themes of Architecture and Agricultural Development.
Roney Farmhouse is an intact example of early 20th century vernacular farmhouse construction. Its associations
with the Roney Family played a valuable role in the development of the Valmont community and agriculture
within the City of Boulder. Roney Farmhouse is situated among four of east Boulder's most historically important
land features: Valmont Road, the North Boulder Farmers Ditch, the Boulder and Left Hand Ditch, and the Denver
and Boulder Valley Railroad.
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
Roney Farmhouse is located in east Boulder in an area known as the Valmont community. The Valmont
community was founded in 1860 by a group of former miners seeking their fortunes in agriculture. The town of
Valmont, plotted in 1865, started as a farming community. For a brief period in the 1860s, Valmont's population
actually surpassed that of Boulder. Roney Farmhouse is significant for its relationship to three key land features
in east Boulder: North Boulder Farmers Ditch, Boulder and Left Hand Ditch, and Denver and Boulder Valley
Railroad.10 The water supply was supplemented in 1873 with the construction of the Boulder and Left Hand
Ditch, which runs nearly parallel to the Farmers Ditch north of Roney Farmhouse. The Roney property was served
by an irrigation canal, called the Young Ditch, which drew water from the Farmers Ditch.11
5 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road, 4.
6 Ibid., 3.
7 Ibid., 2.
8 Ibid., 3.
9 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder (Colo.) Office of Arts and Culture, 7.
10 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road, 3.
11 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road, 3.
Roney Farmhouse 5-8
Roney Farm was bounded to the south by the Denver and Boulder Valley Railroad, which was also built in 1873
and later acquired by Union Pacific. The railroad was the first to connect Boulder and Denver by train and played
an important role in the transport of agricultural products from Valmont to Boulder. 8“In an interview recorded
a year before her death, Ruby Roney recalled the trains passing through her family's farm during the Great
Depression, loaded with men headed to Boulder looking for work.”12
Valmont Road was built in the early 1860s to move agricultural products from outlying farm communities to
markets in Boulder. The importance of the road as an agricultural trading route is reflected in the placement of
many farmhouses along Valmont Road, such as Roney Farmhouse.13
Associated Property Types
Roney Farmhouse was built in the typical Vernacular Farmhouse style of the early 20th century. This structure
is reminiscent of other farmhouses built during this time throughout Colorado that can still be seen in most
rural communities today. Many farmhouses possessing this architectural style no longer exist in the Valmont
Community making Roney Farmhouse it a truly unique within the remaining rural landscape. An example of this
style of architecture most similar to Roney Farmhouse is Platt Farmhouse, which still exists within the Valmont
Community today, but was moved from its original location in 2011. Like Roney Farmhouse, Platt Farmhouse is
modest in form, has a hipped roof with central dormers, and lacks architectural details.
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Roney Farmhouse is a modest, one-story farmhouse features a hipped roof, root cellar, a centered front entrance,
and a prominent front porch with a hipped roof. The front (north) elevation features a centered hipped dormer
with decorative scalloped shingles. The windows are double-hung with wood sashes. It features sandstone
foundations, clapboard siding, and wood framing. The original wood shingle roof has been covered with metal
sheet roofing. The original floors are hardwood and the interior walls are painted plaster. The ceiling is comprised
of painted plaster as well.
Roney Farmhouse possesses a high degree of authenticity and retains its integrity of location, design, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association. This building remains in its original location (the only extant early
Valmont community farmhouse). The surrounding landscape has changed from a farming community to a bike
park and commercial developments. However, the property and land to the south retain a rural character. The
farmhouse has been enlarged with two rear additions, both of which are compatible with the original structure.
Most of the original materials have remained the same, however many have been substantially vandalized. The
workmanship at Roney Farmhouse is consistent with typical vernacular wood frame structures built throughout
Colorado since 1860 as well as a good portion of the United States in the early 20th century.14 With an absence
of architectural features and details that can distinguish a specific style, these simple, modest homes are divided
into types according to floor plan and roof shape. This typical style of farmhouse is a small, one-story structure
with a hipped roof and usually a front porch. The general style and character of the farmhouse allows potential
for use as a community asset with rehabilitation. The farmhouse retains its associations with early agricultural
development in Boulder through preservation of the property.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., 4.
14 Ibid., 3.
5-9
Statement of Significance
Roney Farmhouse is historically significant for its role in the agricultural development history of the Valmont
Community, and architecturally significant as an intact example of an early 20th century farmhouse as reflected in
its vernacular hipped-box design, simple wood-framed construction, and prominent front porch.15 The farmhouse
remains in its original location, set back from Valmont Road approximately 30-feet.16 It is the only historic
farmhouse in the Valmont community remaining it is original location, making it a unique piece of history to the
Valmont community and city of Boulder.
Roney Farmhouse is significant for the role it played in the development of the Valmont Community within the
City of Boulder since the early 1900s and its associations with the Roney Family. This farmhouse is located along
Valmont Road in east Boulder in an area generally known as the Valmont Community. Like other farmhouses of
its era, it was located in a community that was established to facilitate agricultural trade between Boulder and its
outlying farm communities.17 In the early 1900s, James Roney moved to the Valmont Community and built the
farmhouse that fronts Valmont Road today. Other than maintaining the farmhouse and land, James Roney served
as undersheriff for Boulder County starting in 1918. His son, Robert Roney, married Boulder native, Ruby Sellers,
and together they helped establish the Pow Wow Rodeo and served the wider Boulder Community by working
with the Post Office to deliver mail to mountain communities.18
Roney Farmhouse is significant as an early example of a vernacular farmhouse within the east Bolder community
and the United States. It represents the typical vernacular wood frame structure built throughout Colorado
farming communities since 1860, as well as within many rural areas of the United States in the early 20th
century.19 Typical characteristics of this style include but are not limited to: simple modest buildings, usually small
one-story structures, hipped roofs with central dormers, and a front porch. This is the last remaining farmhouse
from east Boulder's early Valmont Community to remain in its original location.
Recommended Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Roney Farmhouse is from 1910 to 1968. The period begins with the
construction of the farmhouse and ends with the year the Roney family ceased occupying the farmhouse as their
residence.
15 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road, 4.
16 Ibid., 3.
17 Ibid., 2.
18 Ibid., 3.
19 Ibid., 4.
Roney Farmhouse 5-10
Summary of Use
Historic Use
The property was first homesteaded in 1865 by Joseph D. Fowler and remained undeveloped until the late 1890s
when the Inland Oil and Refining Company purchased the property and built an oil refinery to the south of the
farmhouse.20 In the early 1900s James Roney leased approximately 36 acres from the Inland Oil and Refining
Company. In or about 1911, he built Roney Farmhouse and established a dairy farm with several outbuildings, all
of which except for the farmhouse have been demolished.21 The Roney Family owned and operated the property
until 1968. The Roney Family sold the farm in 1972 to Kenneth C. Schneider.22
Date Event
1865 to Unknown Property homesteaded by Joseph D. Fowler
1911 to 1968 Roney family builds and owns Roney Farmhouse and property
1972 to late 1990s Roney Farmhouse owned by Kenneth C. Schneider
Current Use
Boulder Parks and Recreation Department acquired Roney Farmhouse (in the 1990s at the same time as they
acquired Platt Farmhouse). Roney Farmhouse currently sits abandoned in its original location. The property is
maintained by the Boulder Parks and Recreation Department and monitored by Boulder Police Department.
In recent years, the city has commissioned redevelopment plans for Valmont City Park that have included its
rehabilitation for future use.23
Date Event
1990s to present Owned by the City of Boulder
20 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road. City of Boulder Parks Department, 2.
21 Ibid, 2.
22 Ibid, 3.
23 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder (Colo.) Office of Arts and Culture, 7.
5-11
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source*
1865 The property homesteaded by Joseph D. Fowler Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 2
1900s James Roney moved to the Valmont Community and leased 36-acres of land from the Inland
Oil and Refinery Co.
Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 2
1910 James Roney built the farmhouse.Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 2
1915 James Roney bought the property outright.Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 2
1920s to
1990s
Sometime between 1920 and 1970, two rear additions were added, dates unknown. Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 4
1968 Robert Roney passed away in 1968 and Ruby Roney relocated to Niwot.Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 3
1972 Kenneth C. Schneider purchased the property.Memorandum for
5172 Valmont Rd, 3
1990s Boulder Parks and Recreation Department acquired the property.East Boulder Inventory
and Analysis Report, 7
1999 Roney Farmhouse designated a local landmark by the City of Boulder.City of Boulder
Landmark L-99-2
* Refer to resources at the end of this section for sources.
Roney Farmhouse 5-12
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Roney Farmhouse has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the original
construction within its period of significance (1911 to 1968) are present as they were historically. Integrity is
evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling,
and association. Roney Farmhouse retains integrity in location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling and
association. Roney Farmhouse has diminished integrity in setting due to encroaching development.
Location
Roney Farmhouse is the only farmhouse in the Valmont community to remain in its original location since
construction.
Setting
The surrounding landscape to the north has drastically changed from a farming community to a bike park.
The land directly south has remained primarily open, but no longer used for agriculture. To the east and west
of the property are new commercial developments. The Roney House is currently planned to be integrated
into the Valmont City Park development. The farmhouse will remain in its original location as part of this new
development. This farmhouse has diminished integrity due to the encroaching new developments and increased
automobile traffic along Valmont Road.
Design
The farmhouse has been enlarged with two rear additions, both of which are compatible with the original
structure. The first addition, which abuts the original structure, spans the length of the rear elevation and features
a shed roof with a 3.5/12 pitch. The second addition was originally built as a back porch adjoining the shed-
roof addition. The porch, which has since been enclosed, has a shed roof with a shallow 1.5/12 pitch. The exact
date of the additions and enclosure are unknown, but these elements were included as part of the landmark
designation in 1999.
Materials
The majority of the original materials have remained the same, however many have been substantially vandalized.
Workmanship
Workmanship is consistent with the typical vernacular wood frame structure built throughout Colorado since
1860 as well as a good portion of the United States in the early 20th century. With an absence of architectural
features and details that can distinguish a specific style, these simple, modest homes are divided into types
according to floor plan and roof shape. This typical style of farmhouse is a small, one-story structure with a hipped
roof and usually a front porch.24
Feeling
Although current state of the farmhouse is dilapidated, the style and character of the farmhouse remains as it was
historically with the potential for rehabilitation as a community asset.
Association
Roney Farmhouse retains its associations with the Roney family and early agricultural development in Boulder.
24 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser, Memorandum for 5172 Valmont Road, City of Boulder Parks Department, 4.
5-13
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Spatial Organization
Roney Farmhouse remains in its original location and orientation to Valmont Road. The surrounding landscape to
the north has changed from a farming community to a bike park. The land directly south is primarily open, but is
no longer zoned for agricultural uses. Commercial developments are to the east and west of the property.
Circulation
Roney Farmhouse circulation includes a paved driveway on the site's northeast corner and deteriorated concrete
sidewalks at the building's front and rear entrances. Neither are ADA-compliant. The basement is accessed from
concrete stairs flanked by stone abutment walls on the exterior. A deteriorated flagstone and concrete patio is on
the building's south side.
Small-Scale Features
A remanent concrete foundation for a non-extant fence is on the property's east edge and is in poor condition.
A concrete trough is in fair condition, a clothesline post is in poor condition, and a well/cistern are in poor
condition. A chainlink fence and gate cross the driveway and extend along the west side of the building.
Vegetation
Plantings include deciduous trees on the east and south sides of Roney Farmhouse. One tree could potentially
be a Heritage Tree based on its age and association with the Roney Farmhouse. The remains of a garden are
southeast of the building and include an apple tree and rose.
Figure 1-3. Concrete sidewalk, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)Figure 1-4. Potential Heritage Tree, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Roney Farmhouse 5-14
Architectural Description
This modest one-story farmhouse features a hipped roof, root cellar, a centered front entrance, and a prominent
front porch with a hipped roof, all of which are character-defining features of the structure. Additional character-
defining features of the Roney Farmhouse include a centered hipped dormer with decorative scalloped shingles
located on the front (north) elevation and the double hung windows and sashes.
Primary Materials
Character-defining features of the Roney Farmhouse include sandstone foundations, clapboard siding, wood
framing, shingle roof, original hardwood flooring, and interior painted plaster walls and ceilings.
Many original materials have remained since original construction; however vandalism has substantially damaged
original finishes and fixtures. The original shingle roof was covered with steel sheet roofing panels. Many
openings are boarded up with plywood. The rear of the farmhouse has two additions that are not original but
could have been built during the recommended period of significance
Figure 1-5. North and west elevations at Roney Farmhouse, 5172 Valmont Road, early 1900s. (source: Carnegie
Library for Local History)
5-15
Figure 1-6. Damaged concrete sidewalk, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-7. North porch and step, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-8. Cracks at building foundation, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-9. Cracks at basement stair, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Architectural Condition
Concrete
Porch Slabs: The concrete slab and foundation of the porch appears to be in good condition. There is some
damage to the edge of the slab and the step below, however, this appears minimal and pure aesthetic in nature.
At the rear of the building, a step and short sidewalk extends out from the back door. The step is in good
condition, but the sidewalk has a large hole, a corner missing, and is in poor condition.
Stone
Building foundations and basement walls: Overall, the building foundations are in fair condition. A few areas on
the south end require major repairs. The basement walls don’t show any major cracks or damage, but the top of
the stair wall has a notable crack that extends down half the length of the wall.
Roney Farmhouse 5-16
Wood
Siding: The existing wood siding varies in condition. On the south end of the building, the wood siding is in poor
condition, with a large amount of the paint missing, the boards are worn and weather damaged, and areas
are covered with plywood, with greater damage presumed below the plywood panels. The portions of siding
contained within the enclosed porch area are in good condition. The remaining exterior siding walls are in poor to
fair condition with paint missing and notable wear, but no large areas of concern.
Exterior Columns: Along the front of the farmhouse (north side) are four columns that support the porch roof.
The columns are in poor condition and all four have considerable wear and weather damage. Of most concern is
the bottom of each of the columns.
Figure 1-10. South wall siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-11. West wall siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-12. North wall siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-13. East wall siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)
5-17
Framing: From what could be seen in both the attic and the basement, the wood framing is in good condition.
Windows: All window exteriors on the main level were boarded up at the time of the site visit, and therefore
unable to be inspected. The interiors of the wood windows are more visible but covered with a transparent plastic
sheeting material. From what was observed, the wood windows appear to be in fair condition. Due to the state
of the windows, functionality was unable to be tested. The existing dormer window was not boarded. From what
could be seen of the exterior, the window is in fair to poor condition with visible damage to the wood sill, frame,
and sash. As seen through the attic, the interior of the window appears to be in fair condition with the exterior
damage not extending through to the interior.
Doors: A majority of the wood doors appear to be original to the farmhouse. The existing doors appear to be in
fair condition overall, though many have been vandalized since the building was abandoned.
Flooring: The majority of the farmhouse has wood floors, which are overall in fair condition. Some rooms have
substantial graffiti damage. The wood flooring in the south room addition is in very poor condition.
Wall Paneling: Wood wall paneling is the material of the closet walls of the south room. The wall is in poor
condition and has a large hole and a variety of other scratches and scuffs.
Plumbing
Figure 1-14. Roof framing, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-15. Main floor framing from basement, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-16. Window interiors, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-17. Wood doors, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Roney Farmhouse 5-18
The restroom and kitchen plumbing are in poor condition. As the building is not in use, the functionality was
unable to be verified. The restroom fixtures and finishes have been vandalized and show significant damage.
Roofing
The metal roofing panels appear to be in poor condition. The panels do not show major holes or cracks, but have
a large amount of rust. The roof flashing and sealant appears to be minimal or missing. The water tightness of
the roof was unable to be verified at the time of the site visit. There was no apparent evidence of water damage
inside the building on the ceiling or in the attic.
Figure 1-18. Wood wall paneling and wood
flooring, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-19. Vandalism on wood flooring, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-20. Kitchen sink, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-21. Restroom basement, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-22. Roofing, 2020 (source: Ratio)
5-19
Structural Condition
Roney Farmhouse is a one-story, hip-roofed, wood-framed farmhouse. Since its original construction, two shed
additions have been added to the back or south elevation. No drawings of the structure, original or otherwise,
were available during this assessment. The assessment of structural systems is based on site observations and
documentation of the structure.
Foundation
The farmhouse has a stone masonry foundation stem wall. The foundation was not exposed or observed below
grade, so the depth and presence of a footing is unknown, however, it is likely that the walls extend slightly
below grade and bear on a stone masonry footing. The front porch is constructed of a concrete slab on grade,
which is not original. Most of the farmhouse is built above a crawl space, however, there is partial basement on
the east side of the first addition. The basement has coursed stone masonry retaining walls and a concrete slab
floor, which is covered with dirt. The basement is accessed via an external staircase flanked by stone masonry
retaining walls.
The southwest corner of the building has settled; it is sinking and has cracked and rotated away from the
building. At this location, a gutter with no downspout focuses water at this corner, which has likely exacerbated
the settlement of the soil in this area. There are other minor cracks in the foundation caused by thermal
expansion, which are not of structural concern. A stone has been removed from the rear foundation wall,
compromising its integrity. The basement walls all appear in good condition, however the north retaining wall
at the access stair has a large diagonal crack near grade and a vertical crack the length off the wall next to the
door opening. The unreinforced stone masonry walls are likely inadequate to retain the soil beyond, causing these
cracks. There is also quite a bit of vegetation in close proximity to the structure that can harm the foundation over
time.
Figure 1-23. Southwest corner foundation settlement, 2020 (source: JVA)
Roney Farmhouse 5-20
Roof Framing
The original portion of the farmhouse has a hip roof with a 8:12 pitch and one hip-roofed dormer on the north
elevation and a low sloped hip porch roof to the north. The primary roof is framed with 2” x 3 1/2” rafters spaced
at approximately 24” with rafter ties of the same dimensions running in the north-south direction. The roofs of
the additions are monosloped shed roofs; the first addition, framed of 2x6 rafters at 16”on center, has a 4:12
pitch, steeper than the second shed roof that has a 1.5:12 pitch and is framed with 2x4 rafters at 24” on center.
The is no sagging or deflection to indicate structural problems with the roof; however, the second addition roof
does not meet current Code load capacity requirements. Several of the ends of the roof rafters of the second,
southernmost addition have rotted, which are exposed to the elements at the rear of the building where the
fascia board is missing. The metal roof has a significant amount of rust, especially on the lower sloped addition
and porch roofs. As this worsens, openings can form, allowing moisture to enter the roof and damage the
framing.
Floor Framing
The floor system in the original farmhouse consists of full sawn 2” x 8” (actual dimension) joists spaced at 16”
on center that span in the north-south direction between the stone stem foundation walls and a large timber
resting on grade at approximately the mid-point of the original building. The first addition floor system visible in
the basement consists of nominal 2 x 8 joists spaced at 16” also in the north-south direction between foundation
walls. The joists bear directly on the stone walls; there is no wood sill plate. The floor framing in the second
addition is dimensional lumber spanning in the east-west direction. The floor systems appear in good condition.
The timber supporting the floor joists in the original part of the farmhouse is resting on grade with no vapor
barrier. This condition can harbor moisture against the wood member and encourage decay fungi to flourish.
Figure 1-24. Original house roof framing, 2020 (source: JVA)Figure 1-25. Back of Roney House, note rusted metal roof,
2020 (source: JVA)
5-21
Walls Framing
The original structure and additions are constructed of wood framed stud walls. Only the framing of the original
structure was visible, seen from the attic to be 2’’ x 4” studs spaced at 24”on center. There is now a cripple
wall in the attic space above the location in the kitchen where the original exterior wall was removed when the
first addition was constructed. A supporting element beneath this cripple wall was not visible at the time of the
observation visit.
The stud walls are in good condition; however, the rear wall sheathing appears to be suffering from moisture
related decay where the gutter is missing. It is not known if the concealed stud framing beyond is deteriorating,
although it is likely given the level of decay of the siding. In the kitchen, it is unclear what is supporting the attic
cripple wall at the location of the removed original south wall of the farmhouse. This wall takes a significant
load from both the main hip roof and the shed roof of the first addition, so it is important that it is adequately
supported.
Lateral force resisting system (LFRS)
The LFRS of the farmhouse consists of the wood stud walls sheathed with exterior siding, as well as the wood
roof sheathing and framing. The existing LFRS is in good condition. It has performed well over the lifetime of
the structure; however, it likely does not meet current Code requirements. If a change in use is suggested, Code
required upgrades may be triggered.
Other Structural Features
The farmhouse has a brick masonry capped chimney in the center of the original space that now terminates in the
attic at the ridge of the hip roof. The remains of the chimney are in good condition. The front porch is supported
by a row of four columns. One of the porch columns has become dislodged and is not supporting the north edge
of the porch roof. All of the columns are rotting at their bases where in contact with the concrete porch.
Figure 1-26. Southwest corner of Roney house, note
foundation movement, 2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-27. Retaining wall at basement stair, note crack,
2020 (source: JVA)
Roney Farmhouse 5-22
Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural FeaturesTable 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Concrete Concrete slab on grade Fair
Stone Foundations Fair
Wood Wood siding, framing, windows, doors Poor
Plumbing Sink, toilet, tub/shower interior fixtures Poor
Roofing Metal roofing panels Poor
Additional Building Systems
Electrical Unable to be reviewed not assessed
Plumbing Unable to be reviewed not assessed
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural FeaturesTable 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description Condition
Foundation House: stone masonry stem wall, stone masonry basement retain-
ing walls; Porch: concrete slab-on-grade
House: Poor
Porch: Good
Roof Framing Wood-framed hip roof, shed roof additions Hip: Good
Shed: Fair
Floor Framing Wood-framed systems Fair
Wall framing Wood-framed stud walls Good
Lateral Force Resisting Systems (LFRS) Wood stud walls sheathed with exterior siding; wood roof
sheathing and framing
Good
Other Structural Features Chimney & porch Chimney: Good
Porch: Poor
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
5-23
Table 1-3: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features25
Feature Condition Contributing/
Non-Contributing
Circulation
Driveway Fair Non-Contributing
Patio Remnants Fair Undetermined
Buildings and Structures
Roney Farmhouse Poor to Good Contributing
Small-Scale Features
Chainlink Fence and Gate Poor to Fair Contributing
Fence Concrete (Foundation Wall (16 inches x 100LF)Fair Contributing
Trough Fair Contributing
Clothesline Post Fair Undetermined
Well / Cistern Poor Contributing
Vegetation
Remnants of Garden (Apple tree and Rose)Contributing
25 Refer to Appendices: Roney Farmhouse, Architectural Inventory Form for descriptions of the setting and site.
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Roney Farmhouse 5-24
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-28. Roney House Landmark Designation plaque, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-29. North and east elevations, 2020 (source: Ratio)
5-25
Figure 1-30. South and east elevations, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-31. Living room, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Roney Farmhouse 5-26
Figure 1-32. Exterior basement steps from interior, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-33. Pantry, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-34. Northeast elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
5-27
SKETCHES
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1-34
Figure 1-35. First Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Roney Farmhouse 5-28
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1-32
Figure 1-36. Basement Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
5-29
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the treatment approach for Roney Farmhouse. This approach emphasizes the preservation
and repair of the property, and allows for adaptive reuse and the addition of compatible modifications. This
section provides actions and recommendations to guide the holistic preservation and rehabilitation of the Roney
Farmhouse to ensure its future as a valued local landmark.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and
in support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides integral treatment actions that will protect
character-defining features, and repair features and the setting. Treatment recommendations identify where
repair is needed to reveal historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Work planned for the Roney
Farmhouse shall be guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties
and accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter
9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Treatment guidance describes necessary improvements and repairs to repair Roney Farmhouse for future use and
to stabilize the structure in the interim.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Roney Farmhouse is historically significant for its role in the agricultural development history of the Valmont
Community, and architecturally significant as an intact example of an early 20th century farmhouse. Roney
Farmhouse is characterized by its vernacular hipped-box design, simple wood-framed construction, and
prominent front porch.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve, protect, and repair the Roney Farmhouse’s contributing architectural and structural features
including characteristics that contribute to its historic character on the interior and exterior of the
structure.
• Work with staff and community stakeholders to plan for anticipated new uses and incorporation into the
Valmont Park Concept Plan.
Roney Farmhouse 5-30
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Roney Farmhouse. This
guidance is to be followed when proposing repair, modifications or rehabilitation of the farmhouse or property.
Spatial Organization
• Ensure any future new additions or modifications to the existing structure and landscape respect, and do
not diminish the farmhouse’s appearance or views.
Circulation
• Integrate access and circulation improvements to coordinate with future Valmont City Park development.
• Consider ADA-compliant parking and pedestrian access to building.
Buildings and Structures
• Preserve extant architectural character-defining features including sandstone foundations, clapboard
siding, wood framing, original shingle roof with steel sheeting, original hardwood flooring, and interior
painted plaster walls and ceilings and repair as needed to stabilize and prevent further damage.
○Continue to mothball building by boarding-up and securing all openings. Replace all current boards
and mothballing efforts as they are well worn and damaged
○Remove all debris and broken/discarded fixtures inside the farmhouse.
○Repair or replace foundations, siding, and roofing to address all conditions that are not
weathertight.
• Preserve and repair extant structural features in-place. Stabilize structural items noted to be in critical
condition and mothball the building until a new use is determined.
○Foundations - Replace missing foundation stones and mortar in place.
○Other Structural Elements - Reset all displaced porch columns; remove and replace all deteriorated
columns in-kind. Place the columns on post bases attached to the concrete porch to protect them
from future deterioration.
• Preserve, repair, and replace extant architectural finishes to match in-kind
○Repair and refinish all painted surfaces, plastered walls and ceilings, and wood wall paneling and
flooring.
• Provide mechanical, electrical, and plumbing upgrades.
○Reconnect electrical service to provide for safety/security lighting for site and interior.
○Consider restoring original light fixtures.
Vegetation
Vegetation includes the site's groundcover and extant trees.
• Routinely trim back all vegetation growth within close proximity of the structure;
• Remove debris and broken materials on the exterior including around the site, taking care to not remove
historically significant materials such as retaining walls.
• Remove overgrowth of vegetation;
• Provide additional support for soil retainage at the crawlspace access stair;
• Consider undertaking research to identify the location of original vegetation, including a potential
heritage tree east of the building.
5-31
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work or;
relevancy to other current plans.
These priorities do not diminish the necessity to complete all recommendations to protect the structure over the
long-term, but rather highlight the current highest priorities.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of Roney Farmhouse.
• Ensure proper methods are used to prevent additional damage to the building interior. Examples
include mothballing, water penetration, and unlawful entry.
○Mothballing shall use accepted preservation practices detailed by the National Park Service, and
in accordance with Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation Code), 9-11-20 B.R.C., which requires a
mothballing plan be reviewed and approved by the Boulder Landmarks Board.
• Stabilize porch columns and porch framing.
• Inspect and reinforce foundation, roof, walls, floor, and framing as determined by future
structural analysis. Provide repairs as needed.
• Improve site drainage.
Roney Farmhouse 5-32
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report. Boulder, CO: Office of Arts and
Culture, 2020.
Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5227 Valmont Road. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks
Department, 1999.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “Preservation Brief 31: Mothballing Historic Buildings.”
Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1993.
PLATT FARMHOUSE
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
RATIO Architects, Inc.
• David Kroll, AAIA, Director of Preservation
• Leanna De La Torre, AIA, Architect
• Ashley Russell, Historic Preservation Specialist
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, RATIO, and JVA. Historic photographs (pre-
2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local
History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ........................................................6-4
Property Overview ..............................................................6-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............6-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................6-6
History & Significance ........................................................6-7
Integrity ...............................................................................6-10
Existing Condition ..............................................................6-12
Architectural Description ..............................................6-12
Architectural Condition ................................................6-13
Structural Condition ......................................................6-18
Additional images .............................................................6-21
Sketches .............................................................................6-25
Treatment ...........................................................................6-27
Resources ...........................................................................6-29
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Platt Farmhouse in its current location (Yellow). Platt Farmhouse in its original location (Red) within the Valmont
community. (source: Carnegie Library for Local History)
Platt Farmhouse (original location)
Platt Farmhouse (current location)
Platt Farmhouse 6-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
6-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
Sites(s)
x Building(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types Location
Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Building(s)
Platt Farmhouse
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion
Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1908 to 1950
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Platt Farmhouse
Valmont City Park
3160 Airport Road (Formerly 5227 Valmont Road), Boulder, CO 80301
40.0311 / -105.2338
W 28 Ac of SW 1/4 SE 1/4 less TR 2753 21-1N-70 20 Acs less .28 acs
Boulder per rec #483849
146321000028
.25 Acres / 1,450 SF
1908
Unknown
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
99-3
7016
November 09. 1999
5BL.6882
Agriculture
Architecture
4 If none are checked, no determination of listing has been made.
Platt Farmhouse 6-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Platt Farmhouse was relocated to its current location in Valmont City Park in 2011. The designated boundary
includes only the building.
Figure 1-2. Platt Farmhouse within Valmont City Park, 2021(source: Google Earth)
6-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Platt Farmhouse is historically significant for its association with the Platt family and its role in the agricultural
development of east Boulder. Platt Farmhouse is architecturally significant as an intact example of an early
20th century vernacular farmhouse as reflected in its hipped-box design, simple wood frame construction, and
prominent wrap-around front porch. The house is significant for its proximity to the North Boulder Farmers Ditch
and Boulder and Lefthand Ditch, which played an important role in the agricultural development of the Valmont
community.5
Background History
Platt Farmhouse is located in east Boulder in an area generally known as the Valmont community. The subject
farm was originally homesteaded by James Rhoads, the son of the Boulder pioneer Joseph Rhoads, in 1872.6 It
is unclear if Rhoads and his family ever lived on the property. The farm changed ownership multiple times in the
1880s to 1990s until it was purchased by James M. Platt in 1896. The Platt family built the Farmhouse in 1908.
Platt and his family moved to Boulder from Iowa in search of new farming opportunities. He remarried after his
first wife died and had twelve children in total. In addition to farming, Platt served as Boulder County’s first water
commissioner. Upon Platt’s death, he passed along this position to his son, Thomas Platt, who also served as a
daily weather server for the National Weather Service.7
The Platt family lived in the farmhouse until the early 1950s. The Farmhouse was owned by the Howe Family of
Howe Mortuary and, later, Mr. Everett Wiehe until the property was finally acquired by the Boulder Parks and
Recreation Department in 1997.8 When the Parks and Recreation Department purchased the land, they proposed
moving the Farmhouse to facilitate the construction of a bike park to the north and east of the site.9 Originally,
the farmhouse was located on approximately 25 acres of rural, undeveloped land bounded to the south by
Valmont Road, Airport Road to the west, the Boulder County Jail complex to the north, and an industrial site to
the east.10 On March 3, 2011, the Landmarks Board approved a Landmark Alteration Certificate to relocate and
restore Platt Farmhouse. On June 3, 2011, the building was relocated from 5227 Valmont Road to 3160 Airport
Road, and the bike park construction was completed soon after.11
Definition of the Context
Platt Farmhouse and its setting are associated with the themes of Architecture and Agricultural Development.
The Farmhouse is an intact example of early 20th century vernacular Farmhouse construction and is associated
with the Platt family, who played a valuable role in the development of the Valmont community and agriculture
within the City of Boulder.
5 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum. City of Boulder Parks Department, 2.
6 Ibid., 3.
7 Ibid., 2.
8 Ibid.
9 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder (Colo.) Office of Arts and Culture, 6.
10 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum. City of Boulder Parks Department, 3.
11 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder (Colo.) Office of Arts and Culture, 6.
Platt Farmhouse 6-8
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The Valmont community was founded in 1860 by a group of former miners seeking their fortunes in agriculture.
The town of Valmont, plotted in 1865, prospered as a farming community. For a brief period in the 1860s,
Valmont's population actually surpassed that of Boulder. Platt Farmhouse site is significant for its relationship to
three key land features in east Boulder: North Boulder Farmers Ditch, Boulder and Left Hand Ditch, and Valmont
Road. The North Boulder Farmers Ditch was constructed in 1862 to divert water from Boulder Creek to outlying
farm communities. A second irrigation canal, the Boulder and Lefthand Ditch, was constructed in 1873 to parallel
the Farmers Ditch. The ditches played a vital role in the agricultural success of the Valmont area. Where originally
located, the Platt Farmhouse was situated approximately 40-feet north of the Boulder and Lefthand Ditch.12
Valmont's agricultural accomplishments also depended on reliable transportation. Valmont Road was built in
the early 1860s to transport agricultural products from outlying farm communities to markets in Boulder. The
importance of the road as an agricultural trading route is reflected in the placement of many farmhouses along
Valmont Road, such as Platt Farmhouse.13
Associated Property Types
Platt Residence was built in the typical Vernacular Farmhouse style of the early 20th century. This structure is
reminiscent of other Farmhouses built during this time throughout Colorado that can still be seen in most rural
communities today. Many of this style of farmhouses no longer exist in the Valmont Community making it a truly
unique occurrence within the remaining rural landscape. An example of this style of architecture most similar to
Platt Farmhouse is Roney Farmhouse which still exists within the Valmont Community today.
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Platt Farmhouse possess a high degree of authenticity and retains its integrity of design, materials, workmanship,
and association. This building was relocated to its existing location in 2011 for the construction of a new bike
park. It was placed approximately 700-feet west of its original location and at one of the main entrances to the
bike park.14 Although building relocation is never ideal, the property remains within the Valmont Community
and maintains its rural character. Most of the original materials have remained the same or have been replaced
with compatible materials. The workmanship is consistent with the typical Vernacular Farmhouse construction
throughout Colorado since 1860, as well as a good portion of the United States in the early 20th century. Since
the building was relocated, there is a feeling of disconnect with its original history. However, it still feels like a
prominent part of the community in its new location within the bike park. Through preservation and continuing
the Farmhouse’s story, the structure has retained its association with the Platt family as prominent members of the
Valmont (and wider Boulder) community, as well as its associations with early agricultural development in Boulder.
Statement of Significance
The Platt Farmhouse is historically significant for its associations with the Platt Family and the role they played in
the agricultural development of East Boulder. The house is an early example of a typical vernacular farmhouse
within the Boulder community. Character-defining architectural features of this building type include, but are not
limited to, the hipped-box design, simple wood frame construction and wood siding, a prominent porch, and
dormers. All features are extant at the Platt Farmhouse. This structure is one of the only remaining houses left
from the Valmont community, making it a unique occurrence within the Boulder community.
Recommended Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Platt Farmhouse is from 1908 to 1950. The period begins with the
construction of the Farmhouse and ends when the Platt family were no longer residents of the farmhouse in
1950, after which it changed ownership a several times and then leased to the City of Boulder who currently
owns the property.
12 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum. City of Boulder Parks Department, 3.
13 Ibid.
14 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder (Colo.) Office of Arts and Culture, 6.
6-9
Summary of Use
Historic Use
Platt Farmhouse property was originally homesteaded by James J. Rhoads who maintained the property until
1872. It is unclear if he or his family ever lived on the property. The property changed ownership multiple times in
the 1880s to 1900s until it was purchased by James M. Platt in 1896. Platt Farmhouse was constructed in 1908.
The Platt family lived in the farmhouse and operated the farm until the early 1950s. The residence was owned by
the Howe Family of Howe Mortuary and Mr. Everett Wiehe before being acquired by the City of Boulder.15
Date Event
1872 to 1880s Property was homesteaded by James J. Rhoads
1886 to early 1950s James Platt begins ownership of the property
Early 1950s to 1976 Howe Family ownership
1976 to 1997 Mr. Wiehe ownership
Current Use
Platt Farmhouse was acquired by Boulder Parks and Recreation Department in 1997. When the Parks and
Recreation Department purchased the land, they proposed moving the farmhouse to facilitate the construction of
a bike park to the north and east of the site. Originally, the farmhouse was located on approximately 25 acres of
rural, undeveloped land bounded to the south by Valmont Road, Airport Road to the west, the Boulder County
Jail complex to the north, and an industrial site to the east.16 On March 3, 2011, the Landmarks Board approved
a Landmark Alteration Certificate to relocate and restore Platt Farmhouse. On June 3, 2011, the building was
relocated, and the bike park construction was completed soon after.17
Date Event
1997 to present Ownership by Boulder Parks and Recreation Department
2011 to present Building relocated to current site and re-purposed
15 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum. City of Boulder Parks Department, 2.
16 Ibid, 4.
17 East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report, Boulder, 6.
Platt Farmhouse 6-10
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Platt Farmhouse has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the original
construction within its period of significance (1908 to 1950) are present as they were historically. Integrity is
evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association. Platt Farmhouse retains integrity in design, materials, workmanship, and association. Platt Farmhouse
does not retain integrity in location, setting or feeling as the building has been moved from its original location
and its orientation has changed.
Location
Platt Farmhouse was relocated to its existing location in 2011 during construction of a new bike park. The
building was placed approximately 700-feet west of its original location and at one of the main entrances to
Valmont Park.
Setting
The setting has changed from a farming community to a bike park. As part of the relocation, the orientation
of the building on the site was changed. In its original location the front door of the building faced toward the
irrigation ditch. During relocation, the house was reoriented so that the (original) south elevation is (now) facing
north. The original front door on the south elevation was relocated to the (now) south elevation so the door
would still face the irrigation ditch as it had originally.
Design
Platt Farmhouse generally retains a high degree of architectural integrity, especially from the south (front)
elevation. The addition of a large dormer and porch, as well as skylights were added to the structure in the 1970s,
however, they were all removed when the building was relocated.
Materials
Most original materials have remained. During relocation, the entry columns and porch were replaced in-kind
and a concrete ramp was installed for accessibility on the rear of the building. The farmhouse was set on a new
concrete foundation, and some windows and doors were replaced to match in-kind.
Workmanship
Workmanship is consistent with the typical vernacular wood frame structure built throughout Colorado since
1860 as well as much of the United States in the early 20th century. With an absence of decorative architectural
features and details that can distinguish a specific style, these simple modest homes are divided into types
according to floor plan and roof shape.
Feeling
Since the building was relocated, it no longer retains integrity of feeling, but remains a prominent part of the
community in its new location within the bike park.
Association
The farmhouse retains its association with the Platt family as prominent members of the Valmont (and wider
Boulder) community, as well as its associations with early agricultural development in Boulder.
6-11
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1872 James Rhoads, farmer and son of Boulder Pioneer Joseph Rhoads, homesteaded property of 25
acres. It is unclear if him and his family ever actually lived on the property.
Memorandum, 2.
1896 Property purchased by James M. Platt.Memorandum, 2.
1908 Platt Farmhouse was constructed.Memorandum, 2.
1950s Platt Family no longer resided in the Farmhouse.
Purchased by the Howe Family of Howe Mortuary.
Memorandum, 2.
1970s Large addition added to the west elevation that included a flat-roof dormer with two double
-hung windows, two narrow plate - glass windows, and a doorway exiting onto a projecting
balcony. Three skylights on east elevation added.
Memorandum, 4.
1976 Property changed ownership from Howe Family to Everett Wiehe.Memorandum, 2.
1999 Platt Farmhouse designated a local landmark by the City of Boulder.City of Boulder
Landmark L-99-3
2011 Platt Farmhouse relocated within the Valmont Bike Park to its current location and
rehabilitated.
East Boulder Inventory
and Analysis Report,
6.
Platt Farmhouse 6-12
Figure 1-3. Platt Farmhouse and outbuildings on original site, 1949 (source: Carnegie Library for Local History)
EXISTING CONDITION
Architectural Description
This a vernacular wood frame structure with painted wood board siding. The farmhouse reflects a typical
vernacular farmhouse structure with a hipped-box design, wood framed construction, wood siding, dormers, and
porch. A stair at the main entry leads up to the elevated wrap around porch. The hipped roof features sprung
(flared) eaves and two small shed roof dormers. All of these character defining features of the structure had been
retained during relocation efforts.18
Primary Materials
Character-defining features of the Platt Farmhouse include a central brick chimney (that was removed on the
interior), double hung windows with wood shutters, the asphalt shingle roof and dormers with wood shingle
siding, as well as original hardwood flooring and the interior painted plaster ceiling and walls.
During the relocation of Platt Farmhouse to its current location, the structure was rehabilitated and several
modifications were made. The building was placed on a new poured-in-place concrete foundation that maintains
an elevated space under the porch to provide an accessible crawlspace. The wood Doric porch columns were
replaced to match in-kind. Some original windows and doors were replaced to match in-kind. The walls were
repainted, kitchen and bathroom fixtures updated, and all existing appliances were replaced or added.
18 Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum. City of Boulder Parks Department, 3.
6-13
Architectural Condition
Concrete
Sidewalk: In the current building location, the rear (north elevation) entrance is accessed from an accessible
concrete ramp. The ramp was added when the building was relocated and rehabilitated and is in good condition.
The building entry on the south elevation has a concrete pad at the bottom of the stairs that is in good condition.
Building Foundations: The building and porch appear to have been set on new concrete foundations as part of
the relocation and rehabilitation. The concrete appears to be in good condition. Refer to structural analysis.
Figure 1-4. Concrete sidewalk at the accessible entrance, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-5. Concrete slab at the base of the stairs, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Figure 1-6. Porch and building foundations, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-7. Porch columns, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-14
Figure 1-8. Wood porch stair, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-9. Wood porch framing roof supports, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Wood
Porch Columns: The original wood porch and stair were reconstructed when relocated. The framing, columns,
railing, and stairs were constructed with compatible materials and designed to match the original construction.
The columns are in fair condition overall. The paint is peeling slightly at the base of the columns. The rails and
posts are in fair condition. The bottoms of the posts are showing signs of cracking and peeling paint. Areas
on both the top and bottom rails have peeling paint. To comply with the current code height requirements for
guardrails, a metal rail has been added. The metal rail appears to be in fair condition, maintaining its structural
integrity but showing large areas of rust.
Porch Flooring: The wood floor of the porch and the entry stairs are in poor to fair condition. The tongue and
groove boards are intact and functional, but are unfinished and showing considerable wear, weathering, and
warping.
Porch Roof and Soffit: The porch roof is in good condition. The wood soffit is in fair to poor condition. There is
considerable wear, weathering, and cracking and peeling paint on both the support beams and the wood soffit
material.
6-15
Exterior Siding: In general, the wood siding is in fair condition. Some discoloration is evident on the siding, as well
as a few small areas where the siding is damaged or the paint is missing.
Hardwood Flooring: Both levels of the interior have wood plank flooring, that appears in good condition. The
interior stairs have a wood finish. The stairs appear to be in good condition with the exception that a few nosing
boards are loose.
Figure 1-10. Wood siding, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-11. South elevation door,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-12. Hardwood flooring on the
first floor, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-13. Hardwood flooring
on the second floor, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-14. Wood treads and nosings,
2020 (source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-16
Windows and Doors: The windows and doors appear to be in good condition with no obvious signs of wear
or damage. Based on the City-provided building drawings of rehabilitation it appears the windows and doors
are a mix of both original and replacements. Replacement windows and doors appear to match the design and
materials of the original components. Recent work includes the addition of a sliding barn door and wood finish at
the first floor office.
Roofing
Shingles: The main portion of the roof is finished with asphalt shingles, which appear to be in good condition.
The upper dormers have an exterior wall finish of painted wood shingles. From ground level observation the
shingles appear to be in fair condition.
Gutters: The gutters and downspouts appear to have been replaced during rehabilitation. The gutter profile is a
half-round style, which replicates the gutter shapes in use when the Farmhouse was originally built. Both gutters
and downspouts appear to be in good condition.
Figure 1-15. Sliding barn door and infill wall, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-16. Wood shingle dormers, 2020 (source:
Ratio)
Figure 1-17. Asphalt shingle roof, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-18. Half-round gutters, 2020 (source: Ratio)
6-17
Additional Items
Tile Floors: Both the kitchen and the restroom have tile finishes. The tile is in good condition.
Mechanical: The swamp cooler and furnace for the building appear to be in working condition. They are located
in the crawl space below the building, that is accessed behind the slatted wood screens below the porch.
A building systems engineer will need to be procured by the city to conduct a thorough analysis to confirm
compliance and performance of existing systems.
Attic: The attic was partially renovated into an office space, likely at the time of relocation. The rest of the attic
remained unfinished and is accessed through access panels on the added partition wall. There are two wall panels
that appear to be the access for the unfinished attic space. In both access panels there is a hole cut into them. It
is unclear the intent of the holes or if there is a grille missing from these locations. Otherwise the attic spaces are
in good condition.
Chimney: The remains of the brick chimney above the roof are visually in good condition, however, a roof
consultant should conduct an analysis to confirm.
Figure 1-19. Kitchen area with tile floor, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-20. Restroom tile finishes, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-21. Swamp cooler and furnace in the crawl space, 2020 (source: Ratio)Figure 1-22. Attic access panel, 2020
(source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-18
Structural Condition
Platt Farmhouse is a one-and-a-half story wood-framed farmhouse, which has been moved from its original
location to a new location, at which time much of the structure was replaced and a second level addition was
removed. Structural drawings from the rehabilitation were reviewed during this assessment. The structural
systems are described below based on our site observations, documentation of the structure, and review of
existing documentation.
Foundation
The structure has new concrete foundation stem walls and concrete footings at frost depth. The foundation is in
good condition. It appears that the new concrete piers at the porch were coated in a finish coat to look like the
original piers which had a honeycombed surface.
Roof Framing
The farmhouse has a hip roof with curved eaves and a shed roof dormer on the front and back. The wrap around
porch has a shed roof. Most of the roof framing was replaced with new lumber during the renovation. The roof
framing now supports the historic masonry chimney remnant above the roof. The historic chimney below the roof
was removed during the renovation. The roof is in good condition. It was strengthened during the renovation and
is performing adequately.
Floor Framing
The first-floor framing system consists of dimensional lumber spanning between perimeter concrete stem walls
and interior stem walls or steel beams. The second-floor framing spans between bearing walls or LVL headers. The
original joists have been sistered or replaced with new lumber. The floor systems are in good condition. They were
strengthened during the renovation and are performing adequately.
Wall Framing
The structure has wood-framed stud walls and LVL headers. During the renovation the framing was updated to
comply with current codes. The walls are in good condition. They were strengthened during the renovation and
are performing adequately.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The LFRS of the farmhouse consists of the wood framed and sheathed shear walls, the wood floor diaphragms,
and wood roof sheathing and framing; it was updated to meet the ASCE 7-05 and 2006 IBC Codes for an office
occupancy. The existing LFRS is in good condition. It was strengthened during the renovation and is performing
adequately.
Other Structural Features
The farmhouse has a wrap-around front porch supported by wood columns. The rear entrance has an ADA-
compliant concrete ramp. The porch and ramp are in good condition. The paint on the porch's wood framing
elements is failing.
6-19
Figure 1-23. Front and west elevation of Platt Farmhouse, 2020
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-24. Porch piers wrapped in coating,
2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-25. Back and east elevation of Platt Farmhouse, 2020
(source: JVA)
Platt Farmhouse 6-20
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural FeaturesTable 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation Reinforced concrete stem walls and footings Good
Roof Framing Wood-framed system Good
Floor Framing Wood-framed system Good
Walls Framing Wood-framed stud walls and LVL headers Good
Lateral Force Resisting
Systems (LFRS)
Wood framed and sheathed shear walls, the wood floor dia-
phragms, and wood roof sheathing and framing
Good
Other Structural Features Wrap around porch and entrance ramp Good
Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features Table 1-1: Condition Assessment of Architectural Features
The building systems or roofs were not thoroughly assessed as part of the project scope as
this scope included field reconnaissance and not a full assessment.
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Concrete Exterior ramp Good
Wood Porch and stairs, siding Poor, Fair
Roofing Asphalt shingles Good
Additional Building Systems
Mechanical Swamp cooler and furnace Good
Electrical Lighting and power Good
Plumbing Restroom and kitchen sink Good
Fire Protection & Suppression Not Assessed
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
6-21
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-26. Platt Farmhouse Landmark Designation plaque, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-27. North elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-22
Figure 1-28. West elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-29. South elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
6-23
Figure 1-30. East elevation, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-31. Crawl space access, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-24
Figure 1-32. Attic space, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-33. South porch, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-34. Interior stairway, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-35. Attic space, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-36. East porch, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Figure 1-37. Kitchen, 2020 (source: Ratio)
6-25
SKETCHES
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1-5
1-7
1-6
1-8
1-9
1-11
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1-15
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-31
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Figure 1-38. First Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
Platt Farmhouse 6-26
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1-14
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1-17
1-22
1-32
1-35
1-34
Figure 1-39. Second Floor Plan, 2020 (source: Ratio)
6-27
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for the Platt Farmhouse. This approach emphasizes the
preservation of the property, and allows for adaptive reuse. This section provides actions and recommendations to
guide the holistic preservation and rehabilitation of the Platt Farmhouse to ensure its future as a valued landmark.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and in
support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides treatment actions to protect character-defining
features, and repair features. Treatment recommendations identify where repair is needed to reveal historic
features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Future work planned for the Platt Farmhouse shall be guided
by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and accomplished by using
accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of
the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Platt Farmhouse is historically significant for its association with the Platt family and for their role in the
agricultural development of east Boulder. The farmhouse is architecturally significant as an intact example of an
early-twentieth century vernacular farmhouse. Platt Farmhouse is characterized by its hipped-box design, simple
wood frame construction, and prominent wrap-around front porch. The house is significant for its proximity
to the North Boulder Farmers Ditch and the Boulder and Lefthand Ditch, which played significant roles in the
agricultural development of the Valmont community.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve, protect, and repair the Platt Farmhouse’s contributing architectural and structural features
including characteristics that contribute to its historic character on the interior and exterior of the
structure.
• Maintain and enhance current year-round use by leasing tenants and community rental spaces.
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of individual characteristics of Platt
Farmhouse. Treatment guidance is presented for the building only as the site is not included within its designation
boundary. This guidance is to be followed when proposing modifications to contributing features, to qualities that
contribute to the historic integrity of the property, and for existing features.
Buildings and Structures
Protect and preserve the farmhouse’s contributing features in their original locations.
• Preserve and repair character-defining features including the central brick chimney, double hung
windows, the asphalt shingle roof and dormers with wood shingle siding.
○Repair existing porch and exterior stair wood decking.
Platt Farmhouse 6-28
• Review original design/plans for the moving, renovation and restoration to determine if there are any
outstanding phases of work that weren’t completed during the original renovation and restoration
project.
• Preserve extant structural features in-place.
○No structural recommendations at this time for the foundation, floor framing, roof framing, wall
framing, or lateral force resisting system.
○Maintain envelope to ensure wood framing is dry.
○Keep vegetation away from the structure.
• Preserve, repair, and replace extant architectural finishes to match in-kind.
○Repair and refinish all painted surfaces.
• Maintain contributing structures and objects through regular maintenance including the following:
○Touch up all painted surfaces on a routine basis.
○Cyclical repair and replacement of broken or missing architectural and structural features and
finishes.
○Maintain weatherstripping of windows and doors.
○Roof sealants and flashing should be reviewed yearly (biannually at a minimum) to ensure water
tightness.
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
These priorities do not diminish the necessity to complete other recommendations to protect the structure over
the long-term, but rather highlight the current highest priorities.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of Platt Farmhouse.
• Repair existing porch wood declining and stairs.
• Install roof and soffit vents and paint soffits.
• Evaluate exterior paint for routine scheduled maintenance.
6-29
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
East Boulder Working Group. East Boulder Inventory and Analysis Report. Boulder, CO: Office of Arts and
Culture, 2020.
Holthouser, Neil and Ruth McHeyser. Memorandum for 5227 Valmont Road. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks
Department. September, 1 1999.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
Platt Farmhouse 6-30
MAY 2023
CHAUTAUQUA PARK
COLORADO CHAUTAUQUA NHL
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer II
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020, 2021, 2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop and JVA. Historic photographs
(pre-2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for
Local History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ........................................................7-4
Property Overview ..............................................................7-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............7-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................7-6
History & Significance .........................................................7-7
Integrity ...............................................................................7-12
Existing Condition ..............................................................7-13
Landscape Condition ...................................................7-13
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ............7-18
Structural Condition ......................................................7-20
Additional Images .............................................................7-26
Treatment ...........................................................................7-29
Resources ...........................................................................7-33
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chautauqua Park7-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation” (Wash-
ington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, “How to Nominate a Property to the
State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
Period of Significance
Date Range: 1898 to 1930
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark (Local Historic District)
_State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
x National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
x National Historic Landmark (NHL)
Chautauqua Park—BPR-owned and managed property within Colorado
Chautauqua NHL
900 Baseline Road, Boulder, CO 80302
Baseline Road and 9th Street, Boulder, CO 80302
39.5957 / -105.1653
PT NE 1/4 1-1S-71 75 AC M/L Land Under Chautauqua Park
157901100001
14 Acres / 609,262 SF (city-managed property)
Land purchased for Chautauqua (1898); Arbor (1908); Chautauqua Green
(1910); Loop Road (1912); Shelter House, Queen's Gate & King's Gate (1917)
W.W. Parce, Landscape Architect
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
HD-78-2
4382
September 5, 1978
5BL.361
78000830
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/ Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag(s):
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
** Summary is for the Chautauqua Green and inclusive of the City of Boulder managed property within the National Historic Landmark.
4 Martha Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," National Historic Landmark Nomination Form (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 2005), 46.
5 Ibid. Evaluation is based on this document.
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY**
7-5
Areas of Significance
x District(s)
x Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
x Structure(s)
x Object(s)
x Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
x Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Chautauqua Green
Building(s)
Structure(s)
Shelter House
The Arbor
Queen's Gate
King's Gate
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion 5
x Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
Listed
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
x Listed
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
Education
Entertainment / Recreation
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Chautauqua Park is within the 14-acres of property managed by the City of Boulder in the Colorado Chautauqua
National Historic Landmark (NHL). Chautauqua Park is the property managed by Boulder Parks and Recreation
(BPR) and includes Chautauqua Green, Clematis Drive, Sumac Drive, The Arbor, The Shelter House, Lincoln Street
Steps (Queen's Gate), Entrance Gate (King's Gate), and the playground, tennis court, natural area and parking.
The remainder of the 14-acres includes the Ranger Cottage, grounds and parking managed by City of Boulder
Open Space and Mountain Parks (OSMP). The remaining twenty-six acres of the Colorado Chautauqua NHL are
managed by the Colorado Chautauqua Association (CCA), and includes multiple cottages, the Auditorium, Dining
Hall, Academic Hall, and several gardens and features south of Clematis Drive. The CCA manages and preserves
this portion of the site for lodging, programming, and venues for private events.
The designation boundary of the property, Colorado Chautauqua National Historic Landmark, "includes all the
resources that were historically part of the Colorado Chautauqua and that maintain historic integrity."5
The HiPP addresses property managed by BPR known as Chautauqua Park in this document.
5 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 64.
The property was designated by the City of Boulder as Chautauqua Historic District, Ordinance Number 4382, on September 5, 1978. It was listed in
the National Register of Historic Places on March 21,1978. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 10, 2006.
Chautauqua Park7-6
Figure 1-1. Designation boundary, Colorado Chautauqua NHL in white and city-managed
property outlined in blue, known as Chautauqua Park. The HiPP addresses Chautauqua Park
and excludes the Ranger Cottage and its grounds and parking (source: Mundus Bishop)
Chautauqua
Green
PlaygroundRanger
Cottage
7-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Chautauqua Park and environs and structures managed by the Boulder Parks and Recreation are part of the
Colorado Chautauqua National Historic Landmark (NHL). The NHL is associated with the themes of “Creating
Social Institutions and Movements” and “Expressing Cultural Values,” with a period of significance for that
begins with its founding as the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua in 1898 and ends in 1930 when the National
Chautauqua Movement reached its nadir.6 The boundary of the NHL corresponds with the City's historic district
and includes the historic chautauqua grounds and all its resources.7 Colorado Chautauqua NHL is nationally
significant as an outstanding representative of the Chautauqua Movement, America’s first truly national mass
educational and cultural movement.8
Background History
Prior to 1898, the land that was to become the chautauqua was originally Batchelder Ranch, which consisted
of agricultural lands and a ranch property. Development of the chautauqua began in 1898 with construction of
multiple buildings including the Auditorium and Dining Hall, as well as an entrance at Baseline Road (known as
Park Avenue at the time). Several roads were graded at this time, including Clematis Drive (Texas Avenue) and
Kinnikinic Road (Chautauqua Avenue).9 The land that would become Chautauqua Park served as horse and
carriage parking during the early development of the chautauqua.10
In 1901 the Boulder Improvement Association hired W.W. Parce to complete a plan for the are that included plans
for Chautauqua Green (known as Tennis Park). Between 1908 and 1910 The Arbor was built along the north-
south pedestrian route and Chautauqua Green was seeded with grasses. In 1912 Sumac Drive was connected
to Clematis Drive to create a one-way loop road around the central oval lawn. Later improvements included
construction of the original playground (1913), Shelter House, Lincoln Street Steps (Queen’s Gate), Entrance Gate
(King’s Gate), and stone retaining walls connecting these structures (1917).11
Between 1930 and the early 1960s, Chautauqua Green remained relatively unchanged. In 1964, a tennis court
and a parking lot were installed east of the playground. Forty acres of the chautauqua, including the Chautauqua
Park, were designated as a City of Boulder Historic District and listed in the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP) in 1978.
The most significant change following the site’s 1978 listing in the NHRP was modification of the loop road within
Chautauqua Green to provide additional parking. The roadways were narrowed, several gutters were altered, the
entrance road altered, and two interior greenspaces were removed. In addition to these roadway alterations, the
Ranger’s Cottage and west parking lot were built.12 Following its designation as a National Historic Landmark,
relatively few changes occurred within Chautauqua Park except for improvements along Baseline Road (2017)
and an upgrade to the playground equipment (2020).
Definition of the Context
As part of the Colorado Chautauqua NHL, which is associated with the themes of “Creating Social
Institutions and Movements” and “Expressing Cultural Values,” Chautauqua Park is associated with the
chautauqua movement and the values expressed by the people who participated. The Chautauqua Movement
developed in the late 19th century to spread adult education to rural and semi-rural areas throughout the
United States. In addition to bringing educational opportunities to regions with limited access to post-secondary
education, chautauquas offered music and entertainment that allowed for further expression of cultural values
within rural communities.13
6 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 4, 45.
7 Ibid., 64.
8 Ibid., 46.,
9 Mundus Bishop, Chautauqua Park Historic District: Cultural Landscape Assessment and Plan (Boulder, CO: Colorado Chautauqua Association, 2004), 8.
10 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 6-7.
11 Mundus Bishop, Chautauqua Park Historic District, Appendix B.
12 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua,"8.
13 Mundus Bishop, Chautauqua Park Historic District, 27.
Chautauqua Park7-8
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
Colorado Chautauqua NHL developed as a response to the national Chautauqua Movement. The founders of
the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua located the site within a mountain setting provide a western chautauqua that
would allow for healthy living and access to recreational opportunities.
Associated Property Types
Hundreds of towns across the United States have parks or districts with the name 'Chautauqua.' This name
serves as a reminder to the original land use for many of these spaces. Many included large green spaces where
a chautauqua gathering would have occurred. However, few continue to offer Chautauqua-style programming.
Only six chautauquas remain in operation, including with the Colorado Chautauqua NHL, which displays the
highest degree of integrity of site, structures, and setting. The property exemplifies the unique western expression
of the Chautauqua Movement and remains the only continuously operational chautauqua west of the Mississippi
River.14
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Several of Chautauqua Park’s features retain integrity. These include Chautauqua Green and its oval lawn and
mature trees, The Arbor, Shelter House, Entrance Gate (King’s Gate), Lincoln Street Steps (Queen’s Gate), stone
rubble walls and stone gutters, and several landscape characteristics including natural systems and features,
topography, vegetation, spatial organization, circulation, and views and viewsheds.
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
Chautauqua Park Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The property
was deemed significant for its association with the national Chautauqua Movement and importance in the
development of culture within Boulder. In 2005 the property was designated as Colorado Chautauqua National
Historic Landmark, with significance as “an outstanding representation of America’s first truly national mass
educational and cultural movement.”15
14 "Chautauqua Movement History,” The Colorado Chautauqua Online, accessed February 25, 2021, https://www.chautauqua.com/2021/chautauqua-move-
ment-history.
15 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 27.
7-9
Statement of Significance
Chautauqua Park, as part of the Colorado Chautauqua (NHL), is an outstanding representation of the
Chautauqua Movement. Colorado Chautauqua NHL is significant under NRHP Criterion A and NHL Criterion
1 for its association with the Chautauqua Movement. Colorado Chautauqua’s landscapes are "an outstanding
representation of America’s first truly national mass educational and cultural movement. Chautauqua brought
post-secondary education to millions and teacher training to thousands at a time when less than two percent
of adult Americans held high school degrees, when primary and secondary teacher training was rudimentary,
unsystematic, or non-existent. Chautauqua, also brought prominent speakers, high culture, and popular
entertainments to non-urban areas that had never had such opportunities. While cities were growing more
congested, chautauqua emphasized the benefits of outdoor life. Between the founding of the Chautauqua
Movement in 1874 and its nadir in 1930, perhaps 45 million Americans had attended a chautauqua.16
Period of Significance
The period of significance for Chautauqua Park is the same as for Colorado Chautauqua NHL, 1898 to 1930. The
period begins in 1898 with founding of the Texas-Colorado Chautauqua and ends in 1930 when the national
Chautauqua Movement reached its nadir.
Summary of Use
Historic and Current Use
The area associated with Chautauqua Park was historically used as pasture of Batchelder Ranch and as horse
and carriage parking for Colorado Chautauqua. Chautauqua Green was built in 1910 and is considered
Boulder's oldest public park. The park was historically used as the site of educational, recreational, and cultural
programming. 17
Colorado Chautauqua NHL is currently used as a site for educational, recreational, and cultural programming, and
lodging. Chautauqua Green is a neighborhood park and trailhead heavily used by residents, students, and visitors.
Chautauqua Green hosts events throughout the year including festivals, outdoor classes and demonstrations,
and lecture series with close proximity to Chautauqua Meadow Trailhead and other trails leading to the Boulder
Flatirons, Chautauqua Park is often used for parking and gatherings for recreational trips.
16 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 46.
Colorado Chautauqua is the only one of its kind that was founded as an independent institution and it continues to operate as a chautauqua open
to the general public. "It remains the only continuously operating chautauqua west of the Mississippi River and is now the nation’s only continuously
operating chautauqua with grounds open and free for public enjoyment. Colorado Chautauqua is a living document of the Movement’s ideals - learning
for all, uplifting entertainment, and leisure in a natural and inspiring setting. The Colorado Chautauqua displays more historic integrity than any other
extant chautauqua property."
17 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 7.
Chautauqua Park7-10
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1898 City of Boulder purchased 171 acres of land for the chautauqua.
Chautauqua Green land served as a horse and carriage parking and entrance into the site
during early chautauquas.
Chautauqua Land-
scape Guidelines, 7
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 6-7
1899 Boardwalk built within Chautauqua Green for access from Baseline Road.Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 6
1901 The Boulder Improvement Association hired W. W. Parce to complete a plan for Colorado
Chautauqua, including Chautauqua Green (originally named “Tennis Park”).
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 6
1908 The Arbor built on the north-south walk at the top of a steep grade, as a rest stop for travelers
arriving by trolley on Baseline Road.
The road into Chautauqua widened and improved.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1910 Chautauqua Green's oval plowed and seeded with grasses.Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1911 Carriage and pedestrian gateway built at 10th Street and Baseline Road.Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1912 Vehicular entrance relocated to Grant Place, loop road built within Chautauqua Green, and
northeast entrance became a pedestrian only entrance.
Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1913 Playground built. Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
1917 Shelter House, King's Gate, and Lincoln Street Steps (Queen’s Gate) built. King's Gate replaced
the gateway built in 1911.
Stone walls built along Baseline Road and at the vehicular entrance at Grant Place.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 6
Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1930s Original twelve light-fixed windows in Shelter House removed, and openings left open. Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 6
1954 Rock Miners Memorial installed near the vehicular entrance.Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
1964 Tennis court built east of the playground and lower parking lot area graded.Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
1978 Chautauqua Park Historic District designated a local historic district by the City of Boulder.
Chautauqua Park Historic District listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
Chautauqua NRHP
Nomination, 1978
1981 Rose garden installed near Rock Miners Monument.Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
1985 Chautauqua Green Master Plan prepared by the City of Boulder.Chautauqua CLA,
Appendix
1987 Clematis Drive and Sumac Drive narrowed to provide more parking and modified to add green
space. Two rounded interior corners eliminated. A section of stone gutter on the east side
replaced with a sloped gutter with sandstone pieces set in concrete.
Ranger Cottage and parking area built.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 7
Chautauqua CLA, 54
7-11
Date Event Source
1990s A stone slab bench, shrubs, ornamental trees, and a wooden two-post entrance sign installed
at Grant Place.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 7
1995 Original playground structures replaced with contemporary structures.Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
1998 Reproduction lamp post installed along walkway from King's Gate to Dining Hall.
Child-sized replica of Chautauqua Auditorium built at the playground to function as a
playhouse.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
2002 Peace Garden installed at the southeast corner of the Chautauqua Green across from the Din-
ing Hall.
Chautauqua NHL
Nomination, 8
2003 Log beams and rafters on the roof of The Arbor replaced.Chautauqua CLA, 54
2006 Colorado Chautauqua designated a National Historic Landmark.Chautauqua NHL
Certification
2017 Stone retaining walls and a new sidewalk built along Baseline Road.Mundus Bishop
drawings, 2017
2020 New equipment and play features installed at the playground. Sidewalks resurfaced to meet
ADA standards.
Field notes, 2020
Figure 1-2. Shelter House with windows, c. 1920 (source: CCA Archives)
Chautauqua Park7-12
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Chautauqua Park has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the original
construction within its period of significance (1898 to 1930) are present as they were historically. Integrity is
evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association. Chautauqua Park retains integrity in all seven aspects of integrity: location, setting, design, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association.
Location
The site and setting of Chautauqua Park including Chautauqua, The Arbor, and Shelter House, King's Gate,
Queen's Gate and the playground setting remain in original locations.
Setting
The site's original setting consisting of topography, roads, vegetation, and structures remain. Although
modifications to the road system and modern additions have been made including parking areas (1984), Ranger
Cottage and grounds (1987), a playground (2021), and a tennis court (1964), modifications have altered the
setting.
Design
General appearance and circulation are largely unchanged since the period of significance. Chautauqua
Park retains integrity in setting. The site resembles and retains its integrity of design as patterns of roads and
pedestrian routes follow original patterns and structures retain character-defining features.
Materials
Chautauqua Park retains integrity in materials as original vegetation, lawns, paving and structures remain similar
to the end of the period of significance, including the change to asphalt paving in the 1940s.
Workmanship
Extant historic structures display workmanship indicative of the period including Shelter House, The Arbor, Lincoln
Street Steps (Queen’s Gate), and Entrance Gate (King’s Gate). These structures exemplify the qualities of the rustic
style with use of rubble stone and low profiles.
Feeling and Association
Chautauqua Park continues to be used for educational, recreational, and cultural programming. As a
neighborhood park, people use this space to listen, learn, and recreate in a built, designed, and natural
environment that is largely unchanged since 1930. The site’s historical feeling and associations remain.18
18 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 5.
7-13
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Landscape Characteristics
This document assesses the condition and integrity of the park space owned and managed by the Boulder Parks
and Recreation Department known as Chautauqua Park, which is a part of Colorado Chautauqua NHL. The
area associated with Chautauqua Park is generally bounded by Baseline Road on the north, Clematis Street on
the south, 12th Street on the east, and Kinnickinnick Street on the west. The assessment of Chautauqua Park
excludes the Ranger Cottage and its grounds as it is managed by Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks,
and the remaining 26-acres of the Colorado Chautauqua NHL, which is managed by the Colorado Chautauqua
Association (CCA).
Chautauqua Park includes the playground, tennis court and parking on the east side of the Colorado Chautauqua
NHL, the park space known as Chautauqua Green, and the features associated with Chautauqua Park. This
document assesses the landscape condition and integrity of Chautauqua Park according to seven landscape
characteristics: natural systems, topography / spatial organization, circulation, structures, small-scale features,
vegetation and views and viewsheds.
Natural Systems and Features
Colorado Chautauqua NHL is located on a mesa at the mouth of Bluebell Canyon, located above Bluebell Canyon
Creek and east of the Boulder Flatirons, adjacent to Chautauqua Meadow. The campus setting, with Chautauqua
Park on its north edge, set against the open foothills is a character-defining feature of Colorado Chautauqua NHL.
The surrounding natural area and open space is preserved by the City of Boulder and resembles the lands as they
were when the chautauqua was founded in 1898.
Topography / Spatial Organization
Chautauqua Park is the northern space of Colorado Chautauqua NHL, set on slightly sloping gradient and
oriented towards the north to Baseline Road and the city. Stone rubble walls at Baseline Road, King's Gate, and
Queen's Gate historically defined this north edge, retaining grade at Baseline Road, and were augmented by
stone walls and sidewalk and parking improvements added in 2017 to complete this edge.
Chautauqua Park consists of two spaces – the playground, tennis court and parking east of the Dining Hall,
and Chautauqua Green, defined by Clematis Drive, Sumac Drive and Baseline Road. The center of Chautauqua
Green is an oval mown lawn, with mature trees on its east and north edges. Its east edge includes the sidewalk
that connects the King's Gate entrance, the Arbor and the Dining Hall. The buildings on its south edge along
Clematis Drive, including the Dining Hall and cottages, are oriented towards Chautauqua Green. The playground,
tennis court and parking are within an area that was originally fields and associated with a non-extant original
playground. All three are contemporary additions.
Figure 1-3. Boulder Flatirons from Chautauqua Green, c. 1919 to 1923 (source: Carnegie Library for Local History)
Chautauqua Park7-14
The spatial organization and topography of Chautauqua Park remains similar to the period of significance
and retains integrity. The playground, tennis court and parking have been modified, as have spaces on the
edges of Chautauqua Green including the addition of the Ranger Cottage and grounds on the west, but these
modifications have not impacted the integrity of Chautauqua Park.
Circulation
The pedestrian and vehicular circulation associated with Chautauqua Park includes original roads that bound the
oval lawn and Baseline Road, and sidewalks that connect spaces and features. The circulation remains similar to
the period of significance and retains integrity.
Pedestrian circulation originally included a wood boardwalk (1898) that connected Baseline Road with the
chautauqua, and served as a primary carriage and pedestrian route. The Arbor (1908) was set along this route
as a resting stop, and the Dining Hall was set at its end within the chautauqua. This route remained the primary
pedestrian and vehicular entrance into the chautauqua until a vehicular entrance was built at Grant Place in 1917,
and the route became pedestrian only. The 1917 The Shelter House and King’s Gate entrance reinforced this as
the primary pedestrian route. The route remains in approximately the same location as it was originally and is now
a concrete paved sidewalk. The addition of a trash and recycling area and bicycle racks on the sidewalk diminishes
the integrity of Chautauqua Park due its location in a prominent viewshed. Sidewalks have been built to provide
access to the playground, tennis court, and parking and are contemporary features that provide access.
Vehicular circulation includes original roads built in 1898, Clematis Road (Texas Avenue) and Kinnikinic Road
(Dunaway Avenue / Chautauqua Avenue), and roads built in 1912 to create a one-way loop road (Sumac Road)
around the central oval lawn of Chautauqua Green (Tennis Park). The vehicular entrance at Grant Place was built
in 1917. In 1987 Clematis and Sumac Drive were narrowed, and parking added along the edges. Two islands
were removed to expand the open lawn. Accessible parking is provided at the Dining Hall and on the north edge
of Clematis Drive. The two designated parallel parking spaces at the Dining Hall are signed to be accessible but
are not ADA-compliant.
Stone gutters line Kinnikinic and Sumac Drive. The original gutters were likely built in 1907 when the roadway
was graveled. Segments of the stone gutters are in fair to poor condition. Portions have been replaced. In 1987
stone gutters at Sumac Drive were rebuilt when the road was narrowed. These have a steep side slope and are
sandstone set in concrete and are non-contributing. A portion were recently replaced with compatible materials
and these are in good condition.
Figure 1-4. 1915 Bulletin, Map courtesy of Colorado
Chautauqua Association archives. (source: Chautauqua Park
Cultural Landscape Assessment, 2004)
Figure 1-5. 1928 Chautauqua Park map, Map courtesy
of Colorado Chautauqua Association archives. (source:
Chautauqua Park Cultural Landscape Assessment, 2004)
7-15
Structures
Structures associated with the Chautauqua Park include the Arbor (1908), Shelter House (1917), Entrance Gate
(King's Gate, 1917), Lincoln Street Steps (Queen's Gate, 1917), original stone rubble walls, stone walls, and
stone gutters. The original structures – the Arbor, Shelter House, King’s Gate, and Queen’s Gate – integrity and
exemplify qualities of the Rustic style through the rubble stone and low profiles. The Playground and Tennis
Court are newer compatible additions to Chautauqua Park that do not contribute to its significance but provide
important amenities.
The Arbor (1908) – The Arbor was originally designed as a resting stop for visitors arriving by trolley. It is a rustic-
style structure characterized by stone rubble walls and a tapered log roof. The structure straddles the sidewalk
connecting Chautauqua Green with Baseline Road. The Arbor retains integrity and is in good condition.
Shelter House – Shelter House is a one-story structure of stone rubble stone walls and stone quoins located
at King's Gate and oriented to Baseline Road. Original windows were removed in the 1930s but wood frames
remain intact. Interior benches are concrete, which replaced the original wood plank seats. Shelter House
continues to be used as a bus stop, retaining its original function. Removal of the windows and modifications to
the benches have not significantly altered the integrity of the structure.
Entrance Gate (King’s Gate, 1917) – Stone towers flank the sidewalk leading from Baseline Road into Chautauqua
Park. Stone rubble walls form an arcs as they extend from the two stone towers, and flank the sidewalk that
connects to the Arbor. The sidewalk has been modified as Baseline Road has changed. The space is concrete
paved and includes steps with handrails, and an ADA-accessible ramp that connects with Baseline Road. Entrance
Gate and its associated stone towers retain integrity and are in good condition as are the steps, ramp, and
handrails.
Lincoln Street Steps (Queen’s Gate, 1917) – Queen's Gate is a pedestrian entrance consisting of a series of
shallow stone steps, flanked by stone rubble walls that lead into the oval lawn of Chautauqua Green. The lower
steps are broad and open, connecting with Baseline Road and terminating at a stone paved terrace and stone
rubble wall. A contemporary metal sign with the message “Caution: No Winter Maintenance” is in the center
of the wall, diminishing the historic appearance but providing an important safety notice. The upper stone steps
connect to the stone paved terrace and flank the stone rubble wall. Queen’s Gate retains integrity, but is in poor
condition due to failing mortar joints, inappropriate mortar repairs and vegetation that is encroaching on the
stone rubble wall and stone steps.
Stone Rubble Walls – Original stone rubble walls extend from the east side of King's Gate to Queen's Gate. The
stone rubble walls retain integrity and are in good condition.
Figure 1-6. Lincoln Street Steps (Queen’s Gate), 2020 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-7. Stone rubble wall between Queen's Gate and
stone walls, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Chautauqua Park7-16
Stone Walls - Stone walls were added to the northern edge of Chautauqua Park in 2017 as part of improvements
to Baseline Road that included a sidewalk and parking spaces. The stone walls extend between King's Gate
stone rubble wall and Queen's Gate, and from Queen's Gate to the west for the length of Chautauqua Green,
functioning to retain grade. The stone walls are built using a stone material and in a form and size that is
compatible with, but different than, the original stone rubble walls.
Playground - The area associated with the playground historically served as an informal field for sports and has
been the location of a playground since 1913, although it has been modified several times including removal
of the original features and wading pool in the 1930s. Prior to its use for sports, the area was a corral for horse
and buggy parking. 19 The current playground space dates to the mid-1990s and includes recently upgraded
play spaces and equipment, sidewalks and a miniature playhouse imitating the Auditorium. The setting includes
mature deciduous shade trees. The playground is in good condition but understory vegetation obscures it from
other spaces with Colorado Chautauqua NHL.
Tennis Court - This area has been part of the recreational spaces of the chautauqua since the development of the
playground in 1913. It was originally undefined, but was surfaced as a tennis court in the early 2000s, and is in
good condition.
Parking - This area is a gravel-paved space used for daily and overflow parking for Colorado Chautauqua NHL
including visitors to Chautauqua Green. It is in good condition.
19 Mundus Bishop, Chautauqua Park Historic District, 64.
Figure 1-8. Rose garden at Shelter House and King's Gate,
c.1920s (source: CCA Archives)
Figure 1-9. Stone walls and sidewalk built in 2017 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-10. Shelter House and King's Gate rose garden,
2019 (source: Google Street View)
Figure 1-11. Rock Miners Memorial, 2020 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
7-17
Objects and Small-Scale Features
Small-scale features are human-scaled elements that provide detail and function. Objects include memorial
features. Objects and small-scale features are in good condition. They include the Rock Miners Memorial,
entrance signs at King's Gate, trash and recycling bins, and regulatory signage. Rock Miners Memorial, installed
in 1954 at the northeast corner of Chautauqua Green, is a large boulder with a brass plaque commemorating the
single-jack competitions that took place at the chautauqua’ s annual Fourth of July Celebration. 20
Vegetation
Vegetation includes mature trees, the Chautauqua Green's lawn, the rose garden at King's Gate entrance, a rose
garden near Rock Miner's Memorial, the Peace Garden, and trees and shrubs.
Lawn and Mature Trees – The oval lawn is a broad open mown lawn that slopes slightly north and consists of
low mown bluegrass. Mature trees that date from the early 1900s remain today, are primarily on the north and
east edges of the oval lawn. These were planted to define the perimeter and to direct view into, and out of,
the chautauqua. Groupings of mature deciduous trees include Kentucky Coffeetree, American Elm, and Horse-
chestnut trees on the north and east edges of the central lawn. Similar groupings occur along Clematis Drive.
Trees and Shrubs - Plantings of shrubs and grasses were added along Baseline Road in 2017,, and previously near
the southeast corner of the lawn. Plantings on the south of Sumac Drive obscure views to and from the Dining
Hall.
Rock Miner's Memorial Rose Gardens – The rose garden in northwest corner of Chautauqua Green surrounds the
Rock Miners Memorial, and was built in 1981. The garden is in fair condition.
King's Gate Rose Garden – The rose garden at the King's Gate is a reconstruction of an original non-extant
garden, and was built in recent years. This garden is compatible with King's Gate and an important feature to the
setting, and is in good condition.
Peace Garden – This garden was installed in 2002 in front of the Dining Hall, and consists of smaller planting beds
divided by small rocks that form a peace symbol. The Peace Garden is in good condition and is non-contributing.
Views and Viewsheds
Views to Chautauqua Park were once very prominent from Boulder and the surrounding area. The growth of the
city and maturing urban forests have altered this, leaving only a few remaining views and a few glimpses into
Chautauqua Green from Baseline Road. Prominent views that remain include those to Boulder Flatirons from
varied locations within Chautauqua Green including from the northeast corner, the lawn, and The Arbor. Other
prominent views include those from King's Gate to the Dining Hall along the sidewalk, views to and from the
Dining Hall to Chautauqua Green, and glimpses of Chautauqua Green from Baseline Road.
20 Vail, "The Colorado Chautauqua," 8.
Figure 1-12. Garden at Rock Miner’s Memorial and Entrance
Sign, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-13. Peace Garden near Dining Hall, 2020 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Chautauqua Park7-18
Table 1-1: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/ Non-Contributing
Natural Systems and Features
Setting, Boulder Flatirons and Foothills Good Contributing
Topography
Grade change from Clematis Drive to Baseline Road Good Contributing
Spatial Organization
Chautauqua Green - Central oval lawn Good Contributing
Playground, tennis court parking Good Non-Contributing
Circulation
Sidewalk (King's Gate to Dining Hall)Good Contributing
Kinnikinic Road Good Contributing
Sumac Drive Good Contributing
Clematis Drive Good Contributing
Angled parking on Sumac Drive Good Non-Contributing
Parking on Clematis Drive Good Non-Contributing
Stone Gutters Varies Contributing
Structures
The Arbor Good Contributing
The Shelter House Good Contributing
Entrance Gate (King's Gate)Good Contributing
Lincoln Street Steps (Queen's Gate)Poor Contributing
Stone Rubble Walls (original)Good Contributing
Stone Walls Good Non-Contributing
Playground Good Non-Contributing
Tennis Court Good Non-Contributing
Objects and Small-Scale Features
Rock Miners Memorial Good Non-Contributing
Entrance Signs, trash bins & recycling, and regulatory signage Good Non-Contributing
Vegetation
Mature Trees Good Contributing
Oval Lawn Good Contributing
Rose Garden at Rock Miners Memorial Good Non-Contributing
Garden at King's Gate (reconstructed, date unknown)Good Non-Contributing
Peace Garden Good Non-Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
Views to Boulder Flatirons from northeast corner, oval lawn, and The Arbor Fair Contributing
Views from sidewalk to Dining Hall Fair Contributing
Views to and from the Dining Hall to Chautauqua Green Fair/Good Contributing
Glimpses of Chautauqua Green from Baseline Road Fair Contributing
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
7-19
Dining
Hall
Baseline Road
Kinni
k
i
n
i
c
R
o
a
d
Sumach Drive
Clematis Drive
Ranger
Cottage
9
View to Dining Hall View to Boulder Flatirons
View to
Green
View toArbor andDining Hall
12th Str
e
et
Chautauqua
Meadow
Trailhead LincolnPlaceChautauqua Green | Existing Condition and Analysis
N
Mundus Bishop | March 2021 0 40 80 ft20
N10thStreet9thStreetGrantPlaceThe Arbor(1908)
King’s Gate (1917)
Queen’s Gate(1917)
ShelterHouse(1917)10th Street8
7
6
4 2
1
5
ChautauquaGreen
3
Chautauqua Green | Contributing Features
N
Mundus Bishop | March 2021 0 40 80 ft20
N
The Arbor
(1908)
King’s Gate
(1917)
Stone
House
(1917)
Chautauqua
Green
(1901)
Dining
Hall
Baseline Road
Kinni
k
i
n
i
c
R
o
a
d
Sumach Drive
Clematis Drive
Ranger
Cottage
12th Str
e
et
Chautauqua
Meadow
Trailhead LincolnPlace10thStreet9thStreetGrantPlaceTennis
Court
Playground
Queen’s
Gate
(1917)
Figure 1-14. Existing Condition, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
LEGEND
Colorado Chautauqua NHL
Lease Agreement Line
Vehicular Circulation
Sandstone Paving
Gravel Paving
Contributing Vegetation
Light Pole
Grant Street Entrance
Reconstructed Rose Garden
Stone Wall
Stone Rubble Wall
Miners Memorial
Peace Garden
Playground
Tennis Court
Natural Area
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
LEGEND
Colorado Chautauqua NHL
Lease Agreement Line
Undetermined
Contributing Building/ Structure
Contributing Circulation
Contributing Vegetation
Contributing Tree
Figure 1-15. Contributing Features, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Chautauqua Park7-20
Structural Condition
The Arbor
The Arbor was built as an oval open structure with rubble masonry piers and a log roof system. Each wall
supports five squared piers that taper in width. The stone base is capped with an oval pergola of peeled logs. The
exterior features stone benches. Overall, the Arbor is in good structural condition.
Foundation
The foundation of the structure’s stone piers is likely composed of the same rubble masonry extending below
grade. This base is also widened by stone benches integral with the bases of the piers. The foundation beneath
the two interior wood posts is unknown as the concrete sidewalk is poured tight against the bases of the
members, however, they likely bear on isolated stone or concrete foundation elements. No foundation elements
were exposed or observed during the site observation.
Overall, the foundation of the stone piers is in good condition. There is no evidence of settlement or settlement
related cracking. The east timber post shows signs of decay at its base that bears directly on its foundation
element and is tightly surrounded by the concrete sidewalk, both encourage moisture to remain rather than dry.
(Re: Figure 1-19) The west post has new concrete around its base, indicating that it could have been recently
replaced; however, this bearing condition could lead to the same moisture related decay pattern in the future.
Floor
The floor system of The Arbor is the concrete sidewalk on grade that passes through the opening in the structure.
The sidewalk is widened at this location to include The Arbor’s curved ends. The concrete sidewalk is in good
condition.
Roof Framing
The Arbor has an open roof structure composed of round, painted timbers with no sheathing or roofing. 11-
inch diameter perimeter beams span between each of the stone piers. Additionally, there is a beam line along
the long, center axis of the oval shaped structure; 11-inch diameter beams span between the two interior wood
posts and the easternmost and westernmost stone piers. Four structural timber screws connect the beams to the
posts while no mechanical connections were observed at the wood beam to stone pier bearing. Along the flat
sides of the oval, between the two stone pier structures, 9-inch diameter timbers span across the structure and
overhang each side. They are spaced at approximately two feet and are supported by the perimeter and central
beams below. At the curved ends, 8-inch diameter radial beams span between the last joist and the perimeter
beams, overhanging the perimeter. These rafters logs are likely connected to the beam support system below
with structural timber screws similar to the beam to post connection; however, in this location, the connection is
concealed and could not be confirmed during the assessment.
The roof appears to be in good condition structurally; however, the timbers are directly exposed to the elements
and the upward facing surfaces are showing signs of decay. It is our understanding that these were all recently
replaced, indicating that decay of these members has happened over a short period of time and has been
problematic.
Walls
The Arbor is an open structure and does not have true walls. The curved ends are each formed by five 18 to 24
inch rubble masonry stone piers that widen to join together at their bases. Two 11-inch diameter wood posts,
approximately located at the foci of the oval structure, provide additional vertical support to the roof.
The stone piers are structurally in good condition; however, there are areas of significant mortar erosion,
especially around the bases of the piers, and patches of mortar repointing that are not compatible with the
original structure. The stones near grade have a significant amount of lichen growth. This does not compromise
the structure itself but changes its appearance and is an indication that moisture is prevalent. This indicates
that more frequent maintenance of the mortar joints may be necessary. The timber posts have vertical cracks or
checks; these are shrinkage cracks and are not of structural concern.
7-21
Electrical
During a recent renovation, interior lights were added to The Arbor. The lights are obscured by the timbers and do
not detract from the historic appearance of the structure.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The LFRS of The Arbor consists of the log roof structure and the masonry piers. The LFRS is in good condition.
Although it likely does not meet current code requirements, it has performed well over the lifetime of the
structure.
Other Structural Features
The joined pier bases create the backs to built-in rubble masonry benches that extend along the lengths of the
curved ends. The benches are in good condition.
Figure 1-17. The Arbor, early 1900s (source: CCA Archives)Figure 1-16. The Arbor, note lichen growth and eroded
mortar joints, 2020 (source: JVA)
Chautauqua Park7-22
Figure 1-20. Interior lights hidden in timbers, 2020 (source:
JVA)
Figure 1-21. Curved bench, 2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-18. Decay at base of timber post, 2020 (source: JVA)Figure 1-19. The Arbor, 2020 (source: JVA)
7-23
Shelter House
Shelter House was built as a rectangular, one-story structure with rubble stone walls and a mansard roof.
The structure is built into the hillside so that the stone walls retains soil. The north elevation features columns
that form short retaining walls and a built-in rubble stone bench. The Shelter House has a mansard roof, the
overhanging eaves have exposed rafters with shaped ends. The entrance is on the west elevation. The interior
contains a concrete floor and stone walls that step out to create benches. No drawings of the structure, original
or otherwise, were available during this assessment.
Foundation
The structure’s foundation is likely composed of the same rubble masonry as its walls extending below grade. No
foundation elements were exposed or observed during the site observation.
Overall, the foundation is in good condition, there is no evidence of settlement or settlement related cracking.
There is a shrub growing out of the south wall, the root system could cause structural damage in the future if not
removed.
Floor
The floor system is a concrete slab on grade and it is in fair condition. Moisture is migrating downhill from the
south to the north through the wall and underneath the slab. This wetted soil undergoes freeze-thaw cycles
causing the concrete slab to heave and crack.
Roof Framing
Shelter House has a mansard roof; the eaves have a steeper slope than the center of the roof. The framing
consists of 2 ½” x 5 ¼” dimensional lumber rafters spaced at approximately 18” on center; there is no ridge
board. The eave outriggers have a decorative shape carved from 2 ½” x 5 ¼” wood members also spaced at 18
inches. Although the connection is concealed, it is likely that these outriggers are side lapped with the hip roof
rafters above. The roof assembly consists of 1x horizontal wood sheathing and asphalt shingles (Figure 1-19).
The roof appears to be in good condition; there is no sagging or displacement to indicate any structural
deficiencies. The wood framing appears to be in very good physical condition showing no signs of deterioration
even though it is an open structure. There is evidence in the form of staining on the sheathing that moisture was
previously allowed to penetrate the roofing material, however this has been mitigated by the new roof. Since
there is no ridge board, there is not adequate restraint at the peak of the roof.
Figure 1-22. West wall showing attached retaining wall, 2020
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-23. North wall of the Shelter House, 2020 (source:
JVA)
Chautauqua Park7-24
Walls/Framing
The structure has rubble masonry walls, which are approximately 20 inches thick. The walls consist of L-shaped
column in each of the four corners that flare at the base to form buttresses. The columns are connected by
a stone knee wall with a concrete coping that forms large window openings between the columns. Historic
photographs indicate the coping is original, but sections have been replaced. The base of the columns at the
corners flare to form buttresses. The historic window sashes are no longer in place; however, intermediate wood
studs and mullions remain. Corner openings create the illusion of windows and support the wood framed wall
segments above the openings. A concealed wood member or header spans between the stone columns and
intermediate window mullions to support the roof framing.
Structures
The stone walls are in good condition. Patches of mortar repointing are not compatible with the original
structure, and are beginning to crack and separate from the stones indicating that the repointing mortar is too
strong. The repointing is a different color. There is a vertical crack in mortar joints in the northwest buttress
caused by differential thermal expansion between the buttress and the main wall. Lichen growth is present at the
bottom two-feet of the north wall.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The LFRS of Shelter House consists of the 1x horizontal wood roof sheathing and framing, as well as the masonry
walls and buttresses. The LFRS of this modest structure is in good condition. It has performed well over the
lifetime of the structure. Since there are no changes in use suggested, no Code required upgrades are triggered.
Other Structural Features
The Shelter House is integral with the stone rubble wall that connects with the structure at the northeast and
southwest buttresses. The site has a sloped grade that sharply declines towards the north. The shelter walls are
also retaining soil in some locations (the slab elevation is below grade at the south wall and above at the north).
The knee walls also serve as the back to the concrete benches inside the shelter and along the street-facing,
north façade, where the bench has a rubble stone base with a concrete coping. Generally the walls are in good
condition, there is evidence that spalls have been repaired in the past.
Figure 1-24. Repair mortar – note red color and separation
cracks, 2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-25. Differential settlement crack at northwest
buttress, 2020 (source: JVA)
7-25
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of The Arbor
Primary Features Description Condition
Foundation Likely rubble stone masonry below grade Good
Roof Framing Painted timber beams Good
Walls Stone piers Good
Floor Concrete sidewalk Good
Lateral Force Resisting System Log structure and masonry piers Good
Additional Building Systems
Irrigation (Backflow preventer, spray heads, etc.)Not Assessed
Electrical Small lights obscured by timbers Not Assessed
Table 1-3: Condition Assessment of Shelter House
Primary Features Description Condition
Foundation Likely rubble masonry Good
Roof Framing Wood-framed mansard roof Good
Walls Masonry Good
Floor Concrete slab on grade Fair
Lateral Force Resisting System Wood roof diaphragm, masonry walls and buttresses Good
Additional Building Systems
Irrigation (Backflow preventer, spray heads, etc.)Not Assessed
Electrical Lighting Not Assessed
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Note: Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only. No material testing or exploratory
observations have been made. Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
Chautauqua Park7-26
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-26. Sumac Drive view from Dining Hall, c. 1900
(source: Carnegie Library for Local History)
Figure 1-27. Sumac Drive to Dining Hall, c. 1900 (source:
Carnegie Library for Local History)
Figure 1-28. Entrance Gate (King’s Gate) postcard, no date
(source: CCA Archives)
Figure 1-29. The Arbor in the snow, no date (source: BHS
212-2-5, Carnegie Library for Local History)
Figure 1-30. Chautauqua Green, 1938 (source: CU Boulder Aerial Photographs of Colorado)
7-27
Figure 1-31. View to Dining Hall, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-32. Sidewalk from Baseline Road at King's Gate into
Chautauqua Green, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-33. Accessible parking at Dining Hall, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-34. Sidewalk from Baseline Road at King's Gate into
Chautauqua Green, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-35. Sumac Drive near Dining Hall, 2020 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-36. Stone edge along Clematis Drive, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Chautauqua Park7-28
Figure 1-37. Stone gutter along Sumac Drive, 2020 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-38. Non-contributing stone gutter along Sumac
Drive, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-39. Stone gutters built using in-kind compatible
materials on Sumac Drive, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
7-29
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for the city-owned and the Chautauqua Green, which provides
for its preservation and repair, and allows for addition of compatible improvements. This treatment guidance
provides actions and recommendations for the repair and planning and design for the city-managed property.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and in
support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides actions to protect significant cultural resources,
and repair contributing features and those that contribute to the historic character. Treatment recommendations
identify where repair is needed to reveal historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Work shall be
guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, in accordance with
the Colorado Chautauqua NHL design guidelines, and Chautauqua Park Historic District Lighting Design Guidlines
and accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter
9-11 (Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Colorado Chautauqua National Historic Landmark (NHL) is nationally significant for its association with the
Chautauqua Movement. The city-owned and managed property consists of the northern portion of Colorado
Chautauqua NHL generally defined as three distinct spaces – Chautauqua Green, a playground with tennis courts,
and Ranger Cottage grounds. Original structures include The Arbor, Shelter House, King’s Gate, and Queen’s Gate
that exemplify the Rustic style. Prominent views are to the Flatirons, and views to and from the Dining Hall. The
playground with tennis courts and Ranger Cottage grounds are contemporary additions. The city-owned and
managed property retains its historic use as a site for educational, recreational, and cultural programming.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve the historic form and configuration of Chautauqua Park.
• Preserve, protect, and repair contributing features and those characteristics that contribute to historic
character including Chautauqua Green with mature trees, and the vehicular and pedestrian circulation,
structures, and prominent views associated with Chautauqua Park.
• Maintain and enhance the variety of recreational and gathering uses and experiences offered.
Chautauqua Park7-30
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Chautauqua Park. This
guidance should be followed when undertaking design and planning for Chautauqua Park or when proposing
modifications to contributing features.
Topography, Spatial Organization and Views
Chautauqua Park is the northern source of Colorado Chautauqua NHL, set on a sloping grade that includes
Chautauqua Green and the playground and tennis court.
• Preserve Chautauqua Park's sloped topography, walls and structures along the northern boundary at
Baseline Road.
• Preserve prominent views from Chautauqua Park.
• Ensure new additions or modifications to existing features and vegetation respect, and do not interfere
or diminish Chautauqua Park's composition, topography, or views.
• Protect Chautauqua Green’s composition by preserving its characteristic central open lawn with a defined
perimeter of mature trees bounded by roads at Clematis Drive and Sumac Drive.
• Protect the area of the playground as an original space associated with Chautauqua Park.
Circulation
Original roads include Clematis Drive, Sumac Drive, Kinnikinic Road, and the entrance at Grant Place. The
sidewalk from the King’s Gate to the Dining Hall remains as the primary pedestrian route for Chautauqua Park.
• Protect contributing vehicular and pedestrian circulation patterns.
• Provide accessible routes and parking for an equitable user experience to access park spaces. Allow
designated routes where appropriate and where compatible with contributing features. Ensure accessible
parking and accessible pedestrian routes are provided at Chautauqua Green, the playground and tennis
court.
Structures
Rustic structures include The Arbor, Shelter House, King’s Gate, Queen’s Gate and stone walls are contributing
features. Stone walls between the Entrance at Grant Street and the Queen’s gate are new additions.
• Protect contributing structures–The Arbor and Shelter House–in their original locations. Preserve and
repair extant features in-place.
• Preserve The Arbor’s extant structural features in-place.
○Prevent further decay of timber posts by improving drainage. Repair decay at the post bases, with a
dutchman replacement.
○Repair the log rafters as needed with an epoxy consolidant. Maintain coating on logs to prevent
deterioration from occurring. Schedule routine maintenance.
○Walls - Rake deteriorated mortar joints in the walls and repoint with a compatible mortar as
determined by a mortar analysis of a sample of the original mortar. Provide periodic maintenance
of mortar; consider cleaning lichen from the stone and mortar surfaces with an appropriate cleaner
based on a cleaning trial.
• Preserve the Shelter House's extant structural features in-place.
○Trim plants near structure; To improve draining rear structure through regrading and/or installation
of a french drain.
○Rake deterioration mortar joints in the walls and repoint with a compatible mortar. Provide
periodic maintenance of mortar; consider cleaning lichen from stone and mortar surfaces with an
appropriate cleaner based on a cleaning trial.
○Floor - Route and grind down any steps in the slab and inject the cracks.
○Roof Framing - Add steel gussets at the peak of the roof to resist wind up lift.
7-31
• Consider rehabilitating the stone gutters with compatible materials to better suit the drainage needs of
the loop road.
Vegetation
Contributing vegetation includes the oval lawn and mature trees within Chautauqua Park. Trees were planted to
define the edge of the Chautauqua Green and to direct views within Chautauqua Park.
• Protect contributing tree patterns and mature vegetation.
○Repair and replace missing or damaged trees and patterns of trees using in-kind materials similar to
the original in form, texture and species.
○Consider removing non-contributing trees that obscure historic views through the site.
• Reinforce views into Chautauqua Green from the entry, views of the Chautauqua Green from the Dining
Hall and views into the Chautauqua Green from Baseline Road.
• Consider planting Chautauqua Green's understory edge as a naturalistic planting area of hardier and
native grasses and forbs.
Objects and Small-Scale Features
The Rock Miners Memorial is a memorial object installed in 1954 near the entrance at Grant Street. Small scale
features are non-contributing and support visitor use functions.
• Coordinate with the Colorado Chautauqua Association (CCA) on guidance for memorial objects.
• Chautauqua Park Historic District Lighting Design Guidelines.
Chautauqua Park7-32
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of Chautauqua Park's contributing features and those
that contribute to the historic character.
○The Arbor - Prevent decay of timber posts bases by improving drainage.
○Shelter House - Repair mortar and trim vegetation.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of Chautauqua Park's contributing features and those that
contribute to the historic character.
○The Arbor - Maintain UV resistant coating on logs to prevent deterioration. Schedule routine
maintenance.
○Shelter House - Improve drainage.
○Lawn and Mature Trees - Retain the characteristic shape, scale, and form of the central oval lawn of
Chautauqua Green and the views associated with it.
7-33
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
"Chautauqua Movement History,” The Colorado Chautauqua Online. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://www.
chautauqua.com/2021/chautauqua-movement-history.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
Feinberg, Allyn. Chautauqua Design Guidelines. Boulder, CO: Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board,
Boulder Department of Planning and Community Design, 1989.
Mundus Bishop. Chautauqua Park Historic District: Cultural Landscape Assessment and Plan. Boulder, CO:
Colorado Chautauqua Association, 2004.
Mundus Bishop. Construction Drawings for Chautauqua 2A Baseline Planting (Baseline Road). Boulder, CO: City
of Boulder, 2017.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
Vail, Martha. "The Colorado Chautauqua" National Historic Landmark Nomination Form. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 2005.
Chautauqua Park7-34
COLUMBIA CEMETERY
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Historic Preservation Grant Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
Mundus Bishop
Scharen Design Studio, LLC
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop and JVA. Historic photographs (pre-2020)
provided by the City of Boulder or from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local History and
Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant. The
content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History
Common Terminology ........................................................8-4
Property Overview ..............................................................8-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............8-5
Designation Boundary ....................................................... 8-6
History & Significance ........................................................8-7
Integrity ...............................................................................8-11
Existing Condition ..............................................................8-15
Landscape Condition ...................................................8-15
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ............8-21
Structural Condition ......................................................8-22
Additional Images .............................................................8-30
Treatment ...........................................................................8-33
Resources ...........................................................................8-37
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Columbia Cemetery in Boulder, Colorado, circa 1890 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Columbia Cemetery 8-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
8-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
x Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
x Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Building(s)
Structure(s)
Pioneer Gateway
Perimeter Fencing
Roads and Paths
New Anderson Ditch
Maintenance Shed
Grave Markers
Plant Materials
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Stone Retaining Wall
Mature Groves of Trees
NRHP Evaluation Criteria5
x Criterion A: The property is associated with events
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
x Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be likely
to yield, information important in prehistory or history
State Register of
Historic Properties
x Listed
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Properties
x Listed
Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility
Recommended Period of Significance5
Date Range: 1870 to 1947
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
x State Register of Historic Properties (SRHP)
x National Register of Historic Properties (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Columbia Cemetery, Pioneer Cemetery
9th Street, between Pleasant Street & College Avenue
1201 9th Street, Boulder CO, 80302
40 1 9 / 105 16 9
PT SE 1/4 SE 1/4 NE 1/4 36-1N-71W PER REC 90809606 3/11/1966
BCR AKA COLUMBIA CEMETERY
146136100084
10.5 acres
1870 (cemetery) 1910 (landscape)
Columbia Lodge #14 (cemetery); W.A. Parce (landscape)
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
Smithsonian Trinomial:
National Historic Landmark No:
77-1
4252
August 16, 1977
5BL.571
5BL.571
n/a
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Social History
Art
4 Helen Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 1987).
5 Ibid, NRHP Evaluation based on this document
Columbia Cemetery 8-6
Designation Boundary
Designation Boundary Description: Columbia Cemetery consists of 10.5 acres, generally bounded by 9th Street
on the east, Pleasant Street to the north, and College Avenue to the south. The western edge of the property is
bordered by Flatirons Elementary School and Sunshine House Montessori School. The property is enclosed by a
perimeter fence and includes a grid of burial plots, markers, and vegetation.
The S.E. 1/4 S.E. 1/4 N.E. 1/4 Sec. 36 T. 1 N.R. 71W. Except a strip of land 20 ft. in width along E. side of the
whole length thereof. Beginning 10 chains N. of S.E. Cor. of S.E. 1/4 N.E. 1/4 Sec.36 T. 1 N.R. 71 W. the same
being N.E. Cor. of Cemetery Grounds, thence 80 ft. more or less to S. line of Pleasant Street, thence 5 chains W.
5 chains, thence S.80 ft. more or less to N. Line of Cemetery Grounds, thence E. 5 chains to beginning. Except
so much of said land as will be needed and used for extending 9th St. from Smith's Addition to West Boulder.
Beginning on N. line of Cemetery Grounds at a point 10 chains N. and 5 chains W. of S.E. Cor. of S.E. 1/4 N.E. 1/4
Sec 36 T. 1 N.R.71 W to N.W. thence 5 chains to N.W. Cor. of Cemetery Grounds, thence N. 80 ft. more or less to
S. line of Pleasant St., thence E. 5 chains, thence S. 80ft. more or less to beginning.
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary of Columbia Cemetery, no date (source: City of Boulder).
Pleasant Street
College Avenue 9th StreetFlatirons
Elementary
Columbia
Cemetery
8-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Columbia Cemetery is a 10.5 acre property approximately one mile south of downtown Boulder. The cemetery
is significant for its social history, collection of funerary art, and as an active cemetery. The period of significance
for the property begins with the cemetery’s establishment in 1870 and ends in 1947. The cemetery was listed
in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 and was designated a local landmark by the City of Boulder
Landmarks Board and City of Boulder City Council in 1977. The Columbia Cemetery consists of a grid of burial
plots, grave markers, Pioneer Gateway, 1860 New Anderson Ditch, Maintenance Shed, perimeter fencing, roads
and paths, and vegetation.
Background History
Beginning in the late 1850s, the Front Range of Colorado’s Rocky Mountains attracted miners and ranchers.
As the region experienced an influx of pioneers, the town of Boulder grew and prospered. Before Columbia
Cemetery was established, Boulder did not have a designated burial ground. Instead, bodies were interred in the
wild or on the crest of Lover’s Hill. A need for a more pleasant cemetery space resulted in the establishment of
Columbia Cemetery in 1870. The land was purchased by Columbia Lodge No. 14, A.F. and A.M., a Masonic order.
The cemetery was developed on a geometric grid with rectilinear paths and drives, and shrubbery and flowers at
individual plots. A diverse cross section of the population was interred at the cemetery that included miners, cattle
drivers, ranchers, university professors, local businessmen, war veterans, members of fraternal organizations, and
victims of epidemics.5
From 1910 to 1965, Columbia Cemetery was owned by the Park Cemetery Association. During this time the
cemetery evolved into a more formal burial ground with a park-like appearance. Burial plots had designated
ownership, and the cemetery had regular maintenance. The grounds were improved with a stone gateway,
perimeter metal fence, gravel roads, and tree and shrub planting in the 1920s.6
Since 1965, Columbia Cemetery has been under the ownership of the City of Boulder and administered as a part
of the city’s Parks and Recreation Department. (The Columbia Cemetery Preservation Master Plan was completed
in 1996 and since that time volunteer work has repaired and restored the cemetery.)
Definition of the Context
Columbia Cemetery is associated the with Social History within the City of Boulder and Funerary Art. The
landscape maintains historic integrity and reflects both the rural and garden cemetery styles, popular during
the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. The cemetery had an impact on the community by
becoming the main burial ground for Boulder's citizenry, and as the city grew, became a peaceful public park. The
cemetery remains a major historic site and place of respite for the Boulder community.
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The creation of Columbia Cemetery was part of a national trend in the second half of the 19th century of
constructing cemeteries outside of developed cities. Garden cemeteries emerged in the eastern United States
starting in the 1830s as part of what is known as the rural cemetery movement. Early American proponents of
cemetery design were influenced by European romanticism, especially in England and France, as it was applied to
private and public gardens, parks, and other landscapes such as cemeteries. The first planned American cemetery
to be developed in accordance with principles of the romanticism and the rural cemetery movement was the
1831 Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Among the concepts employed were the cemetery
had to be substantial in size, located on the outskirts of town, offer visitors a good view, be laid out with a
pattern of carriage roads and defined burial sections, hold a variety of funerary art, and exhibit landscaping that
over time would mature into a park-like setting with an expanse of grass, trees, shrubs, and flower beds.7
5 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” Section 8, Page 6.
6 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” Section 8, Page 10.
7 Ron Sladek. “Golden Cemetery,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 2011).
Columbia Cemetery 8-8
In contrast to this vision, throughout the western frontier, particularly during the earliest years of settlement,
cemeteries started out as utilitarian burial grounds rooted in practical necessity more than lofty concepts such
as beauty and solace. Often the earliest improvements were made by the families themselves or if they had the
means, they hired someone.
Colorado’s first garden cemetery, Riverside Cemetery, was incorporated in 1876 north of Denver. Landscape
engineer Harvey C. Lowrie created a park-like setting with dense trees, lush grasses, a central rose garden, and
meandering road system. Riverside Cemetery, and others that would follow in Colorado in the ensuing years,
were similar to the eastern precedents in that the cemetery was located outside of the urban area and followed
romantic styling.8
Among Colorado settlements that grew into permanent towns and cities such as Boulder, many cemeteries
evolved into larger, more sophisticated planned and landscaped park-like garden cemeteries that reflected the
design ideals of garden cemeteries in the eastern states. For residents of Boulder, Columbia Cemetery became
their community's version of the garden cemetery. It was located on the outskirts of town and offered visitors a
panoramic view of the mountains and plains. Imitating the grid pattern of western settlements, the site was laid
out with a linear pattern of burial sections and carriage roads, and was landscaped over time to create a park-like
setting. In contrast to eastern cemeteries that relied on manipulating views by planting vegetation in strategic
places, Columbia Cemetery, with its proximity to the Rocky Mountains to the west, did not need to fabricate a
sense of exceptional beauty. The design was simple and functional. Often cared for with improvements made by
family members themselves, the cemetery was inspired by the national trends, yet essentially utilitarian.9
Associated Property Types
Columbia Cemetery’s design is similar to multiple cemeteries built in the Front Range in the late nineteenth
century. The design evolved throughout the period of significance and reflects a variety of American cemetery
types. Its early character as a rural/homestead cemetery evolved into a garden cemetery typical of Victorian Era
burial grounds characterized by a picturesque setting planned with trees, wide paths, decorative tombstones, and
fences and gateways, such as seen at Mount Auburn and Riverside cemeteries.
In the late 19th century, other cemeteries were created throughout the state’s growing municipalities, such as
Denver's Fairmount Cemetery and Golden Cemetery, that integrated larger design trends of the garden cemetery
movement and addressed the utilitarian and economic realities of local residents. Columbia Cemetery is one of
the first garden cemeteries established in Colorado. It is representative of landscape architecture applied to a
public cemetery that evolved over many decades.10
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Columbia Cemetery is a public cemetery one mile southwest of downtown Boulder at the base of the Flatirons.
The cemetery is organized by a rectilinear road system and a grid of grave plots. Mature trees and a wide variety
of grave markers are interspersed throughout the cemetery. A stone gateway provides a formal entrance and an
metal fence defines the edges of the cemetery. Two sheds are located along the cemetery’s western edge, one
historic and another of more recent construction. An irrigation channel traverses the cemetery from west to east.
Original features remain intact and the cemetery retains historic integrity in all aspects.
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
Columbia Cemetery is significant under National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Criterion A and C for its
collection of funerary art and association with the social history of Boulder as a final resting place for many of
its citizenry. The cemetery is significant for the role it has played in the social and cultural life of Boulder since its
founding. It has been the site of numerous internments, memorials, and commemorative events throughout its
history. The cemetery expresses the cultural values of the City of Boulder and the citizens who developed and
continue to care for this landscape.
8 “Riverside Cemetery Listing,” Colorado Preservation Inc, accessed October 7, 2022, http://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/
endangered-places-archives/riverside-cemetery.
9 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” Section 8, Page 9.
10 Sladek, "Golden Cemetery."
8-9
Statement of Significance
Columbia Cemetery is significant for its association with Boulder’s early social history and for its collection of
significant funerary art. The cemetery is listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under both Criteria
A and B, and meets Criteria Consideration D for its importance as Boulder’s oldest cemetery and the burial place
of numerous persons important in Boulder’s history. The cemetery began operation in 1870 and is one of 18
historic cemeteries listed in the NRHP within Colorado. In addition, the cemetery is significant for its collection of
funerary art exhibiting the artistry, craftsmanship, and symbolic values associated with late 19th and early 20th
century burial practices.
The social history associated with Columbia Cemetery dates to the late 1850s as Boulder grew and prospered.
Before 1870 Boulder did not have a designated burial ground and a desperate need existed for a pleasant
cemetery space. Columbia Cemetery was established in 1870 by the Masons. Boulder’s early history is evident
on the inscriptions on the grave markers that depict a wide and diverse cross section of people buried in the
cemetery.
Columbia Cemetery’s collection of funeral art is significant for the insight it provides into cultural and sociological
aspects of Boulder's history. The wide variety of styles, materials, and degree of craftsmanship illustrate
evolving late 19th and early 20th century popular and personal tastes. In many cases the markers indicate the
socioeconomic status of those commemorated. Some of the markers were fabricated locally, while others were
ordered from distant suppliers. In particular, those of white bronze are representative of a gravestone material and
fabrication technique popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. Most were produced between 1886 and
1908 at a Des Moines, Iowa, subsidiary of the Monumental Bronze Company. Located throughout the cemetery,
some monuments are fairly simple while others are intricately shaped and detailed.11
Somewhat concentrated in the southern end of the cemetery are plain marble markers of Civil War Veterans,
some that simply read, “Union Soldier.” Nearby, in the southwest corner, is a "Potter's Field" (a portion of the
cemetery set aside for those who could not afford a grave marker) with markers ranging from rough slabs of
concrete to local sandstone, carefully lettered and crafted. One concrete marker has colored marbles pressed into
the cement, spelling out the name of a woman. Other examples of vernacular artistry include markers fashioned
from plumbing pipe and sheet metal. A few markers were created out of half-carved stones. Other markers of
note are two poured concrete markers in the shape of tree trunks, "Woodmen of the World” markers made of
stone, and a child's marker that includes a small porcelain portrait of the child.12
Period of Significance
The period of significance for Columbia Cemetery is 1870 to 1947. The period begins with use of the site for
funerary and cemetery purposes and ends fifty years prior to its listing in the NRHP.13
11 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” Section 8, Page 6.
12 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery,” Section 8, Page 8.
13 Hudson, “Columbia Cemetery.”
Columbia Cemetery 8-10
Summary of Current and Historic Use
Columbia Cemetery was established for use as a burial and funerary location for Boulder’s residents. Historically
the burial ground did not function as publicly-owned land and was held by Columbia Lodge #14 and the
International Order of the Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) Lodge No. 9. The City of Boulder took ownership of Columbia
Cemetery in 1965, adding the cemetery to the city's Parks and Recreation Department. The land use for the site
did not vary during the period of significance (1870 to 1947).
Columbia Cemetery’s use after the period of significance and into the present continues as a site for burial and
funerary memorial.
Date Event/Use
1870 to present Funerary/memorial cemetery; landscape/park
1870 Single ownership by Columbia Lodge #14
late-1870 to 1910 Dual ownership by Columbia Lodge #14 and International Order of the
Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) Lodge No. 9
1870s to 1930s Boulder Memorial Day Celebrations held annually at the cemetery
1910 to 1965 Ownership by the Park Cemetery Association
1965 The City of Boulder took ownership of Columbia Cemetery
8-11
INTEGRITY
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey its significance. Columbia Cemetery has been assessed to determine
if the characteristics that shaped the site during the period of significance are present today. Integrity is evaluated
according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, feeling, design, materials, workmanship, and association.
The cemetery's cultural landscape retains integrity in all seven aspects.
Location
Columbia Cemetery retains integrity of location. It remains in its original location, set at the base of the Flatirons
south of downtown Boulder.
Setting
Columbia Cemetery retains integrity of setting as a final resting place with serene surroundings. The natural
setting of nearby mountains and forests remains, as does the designed setting of a formal burial ground with
orderly rows of graves and paths, and lush plantings.
Design
The cemetery retains integrity of design. The property’s linear arrangement of roads and paths divide the cemetery
into different sections and burial lots. Mature trees and lawns create a park-like space. The Pioneer Gateway and
the fence and gates into the cemetery complete the design that is orderly, picturesque, and formal. This design is
extant from the cemetery’s period of significance. A few alterations added after the period of significance impact
the integrity of design, including the addition of iris beds along the cemetery’s edge (1970s), addition of boulders
just east of Pioneer Gateway, and addition of the Volunteer Shed along the cemetery’s western side within a
former road bed (2011). Over time, the arrangement of planted trees has become difficult to distinguish. The
pattern of trees appears more random than was the design intent during the period of significance.
Materials
The cemetery’s grave markers, fencing, and gateways retain integrity of materials. The grave markers represent
a lens into national and local geology, masonry, and stone carving. The variety of local materials used, including
stones from several towns in Colorado including Salida and Marble, limestone from Golden, and sandstone from
Lyons and Two-mile Canyon, reflect the location of active quarries at the time.14 Historic materials are extant in
the metal fence and stone Pioneer Gateway. The Maintenance Shed has been restored with some replacement of
original materials.
Workmanship
Workmanship is evident in the details of extant features and retains integrity. Many of the grave markers were
carved locally by Boulder Marble Works. Other markers were purchased from distant manufacturers in the eastern
United States and display detailed stone carving techniques. Integrity of workmanship is evident also in the stone
walls, and the fence and gates that have details common in Victorian-Era iron work.
Feeling
The cemetery retains integrity of feeling through the collection of extant features and the lack of major alterations
to the property. The mature trees and perimeter fencing provide a buffer from the surrounding neighborhood and
streets that makes the cemetery feel peaceful and serene.
Association
Columbia Cemetery retains its association with families, individuals, and the general citizenry of Boulder. The
cemetery continues to be the final resting ground for many of Boulder’s founding citizens and retains connections
to the greater community.
14 Winter & Company and Blackwood & Company, Columbia Cemetery Preservation Master Plan (Boulder, CO: The City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
Department, 1997), 1-5.
Columbia Cemetery 8-12
Figure 1-3. Columbia Cemetery, in the background, and New Anderson Ditch at right, c.
1880 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-4. Pioneer Gateway at the northeast entrance to Columbia Cemetery, post-1913 (source: Carnegie Branch Library
for Local History)
8-13
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1860 Anderson Ditch dug for irrigation of Marinus G. Smith’s land.NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 4
1870, April
28
Marinus G. Smith, a member of the Masons, sold 10.5 acres of his land for $200 to Columbia
Lodge #14 A.F. & A.M. for future use as a cemetery.
City of Boulder,
"Columbia Cemetery
History"
1870, May First person buried in the cemetery, Anna Eggleston, who died on May 16, 1870. City of Boulder,
"Columbia Cemetery
History"
1870,
December
The Masons sold one-fourth of the cemetery (all of Section A;
Section E, Lots 1-9, 87-102; Section F, Lots 1-8, 29-37) to Boulder Lodge No.9
Independent Order of Odd Fellows (chartered July 10, 1869).
City of Boulder,
"Columbia Cemetery
History"
1870 to
1900
Columbia Cemetery had little to no budget for maintenance. Early photographs show cattle
among tombstones using New Anderson Ditch. Individuals erected fencing around some
burials and family plots to keep the cattle out.
Boulder Carnegie
Library Historic
Images, Figure 1-3
1870s to
1945
Individual and family grave markers added. Individual wooden and metal fences erected by
family plot owners around individual and family grave sites. Some plots lined with stone coping
or low stone walls.
Boulder Carnegie
Library Historic
Images
1882 Historic Maintenance Shed was likely constructed with an outhouse to the west of the shed. NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 4
1886 A caretaker appointed by the Masons planted shrubbery and flowers, and maintained the
lawn. It may have been around this time a wire fence was added around the cemetery.
NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 8.9
1904 Park Cemetery Association developed a new cemetery named Green Mountain in south
Boulder. One-hundred forty-eight bodies eventually disinterred from Columbia Cemetery and
reburied in Green Mountain Cemetery.
1997 Cemetery
Preservation Master
Plan
1912 A small stile was constructed at the northeast corner of the cemetery (date unknown). April 1912, Boulder
Daily Camera
1912 Spruce and western cedar planted.NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 5
1913 Pioneer Gateway was built of twin piers of coursed rustic stone. The south pier was stamped
with “Pioneer Gateway” and the north side with “Columbia Cemetery.” A metal gate secured
the entrance and a metal fence was constructed around the cemetery’s perimeter. Gravel roads
were constructed in 1915.
NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 3
1927 It appears likely that the Park Cemetery Association had a planting effort that included ash
trees and other deciduous trees planted in a linear pattern.
NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 5
1930s to
1950s
Original rose bushes were removed by cemetery management likely between the 1930s and
1950s.
City of Boulder
1956 Metal fence along the western edge of the cemetery bordering Flatirons Elementary was
removed when the elementary school was built. The fence was replaced with a chainlink fence.
NRHP Columbia
Cemetery, 7. 3
1965 City of Boulder took ownership of the cemetery and the property was administered as part of
the Parks and Recreation Department.
City of Boulder,
"Columbia Cemetery
History"
1970s Additional plants added including lilac, spirea, roses, and juniper. Iris beds added along 9th
Street, Pleasant Street, and College Avenue.
City of Boulder
Columbia Cemetery 8-14
Date Event Source
1977 The cemetery was closed to vehicular traffic due to increased vandalism. Approximately six feet
of the fence was removed.
City of Boulder,
"Columbia Cemetery
History"
1960s to
2010s
There was an increase in the quantity of grave markers removed and/or damaged from theft
and vandalism.
City of Boulder
1994 to
1996
Inventory and evaluation of all standing grave markers completed by Historic Boulder and
Boulder Genealogical Society volunteers.
City of Boulder
1998 Perimeter fence repaired and restored, including reconstruction of missing pieces and the
previously stolen southeast gate.
City of Boulder
1999 to
2019
The professionally-trained Columbia Cemetery Conservation Corps (CCCC) volunteer group
was established in 1999 and performed conservation work on hundreds of grave markers.
Multiple grants from the State Historical Fund provided money to reset and clean grave
markers, many of which had been overturned and half buried by the 1990s.
Boulder Daily
Camera, “Cemetery
Project Brings Life to
Dead” 3/7/1999
2000s The existing pedestrian pathways were added and re-defined at the SW and SE entry points. A
chain link fence was replaced along western edge of cemetery with in-kind materials.
City of Boulder
2006 to
2012
Two benches made of Lyons, Colorado sandstone were installed. One was located north of the
entry from Pioneer Gateway and another north of New Anderson Ditch.
City of Boulder
2011 Design and construction of the Volunteer Shed by CU’s Environmental Design students.
2013 New Anderson Ditch reinforced with below-ground sheet piling to keep ditch water from
leaking into the cemetery.
Boulder Daily
Camera, “Leaky
Ditch Gets Shored
Up By City”
8/7/2013
2013 Electrical lines added to the southwest section of the cemetery to the new Volunteer Shed and
Maintenance Shed. Installation of an irrigation system including underground lateral lines and
above ground sprinkler heads and control valves.
City of Boulder
2014 White bronze (cast zinc) grave markers refurbished by McKay Lodge Conservation Laboratory
in Ohio. The markers were originally manufactured by the Monumental Bronze Company in
Bridgeport, Connecticut between 1874 and 1912.
Boulder Daily
Camera, “White
Bronze Markers
Restored”
3/22/2014.
2014 Steel black fence installed to replace chain link fence along western edge of cemetery. City of Boulder
2015 Restoration of the Maintenance Shed.
2017 to
2019
Volunteers with the City of Boulder's assistance added approximately 30 trees each year. City of Boulder
2022 Restoration of historic perimeter fence, one piece (8 linear feet), along 9th Street and partial
restoration/reconstruction to one piece of the same length along College Avenue at Grant
Place. Ongoing restoration and conservation of the cemetery's monuments.
City of Boulder
8-15
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Landscape Characteristics
Columbia Cemetery's original setting, features, and spatial relationships remain largely intact. The cemetery is
set on a hill one mile southwest of downtown Boulder at the base of the Flatirons. The setting is characterized
by orderly paths and mature trees with grave markers interspersed. A stone gateway provides a formal entrance
at the northeast corner and an metal fence defines the edges of the cemetery. Two sheds are located along the
cemetery’s western edge, one historic and another of more recent construction. An irrigation channel traverses the
cemetery from west to east. Mature trees line the roadways and create a park-like setting, similar to the Cemetery
Association's plans in the 1920s. Concrete paved sidewalks surround the property on two sides, providing
connections to the surrounding city. Numerous small-scale features include gates, signs, and grave markers.
Topography
The cemetery’s topography, including the natural terrain that slopes downhill to the north, and topographical
fluctuations due to burials, contribute to the significance of the cemetery. As a burial ground, the topography was
altered with regular ground disturbance. These disturbances are noted today in slight rises and depressions in the
earth. The topography descends at the edges of the New Anderson Ditch, which has been altered since the period
of significance with sheet piling and rocks along its edge. Despite this change, the topography along the ditch
retains integrity. A narrow trench, of unknown date, follows the western fenceline and follows the alignment of a
sewer pipeline that runs below-grade. The trench alters the topography with a drainage depression and captures
seasonal run-off. It is uneven and collapsing in some locations with no hard edge.
Vegetation
Mature deciduous and evergreen trees are throughout the cemetery. Deciduous trees include cottonwood, elm,
catalpa, linden, crabapple, Kentucky coffee tree, oak, and ash. Coniferous trees include Colorado spruce, douglas
fir, juniper, and cedar. Many of the mature trees are reaching the end of their life span and likely date to the 1920s
and 1930s when the Park Cemetery Association added vegetation to the property. In 2014, numerous ash trees
were removed due to Emerald Ash Borer infestation. Approximately 90 trees were planted between 2017 and
2019.
At Pioneer Gateway, mature trees define the entrance and a perennial bed is located in front of the gateway.
Irises are planted in beds between the sidewalk and fence along 9th Street and the north and south sides of the
cemetery. Some iris have spread outwards from the beds and into the cemetery.
Shrubs and perennials are located at individual grave sites. Lilac, roses, spirea, and viburnum are common shrubs
within the cemetery, however, many of these are in need of pruning or replacement. These individual plants likely
date from the 1970s or later, however, they are consistent with the cemetery’s historic appearance. A lawn covers
most of the cemetery’s open space and is in fair condition. Overgrown vegetation occurs along the narrow trench
at the cemetery’s western edge.
Vegetation is consistent with the cemetery's historic appearance, with evergreen and deciduous trees planted
throughout the cemetery to create a park-like feeling. Individual shrubs and perennials at gravesites are consistent
with the historic design, as photographs from the 1900s reveal that families planted blooming shrubs and
perennials around graves. Irises were donated by Long's Gardens and beds were planted around 1970. Since these
post-date the period of significance they are not contributing to the historic landscape, but are compatible.
Spatial Organization
The historic setting and spatial organization of Columbia Cemetery has remained intact since the end of the
period significance. The cemetery's spatial organization is a result of the establishment of a grid-like burial plot
arrangement and linear roadway system. The cemetery is arranged in a grid and separated into four main sections
(A,B,C, and D). Additional sections fill out the cemetery’s edge (sections E and F). Each section is then divided into
individual lots. A central circular area in the middle of the cemetery was originally left open; after approximately
1935, this area was filled in with graves.
Columbia Cemetery 8-16
The north-south and east-west oriented roads reinforce the spatial organization. Shade trees are typically planted
along this same grid pattern following the roads and paths. Views to the Flatirons connect the cemetery to its
context.
Circulation
Columbia Cemetery’s circulation system is composed of a grid of soft-surface roads and informal pedestrian
paths. The roads are approximately 12 feet wide and surfaced with gravel. They were originally designed and
established in 1915 for vehicular traffic but are used primarily today as pedestrian paths. Informal pedestrian
paths were established early during the period of significance, although it is unconfirmed if today’s informal paths
follow the same alignments as the historic routes.
Accessibility
The cemetery does not meet ADA standards. The gravel and dirt surfacing of the roads and paths are not ADA-
compliant, and have ponding and drainage issues. The entry points at the southern and north gates are narrow
and the widths do not meet ADA standards. Parking along the roadway does not meet ADA standards for the
quantity of daily visitors and the acreage and function of the site. One non-ADA-compliant port-o-let is located
near the Maintenance Shed.
Structures
Pioneer Gateway – This structure is comprised of two stone columns that flank the main vehicular entry. Two
swinging entry gates secure the cemetery’s entrance. The two stone columns are carved with lettering and are the
cemetery’s original signage. The south column reads ‘Columbia Cemetery’ and the north reads ‘Pioneer Gateway.’
Two large granite boulders are located just inside the cemetery near the gateway.
Stone Wall - A low stone wall extends south and west of Pioneer Gateway and retains the street grade along
9th Street. It extends in the opposite direction along Pleasant Street for approximately 30 feet. This wall is in fair
condition, with some repair, resetting, and repointing of stones needed. In some places, vegetation threatens the
structural integrity of the wall.
Maintenance Shed - This shed is a white, rectangular (15’x20’), wood vertical board and batten structure with
an asphalt roof. It was originally built circa 1882 and rehabilitated in 2015. Material storage is on its west and
north sides. Stone boulders extend from the west side to the north and end at a mature tree. There is overgrown
vegetation at the west side along the narrow trench. A low wall is near the east side access.
Volunteer Shed – This shed is a rectangular wood and corrugated metal structure with a central breezeway. The
shed was built in 2012. It has a small landscaped area and concrete sidewalk at the east side. There is a concrete
retaining wall at the south and west sides with corrugated metal siding and a concrete landing at the west end.
The building is in good condition but the Chronology plaque is broken and needs to be replaced in-kind.
Figure 1-5. Fence and gate at the southwest corner of the
property, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-6. Pioneer Gateway with perennial bed in
foreground, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
8-17
New Anderson Ditch - The ditch runs east to west across the northern half of the cemetery. It is approximately 6
feet wide and is lined with rubble boulder walls. Some stones have been displaced and the wall is in fair condition
but in need of repair and resetting of stones.
Culverts - Four concrete culverts are located along New Anderson Ditch. The culverts are covered with sandstone
blocks, which are in good condition. Some repair, resetting, and repointing of the sandstone is needed. Two of
the culverts were repaired in the early 2000s.
Narrow Trench - A narrow trench is located along the western edge of the cemetery. The trench is in poor
condition; it is uneven and collapsing in places, with no hard edge and is overgrown with vegetation. Some
headstones are in close proximity to the trench and are threatened by undercutting and erosion.
Small-Scale Features
Metal Fence and Gates - A metal picket fence with a top rail surrounds the cemetery on three sides. The fence
varies in condition but overall is in need of sanding and painting, and portions should be replaced in-kind. There
is a section on the southwest that appears to have been a recent restoration. Areas of rust, peeling, and damage
from vehicles is apparent along 9th Street. The attachment plates and concrete footings are mostly secure and
functioning well. Three decorative small metal gates occur along the fenceline, at the southwest, southeast, and
north side of the cemetery. They are in need of some sanding, painting, and replacement of parts in-kind.
Figure 1-7. Soft-surface roads are the primary circulation
routes through the cemetery, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-8. New Anderson Ditch with culverts at rear of
photograph, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-9. Aerial photograph of Columbia Cemetery, 1936
(source: CU Aerial Photographs of Colorado)
Figure 1-10. Columbia Cemetery, c. 1899 (source: Carnegie
Branch Library for Local History)
Columbia Cemetery 8-18
Grave Markers - Approximately 6,500 persons are buried in the cemetery. Many graves are unmarked, although it
is believed that these burials follow the established section/lot layout and are regularly placed with the cemetery
grounds. In other cases many individuals are marked by a single family marker. Some markers have multiple
names.
The cemetery includes more than 3,200 extant grave markers. These include ornate monuments, simple tablets,
and homemade folk markers. They are composed of a wide variety of materials: white bronze (cast zinc), marble,
granite, sandstone, rhyolite, wood, concrete, and found materials. The styles vary as well, from formal columns
and tablets to intricately carved stone to simple rocks with metal markers. Some family plots are surrounded by a
low stone or concrete coping, of which many have sunk below grade and are not visible. Around 100 fragmented
markers are documented and stored in or near the Maintenance Shed. The condition of the extant markers varies.
Some are leaning or in need of cleaning, and others are at risk of falling into the New Anderson Ditch or the
narrow trench at the west side of the cemetery.
Figure 1-11. Maintenance Shed, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-12. Stone wall and iron fence, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-13. Volunteer Shed, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)Figure 1-14. Mature deciduous and coniferous trees, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
8-19
Many iron flag holders have been unearthed since the late 1990s. These are stored in the Maintenance Shed and
represent veteran organizations and local Masonic and voluntary organizations (e.g. Order of the Eastern Star,
Women of Woodcraft). Additional flag holders and grave markers may be extant below grade.
Informational Sign - A kiosk is located near Pioneer Gateway that displays maps, rules, and cemetery history. It
is metal, constructed in the 2000s, and in good condition. Information signs attached to the iron fence that list
rules/regulations are near each gate.
Contemporary Fence - A contemporary fence is located along the cemetery’s west side adjacent to the school. It is
made of metal, steps with the grade, and has a gate near the Maintenance Shed.
Benches - Two Lyons sandstone benches are present within the cemetery, one at the Pioneer Gateway that is
dedicated to volunteers and another north of Anderson Ditch and northeast of the Maintenance Shed. These
were added between 2006 and 2012.
Trash Receptacles - There are trash receptacles located at the cemetery’s entrance gates. They are bear-proof steel
bins with plastic siding. Dog waste bag dispensers are located near the trash receptacles at all four entry points.
Spigots / Utility Access - Utility access panels are located along internal roads. Irrigation boxes are covered and
hidden by imitation rock.
Views and Viewsheds
Views to the Flatirons are present throughout the cemetery. These views are blocked in some places by mature
trees. A prominent view to the mountains is along the northern gravel road, and is framed by trees.
Columbia Cemetery 8-20
Figure 1-15. Columbia Cemetery Existing Condition, 2022 (source: SDS, Mundus Bishop)
2
7
8
6
10
3
5
4
9
11 Ninth StreetCollege AvenueEighth StreetPleasant Avenue
Mattie Dean Park
Flatirons
Elementary
School
New Anderson Ditch
1
Boulder Avenue
South Boulder Avenue
Avenue Reserve
East AvenueColumbia Avenue
South Avenue South AvenueSugarloaf AvenueGold Hill AvenueSection ASection B
Section C Section D
Section F
Section E
LEGEND
Columbia Cemetery Landmark
Primary Circulation
Structure
Burial Lot
Stone Wall with Metal Fence
Metal Fence
Metal Gate
Contemporary Fence
Culvert
Contributing
Vegetation
View
10
Pioneer Gateway
Perennial Bed*
Sandstone Bench*
Informational Sign*
New Anderson Ditch
Narrow Trench*
Maintentance Shed and boulders
Volunteer Shed and retaining wall*
Potters Field
War Veterans Grave Markers
Iris Beds*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
* Denotes non-contributing feature
11
Columbia Cemetery | Existing Condition and Analysis
0 40 80 ft20
N
October 2022
8-21
Table 1-1: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/
Non-Contributing
Topography
Pattern of raised and modified topography due to burials Good Contributing
Vegetation
Spruce and Cedar Trees (mature) (c. 1912)Good to Fair Contributing
Deciduous Trees (mature) (c. 1927)Good to Fair Contributing
Ornamental shrubs (lilac, spirea, viburnum, rose, juniper) at individual grave sites Fair Contributing
Iris beds (1970s)Fair Non-Contributing
Perennial bed at Pioneer Gateway Good Non-Contributing
Turf grass (1912)Fair Contributing
Overgrown vegetation along narrow trench Poor Non-Contributing
Circulation
Internal Vehicular roads Fair Contributing
Pedestrian Pathways Fair Contributing
Structures
Pioneer Gateway Good Contributing
Stone Walls Good to Fair Contributing
Culverts Fair Contributing
Maintenance Shed Good Contributing
Volunteer Shed and Concrete Retaining Wall Good Non-Contributing
New Anderson Ditch Good Contributing
Narrow Trench Poor Non-Contributing
Small-Scale Features
Iron Fence and Gates Good to Fair Contributing
Contemporary Fence Good Non-Contributing
Benches (2 Sandstone)Good Non-Contributing
Informational Sign Good Non-Contributing
Regulatory/Interpretive signage Good Non-Contributing
Grave Markers Varies Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
View of Boulder Flatirons Good Contributing
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Columbia Cemetery 8-22
Structural Condition
Pioneer Gateway
Pioneer Gateway is constructed of mortared stone masonry. The south pier is approximately 9’-8” wide by 6’-8”
tall and 2’-8” thick. The north pier is approximately 9’-5” wide by 6’-8” tall and 2’-4” thick. The stones used
to construct the piers are a mix of local red sandstone and granite. The stones are set in a hard mortar applied
in different campaigns, one of which included large aggregate. It is unknown how deep below grade the piers
extend.
Generally Pioneer Gateway is in good structural condition. The piers appear to be plumb and no evidence of
cracking of the masonry units or mortar. Some of the sandstone units are slightly eroded, however, none to the
point of significant structural section loss. The most major threat to the structural stability of the Gateway is
how close the vegetation is growing to the masonry (in some cases it is growing on the masonry structure). Not
only can the vegetation harbor excess moisture against the structure and cause the sandstone units to weather
quicker, but the root systems can also grow and extend into the structure and cause damage in the future.
Figure 1-16. Pioneer Gateway at the northeast corner of the
Columbia Cemetery, 2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-17. Note the close proximity of vegetation to the
stone structure, 2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-18. Some of the sandstone units are slightly eroding
as evidenced by their rounded edges on the Pioneer Gateway,
2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-19. Stone masonry wall around the east and north
sides of the Columbia Cemetery, 2022 (source: JVA)
8-23
Figure 1-20. Fencing and stone masonry site wall along the
east side of the Columbia Cemetery, 2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-21. Typical fence at a post. Note the decorative finial
and the diagonal brace, 2022 (source: JVA)
Stone Walls and Metal Fence
The walls around the perimeter of Columbia Cemetery are constructed of mulitiwythe stone masonry and are
typically about 18” thick. The stones used to construct the walls are a mix of local red sandstone and granite.
The stones are set in a hard mortar applied in different campaigns, one of which included large aggregate. It is
unknown how deep below grade the walls extend.
Along the north elevation, only the east portion of the wall is retaining approximately 16” to 20” of soil on the
north side of the wall. At the west portion of the north wall, the grade is about equal on both sides. Along the
east elevation, the north portion of the wall is retaining 15" to 20" of soil on the east (or street) side of the wall.
The south portion of the wall is retaining 0” to 15” of soil on the east (or street) side of the wall.
Generally the walls appear to be in good structural condition with no signs of major displacement or failure.
However, there are several deferred maintenance items that could cause structural issues in the future if not
addressed. These include the close proximity of vegetation to the wall (particularly along the north wall) and
routine maintenance of the mortar joints of the masonry (especially the top face of the wall since there is no
parge coat or coping stones).
The perimeter fence along the north, east, south, and a portion of the west sides of Columbia Cemetery is
constructed of iron and is approximately 42” tall from the top of foundation to the top of the top rail. The posts
are constructed of 1 1/4” x 1/4” bars with a decorative finial at the top and a metal post base connection at the
foundation. The pickets are constructed of 1/2” square rods turned on the diagonal. The top, bottom, and middle
rails are constructed of 1 1/4” by 3/8” deep channels that open downwards. The top rail is rounded over the
decorative finials of the posts. Each post is mounted either on a 16” diameter concrete pier with a diagonal brace
down to the pier, or directly to the stone masonry wall. The depth of the piers is unknown, but the distance from
the top of the foundation to grade varies along the length of the fence; in some places it is buried, in others it is
even with grade, and in some places it extends several inches above grade.
In most places, the fence is coated with an older layer of paint that has faded to a blueish hue. There are several
bays of fencing that have been coated with a glossy, black paint.
Generally the fence seems to be in good to fair condition. Although there are no major signs of failure and all
elements of the fence seem to be intact, there are several areas of damage that need to be addressed. The older
paint is peeling in many places and seems to no longer be protecting the metal elements. The areas painted with
the newer glossy black paint appear to be in better condition. Corrosion in the form of rust is visible in some
areas. Although the rust has not extended enough to cause section loss, it is possible that it could in the future if
not addressed. The other main issue is related to impact damage, primarily along 9th Street. Pickets, posts, and
rails are bent in some locations where they were likely hit by vehicles.
Columbia Cemetery 8-24
Culverts
There are two ellipse-shaped culverts located at Columbia Cemetery, both of which are constructed of reinforced
concrete. The west culvert is 4” thick and has inside dimensions of 60” wide by 36” tall. The east culvert is 5 ½”
thick and has inside dimensions of 72” wide by 42 ½” tall (it may be taller as quite a bit of sediment has collected
at the base of the culvert). These two culverts are replacements that were installed in the 1990s.
From a surficial perspective, the culverts are in fair condition. Although they appear to be performing their
function, there is one area where concrete has spalled and exposed rebar. There is also some scour of the cement
paste exposing the aggregate of the concrete. These culverts were not reviewed by a civil engineer as part of this
assessment and they will need to be in the future to determine if they are adequate for the flow of water and
loads of the walkway surface.
Figure 1-22. East side of the easternmost culvert, 2022
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-23. East side of the westernmost culvert, 2022
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-24. Concrete spalling on one of the concrete
culverts, 2022 (source: JVA)
8-25
Maintenance Shed
This structure is constructed of wood roof and wall framing on an integral concrete foundation and floor. It was
rehabilitated in 2015 with structural input from JVA. Since the building was not accessible for the assessment,
all interior observations are based on our previous design and construction administration experience with the
building.
Foundation and Floor
The shed is constructed on a 5" thick reinforced concrete slab-on-grade with a turned down slab edge that
extends a minimum of 18” below grade.
The foundation is in good condition showing no signs of subsidence or other displacement.
Roof Framing
The gable roof is framed with 2x4 rafters spaced at approximately 24” on center at an 8 on 12 slope. Original
and new collar ties installed in 2014 span across each rafter pair at the top of wall elevation. The roof is sheathed
with a layer of 1x variable width skip sheathing and a layer of plywood sheathing.
The roof framing is in good structural condition since the overall system is performing well and there are no
indications of failures or displacement from the exterior.
Wall Framing
The walls are framed with flat 2x4 studs aligned with the bearing of each rafter pair. A 2x4 plate tops the walls
and 2x4 girts at the third points of the wall height span around the perimeter of the building. At the base, the
flat studs bear on 2x6 upright plates around the perimeter of the building that are braced by inset flat 2x6 plates
anchored into the foundations. Holdowns from the wall framing into the foundation are located at each corner
and on either side of the south door. A double 2x10 header spans over the door opening. The studs are sheathed
with 1x variable width vertical siding.
The wall framing is in good structural condition from the exterior showing no signs of failure or displacement.
There are some minor issues located in isolated locations.
There are a few locations where there is some impact damage to the wood siding that have created holes in the
envelope. Other areas of the trim and siding are deteriorating due to decay fungi infestation, typically close to
grade or where vegetation is close to the building. The trim at the west jamb of the south door is broken at the
Figure 1-25. Southeast corner of the North or Historic Shed at
the Columbia Cemetery, 2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-26. Vegetation adjacent to the building along the
north elevation, 2022 (source: JVA)
Columbia Cemetery 8-26
Figure 1-27. Impact damage on a panel in the wood door of
the building, 2022 (source: JVA)
base.
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of the building consists of the roof diaphragm of the roof sheathing and
the exterior wall siding. Timberlock screws tie the roof framing to the wall framing and holdowns tie the wall
framing to the foundation.
The LFRS is in good condition with all necessary elements in place to resist lateral forces.
Volunteer Shed
The volunteer shed in Columbia Cemetery is in good condition. It is constructed of wood and steel rod roof truss
framing, with wood and steel rod walls on a concrete floor and foundation.
Foundation & Floor
The configuration of the shed’s foundation is unknown; however, based on the date and type of construction, it is
likely reinforced concrete slab-on-grade with a turned down slab edge.
The foundation below grade was not visible at the time of the site observations and drawings were not
made available to the team at the time of this report. However, where exposed, the foundation and floor are
performing adequately from a structural standpoint. There are no signs of differential settlement or other forms
of displacement or major cracking.
Figure 1-28. Broken trim at the west jamb of the south door,
2022 (source: JVA)
8-27
Roof Framing
The roof of the shed is framed with trusses spaced at 4’-0”. The trusses are constructed of flitch-plate top chords
made of two 1 3/4” by 7 1/4” LVLs with a center 1/4” thick steel plate. The vertical and diagonal webs are ½”
diameter rods that meet in the center of the truss at a 5 1/2” diameter plate ring constructed of 1/4” steel. The
roof is sheathed with 1/2” panel sheathing with a 40/20 span rating. The decking visible on the underside of the
breezeway does not serve a structural function, rather, it is aesthetic in nature.
The roof framing is in good to fair condition. The framing is adequate for the snow load associated with the site,
however, panel sheathing is not adequate to span between the roof trusses.
Wall Framing
The walls of the shed are framed with flitch plate studs aligned with each truss at 4’-0” on center. The flitch plate
studs are composed of two 1 3/4” by 7 1/4” LVL members with a steel plate in the center. The sizes could not be
confirmed since the interiors of the buildings were not accessible during site observations. All observations were
made via visual observation through a vertical strip of metal mesh in the walls of the breezeway.
At the interior spaces, the roof trusses connect to the wall studs with a custom steel saddle and steel plate
attached to the wall stud flitch plate. The tops of the wall studs are braced laterally with a let in 7 1/4” LVL beam
on the exterior face of the wall.
At the breezeway, the trusses bear on a header composed of two 1 3/4” x 7 1/4” LVLs and a center steel WT
member with the flange on the top side of the header.
The gable walls are constructed of dimensional lumber framing.
The wall framing is in good structural condition showing no signs of failure or widespread displacement.
Figure 1-29. Southwest corner of Volunteer Shed at Columbia Cemetery, 2022
(source: JVA)
Columbia Cemetery 8-28
Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS)
The lateral force resisting system is composed of the plywood roof diaphragm, steel rod x-braces in the north and
south walls of the interior portions of the shed, and diagonal wood braces in the east wall.
The LFRS is in good to fair condition. Although there are no signs of displacement caused by a previous lateral
event such as a windstorm or earthquake, it appears there are no visible diaphragm elements in the west gable
end wall and possibly in the gable walls of the breezeway. Therefore, there are only minimal elements in place to
resist lateral loads in the north-south direction. If there is plywood or x-braces hidden by the vertical siding of the
breezeway walls, the system may be adequate.
Figure 1-30. Concrete floor of Volunteer Shed as seen from
the breezeway, 2022 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-31. Typical roof framing of Volunteer Shed, 2022
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-32. Interior of the east portion of Volunteer Shed.
Note the roof and wall framing., 2022 (source: JVA)
8-29
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Pioneer Gateway, Stone Walls and Iron Fence, and Culverts
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Pioneer Gateway Stone masonry piers Good
Stone Walls Mulitiwythe stone masonry Good to Fair
Metal Fence Painted metal Good to Fair
Culverts Reinforced concrete Fair
Table 1-4: Condition Assessment of Volunteer Shed
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation and Floor Concrete slab Good
Roof Framing Dimensional lumber; Roof sheathing Good to Fair
Wall Framing Dimensional lumber Good
Lateral Force Resisting System Roof sheathing; Steel rod x-braces; Diagonal lumber wall bracing Good to Fair
Table 1-3: Condition Assessment of Maintenance Shed
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Foundation and Floor Reinforced concrete Good
Roof Framing Dimensional lumber Good
Wall Framing Dimensional lumber Good
Lateral Force Resisting System Roof sheathing; Wall siding Good
Columbia Cemetery 8-30
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-33. Pioneer Gateway, stone wall, iron fence and gate, 2022 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
Figure 1-34. Main cemetery entrance, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
8-31
Figure 1-35. Maintenance Shed with boulder wall, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-36. North entrance gate, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-37. Grave marker, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-38. Marble grave markers for Civil War soldiers,
2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-39. Culvert at New Anderson Ditch, 2022
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-40. Narrow trench along western boundary,
2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Columbia Cemetery 8-32
Figure 1-41. Columbia Cemetery Map, 1911 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-42. Woodmen of the World grave marker unveiling
ceremony, 1897 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local
History)
Figure 1-43. Markers at Columbia Cemetery and planted
trees behind, 1885-1905 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for
Local History)
8-33
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for Columbia Cemetery, emphasizing its preservation and
repair, and allowing for the addition of compatible improvements, where appropriate. Treatment guidance,
presented in this section, informs current and future planning and design for Columbia Cemetery based upon this
rehabilitation approach.
This treatment guidance provides actions and recommendations to guide the holistic stewardship of Columbia
Cemetery to ensure its continued use as one of City of Boulder's significant historic resources and as a burial and
funerary location.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and in
support of current and planned future uses. This section provides actions to protect significant cultural resources,
and repair contributing features. Treatment recommendations identify where repair is needed to reveal historic
features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Future work planned for Columbia Cemetery shall be guided
by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, and accomplished by using
accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter 9-11 (Historic Preservation) of
the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Columbia Cemetery is one of Boulder's earliest cemeteries and the burial place of many persons important
to Boulder's history. The historically significant property is a pastoral landscape organized on a geometric grid
with rectilinear paths and drives, characterized by mature trees and a wide variety of funerary art that exhibits
the artistry associated with the late nineteenth and early-twentieth century. A diverse cross section of the city's
population was buried in Columbia Cemetery beginning in the 1870s. The grounds represent the national trend
of the rural-garden cemetery movement of the Victorian Era.
Guiding Principles
• Protect Columbia Cemetery as a distinct composition of spaces, grave markers, plantings and features
that create its distinctive historic character.
• Preserve, protect, and repair Columbia Cemetery's contributing features and those characteristics that
contribute to its historic character, including its park-like setting, grave markers, structures, and ditches.
• Continue city-led efforts to document burials and features and share this information with the public.
• Continue to maintain and restore grave markers with a qualified conservator.
Columbia Cemetery 8-34
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Columbia Cemetery. This
guidance should be followed when undertaking design and planning for Columbia Cemetery or when proposing
modifications to contributing features. Treatment guidance is presented according to six landscape characteristics
– spatial organization and topography, circulation, structures, small-scale features, vegetation.
Spatial Organization and Topography
Columbia Cemetery's historic setting and spatial organization reflects its development along a grid-like burial
plot arrangement and linear roadway system, separating the cemetery into four main sections (A,B,C, and D),
and sections on the cemetery’s edge (sections E and F). The cemetery road system and topography reinforces
its arrangement. The Cemetery's natural terrain and topographic fluctuations due to burials is important to its
character.
• Protect Columbia Cemetery's composition by preserving and repairing its characteristic topography,
vegetation patterns, and setting.
Circulation
Columbia Cemetery’s circulation system is composed of this grid of soft-surface roads and informal pedestrian
paths were originally designed and established in 1915 for vehicular traffic but are now primarily used today as
pedestrian paths.
• Protect Columbia Cemetery's soft surface roads.
○Preserve the characteristic north-south and east-west oriented roads.
○Repair and replace missing or damaged surface material with in-kind materials that match the
original in color, texture, and pattern.
• Continue the current practice of the soft-surface roads serving as pedestrian routes.
• Provide accessible routes within Columbia Cemetery for an equitable experience for all users. Create
designated accessible routes and seating areas, where appropriate and compatible with contributing
features.
Structures
Original structures associated with Columbia Cemetery include Pioneer Gateway, stone wall, culverts, the
Maintenance Shed, and New Anderson Ditch.
• Protect contributing structures in original locations.
○Preserve and repair extant features in-place.
Small-Scale Features
Original features that remain include fences and gates and grave markers (more than 3,200).
• Protect and repair fences and gates in their original locations.
• Allow new small-scale features where appropriate, such as benches.
• Maintain contributing small-scale features through regular maintenance.
• Continue to maintain and restore grave markers with a qualified conservator and with qualified
volunteers.
8-35
Vegetation
Linear rows and groupings of mature deciduous and evergreen trees define spaces, entrances, roads, and views.
• Protect contributing tree patterns and mature vegetation.
○Repair and replace missing or damaged trees and patterns of trees using in-kind species or those
similar to the original in form and texture.
○Follow a successional approach to preserve contributing trees and to facilitate infill and new tree
plantings. Ensure future plantings do not interfere with grave marker or grave integrity.
Structural Treatment Guidance
Volunteer Shed - Retain the existing structure as a non-contributing structure.
Maintenance Shed
Preserve and repair extant structural features including foundations, floor, roof framing, and walls.
• Wall Framing: Repair or replace damaged trim and siding.
Pioneer Gateway
Preserve and repair extant structural features including the masonry piers.
• Monitor the sandstone units for further erosion. If too much section loss occurs, it may be necessary to
replace the more eroded units.
• Periodically maintain the mortar joints by raking out deteriorated mortar that is easily removed and
repointing with a compatible mortar as determined by a mortar analysis of a sample of the original
mortar.
• Remove vegetation growing out of the masonry structures. Keep adjacent vegetation trimmed back and
away from the masonry structures as much as possible.
Culverts
Coordinate with other agencies to preserve and repair existing culverts.
• Remove the rust from any exposed rebar and coat with a galvanic paint.
• Patch the spalls and scoured surfaces with a repair mortar that will withstand the constant exposure to
flowing water. Maintain periodically as necessary.
• Consult with civil engineer to evaluate the condition of the culverts to determine if they are adequate for
the flow of water and to support the loads of the walkway surface.
Columbia Cemetery 8-36
Site Walls & Fence
Preserve and repair extant contributing site features including the site walls and fence.
• Site Walls
○Keep adjacent vegetation trimmed away from masonry walls as much as possible.
○Periodically maintain mortar joints, including upward facing joints in the tops of the wall. Raking
out deteriorated mortar that is easily removed and repoint with a compatible mortar. Determine
compatible mortar by conducting a mortar analysis of the original mortar.
• Fence
○Remove peeling paint and rust with a wire brush and coat all metal elements with a protective
coating. Choose a proper coating by performing coating trials of different products to determine the
most compatible product.
○If any areas of section loss due to corrosion are found, remove the element and replace in-kind.
○Straighten elements affected by impact damage where possible. If not, remove those elements and
replace in-kind.
• Grave markers
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; relevancy
to other current plans.
1 - Conduct repairs for safety and stabilization of contributing features and those that contribute to the
historic character of Columbia Cemetery.
• Culverts - Consult with civil engineer to evaluate the culverts and their capacity to accommodate flows
and uses. Coordinate repairs of concrete culverts with appropriate agencies.
• Repair and replace damaged masonry.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of contributing features and those that contribute to the historic
character of Columbia Cemetery.
• Maintenance Shed - Repair or replace deteriorated or damaged siding and trim.
• The Pioneer Gateway - Repair Pioneer Gateway. Remove vegetation growing in masonry structure and
keep adjacent vegetation trimmed back.
• Headstones - Continue restoration of damaged or missing headstones.
• Site Walls & Fence - Repair perimeter walls and repaint the fence. Straighten or replace damaged metal
fence elements.
3 - Programming
• Engage volunteers to assist with regular maintenance of Columbia Cemetery.
• Complete the geo-referenced site map.
8-37
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
Boulder Daily Camera. Columbia Cemetery Restoration Articles - 1987 through 2014. Available through Boulder
Carnegie Branch Library for Local History.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Columbia Cemetery History," City of Boulder. Accessed October 7, 2022. https://bouldercolorado.gov/columbia-
cemetery-history).
Hudson, Helen. “Columbia Cemetery,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1987.
“Riverside Cemetery Listing,” Colorado Preservation Inc. Accessed October 7, 2022. http://coloradopreservation.
org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/riverside-cemetery.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
Potter, Elisabeth Walton and Beth Boland. National Register Bulletin #41: Guidelines for Evaluating and
Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places. Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
1992.
Sladek, Ron. “Golden Cemetery,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 2011.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
Winter & Company and Blackwood & Company. Columbia Cemetery Preservation Master Plan. Boulder, CO: The
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Department, 1997.
Columbia Cemetery 8-38
MAY 2023
PEARL STREET MALL
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020, 2021, 2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop. Historic photographs (pre-2020)
provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local History
and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
Common Terminology ........................................................9-4
Property Overview ..............................................................9-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ............9-5
Designation Boundary ........................................................9-6
History & Significance .........................................................9-7
Integrity ...............................................................................9-10
Existing Condition ..............................................................9-13
Landscape Condition ...................................................9-13
Landscape Characteristics ..........................................9-19
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ............9-28
Additional Images .............................................................9-30
Sketches / Plans .................................................................9-35
Treatment ...........................................................................9-38
Resources ...........................................................................9-41
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Newly completed Pearl Street Mall,1977 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation” (Washington
DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property
to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Pearl Street Mall
Downtown Boulder, CO
11th to 15th Street, building facade to building facade
NA / Longitude: NA
NA
NA
2.72 Acres / 118,500 SF
Mall (1976 to 1977), Interpretive Elements and Lighting (1999)
Carl Worthington, Planning (1966) Everett Ziegel, Architect (1977)
Sasaki Associates, Architect (1977) Communication Arts (1977 and 1999)
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Downtown Boulder
Historic District
(Local & NRHP)**
Site(s)
Building(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s) 6
Play Area and Bridge Node
Nature Forms Node
Feature(s)
Light Posts (1977 & 1999)
Downtown Boulder
Directories (1999)
within the boundaries
x District(s)**
Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
x Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
NRHP Evaluation Criterion (District) ** 7
Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives of
persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be likely
to yield, information important in prehistory or history
State Register of
Historic Places
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
x Listed (District)**
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
Period of Significance
Local: 1857 to 1946 (District)
NRHP: 1857 to present (District)
Recommended for 1966 to 1977 (original construction)
Pearl Street Mall: 1999 (Communication Arts additions)
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark**
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
x National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)**
Not Designated
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
HD-99-1
6080
6/18/99
5BL.240
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
** Pearl Street Mall is included within the boundaries of the Downtown Boulder Historic District National Register of Historic Places district designated in
1980; and within the Downtown Historic District designated as a local City of Boulder Historic District in 1999. Pearl Street is not evaluated in the NRHP
listing.
4 Susan B. Baldwin. “Downtown Boulder Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Form (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, 1980).
5 Ibid.
6 Objects and features were evaluated for Pearl Street Mall's period of significance as recommended in this document.
7 None identified by NRHP listing.
9-5
Areas of Significance
Commerce
Agriculture
Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Entertainment / Recreation
Community Planning and Development
Exploration / Settlement
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
Pearl Street Mall is within the Downtown Historic District, which is generally bounded by Walnut Street on the
south, Spruce Street on the north, 16th Street on the east and 10th Street on the west. The Downtown Historic
District is the largest and most architecturally significant group of commercial buildings in the city including the
Boulder County Courthouse, the Boulder Theater and the Boulderado Hotel.
Pearl Street Mall from extends from 11th Street to 15th Street and extends from building facade to building
facade. Pearl Street Mall's boundary includes the entire four block Pearl Street Mall and adjacent alleyways. It
includes play nodes, public restrooms, seating areas, food vendor/information structures, and art installations.
Pearl Street Mall's boundary crosses the intersections of Broadway, 13th, and 14th Streets but does not include
the street crossings.
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary for Pearl Street Mall in white. Designation boundary for Downtown Historic District in red.
(source: Google Earth 2022)Pearl Street Mall15th Street
14th Street
13th Street
11th Street
Broadway Spruce StreetWalnut Street16h Street
10th Street
9th Street
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-6
9-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Pearl Street Mall is a four block pedestrian mall in downtown Boulder that developed at the height of the
national mall movement during the 1970s. It extends from 11th Street to 15th Street and includes the public
space from building facade to building facade. It is significant for its association for the works of prominent
Boston landscape architecture firm Sasaki Associates, its role in the city for the vision of Carl Worthington and
the Boulder Planning Board, and for Commerce and Entertainment/Recreation. The recommended period of
significance for Pearl Street Mall of 1966 to 1977 coincides with its master plan development and concludes with
the completion of construction in 1977. Pearl Street Mall is within the Downtown Boulder Historic District listed in
the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and Downtown Historic District designated by the City of Boulder
Landmarks Board and City of Boulder City Council in 1999. Pearl Street Mall is significant as a rare example of the
modification of a street designed for vehicular traffic into a linear urban park for public use and enjoyment. It is
significant for its association with the works of masters and its importance as a civic space within Boulder. It is one
of four pedestrian malls in Colorado and one of seventy-five across the country.8
Background History
Boulder City Town Company was established in 1859 as a supply town after gold was discovered in the
mountains outside Nederland, Colorado. The gold discovery led to a boom of miners lining Pearl Street with horse
and mule drawn supply wagons as the primary access route to mining operations. Shops and saloons were built
along Pearl Street, which created one of the first commerce centers in the area. Streetcars became a popular
means of transportation in the early 1900s, first by horses and eventually rail. The automobile quickly replaced the
streetcars when Pearl Street became the first paved street in Boulder in 1917.
The population of Boulder grew immensely after WWII and the desire of suburban shopping centers became
central. In 1963 the first major indoor shopping center was built on the outskirts of east Boulder and became a
threat to the shops on Pearl Street. Downtown Boulder, like many urban centers across the country, struggled to
maintain economic stability and became associated with crime and decline. In 1963 Pearl Street was temporarily
closed to traffic between 11th and 14th Streets to test an outdoor pedestrian mall, which was disassembled after
a brief period. The installation made the idea of a pedestrian mall a possibility in downtown Boulder.
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall was envisioned by Carl Worthington and the planning board of Boulder as early as
1966. It was designed by nationally renowned landscape architects Sasaki Associates between 1973 and 1977,
with construction beginning in 1976. Pearl Street Mall is a rare example of the mid-century modern style and one
of only two pedestrian malls designed during this period within the state of Colorado. The mall is an exemplary
example of a mid-century pedestrian mall and is one of a few remaining within the country. Four blocks of Pearl
Street, between 11th and 15th Streets were selected for construction as a pedestrian mall by city planners and
civic leaders in 1966. Sasaki Associates designed the mall with the ideals of providing a space for pedestrians
separate from vehicles and social engagement. After public approval in 1964, Phase 1 commenced construction
in June 1976 and was completed and designated a new city park in August 1977.
In 1999 Communication Arts was hired by the City of Boulder to design improvements to Pearl Street Mall to
accommodate current and future uses. Modifications included widened sidewalks, removal of lawn spaces,
updated lighting and signage, and removal of tree planters at Boulder Courthouse to create space for updated
infrastructure and gathering spaces. Art sculptures along the mall have changed but have remained a consistent
presence for decades.
8 “Pedestrian malls in the United States,” Wikipedia, accessed March 30, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_malls_in_the_United_States.
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-8
Definition of Context/ Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
Pearl Street Mall is associated with the themes of Landscape Architecture, Community Planning and
Development, Commerce, and Entertainment/Recreation. The development of Pearl Street Mall from a vehicular
street into a pedestrian mall was in response to the community’s initiatives for urban places. It is representative
of the local community’s actions and of the national trend of the revitalization of downtowns of all sizes through
pedestrian-oriented initiatives. As Boulder’s downtown declined, community and civic leaders initiated Pearl Street
Mall as a mechanism to draw businesses and users to a revitalized city core. The trend to integrate pedestrian
malls into established downtowns began in the late 1950s and early 1960s and extended through the 1980s.
Pearl Street Mall is an exemplary example of the national trend in pedestrian mall construction with continued
successful use as originally intended.
Pearl Street Mall is significant due to its development as a designed public landscape within downtown Boulder.
The development of Pearl Street from a vehicular thoroughfare to a pedestrian mall was led by planner Carl
Worthington, who served on the city’s planning commission from 1960 to the 1970s. The design documents
were prepared by the nationally renowned landscape architecture and planning firm of Sasaki Associates with
construction completed in 1977. During the time Sasaki Associates collaborated with city planners and civic
leaders, the firm was instrumental in developing projects on the University of Colorado campus including the
Master Plan for the campus from 1960 to 1970.
Associated Property Types
Pearl Street Mall has exceptional importance as a rare example of only a few downtown pedestrian malls that
remain intact within the United States. At the height of pedestrian mall development in the 1960s and 1970s
more than 200 pedestrian malls were being developed or were in existence across the county including several
within Colorado. As of 2018 only 75 remained with many failing and considered for demolition. In addition to
Boulder, several other Colorado cities initiated the modification of core downtown streets into pedestrian malls.
This included Downtown Aspen Pedestrian Mall completed in 1982 that formalized a decades long experiment
into three connected blocks, and Linden Street Mall in Fort Collins built in 1984. Denver and Grand Junction
integrated other modes into their city’s central malls – transit on Denver’s 16th Street Mall and one lane of traffic
along a curved route in Grand Junction.
Pearl Street Mall is a rare example of the mid-century modern style and one of only two pedestrian malls designed
during this period within the state of Colorado. Its four blocks of Pearl Street, between 11th and 15th avenues
were selected for construction as a pedestrian mall by city planners and civic leaders in 1966. Sasaki Associates
designed the mall with the ideals of providing a space for pedestrians separate from vehicles and choreographed
for movement and social engagement.
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
The detailed plans for Pearl Street Mall brought aspects of an urban park into the downtown city core along
Pearl Street. Pearl Street Mall was dedicated as a public park on August 6, 1977. The design includes a consistent
ground plane of brick paving, nodes for community gathering including a children’s play node with animal
sculptures for climbing and an open space at Boulder County Courthouse. Rows of linden trees for shade lined
many blocks that include areas of undulating topography for interest and as a nod to Boulder’s setting at the
foot of the Flatirons. Custom-designed kiosks, light fixtures and signage were integral to the design. The design
was built as intended and remains today with few changes aside from tree replacements, minor additions, and
modifications. Pearl Street Mall continues today as a vital component of downtown Boulder.
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
Pearl Street Mall is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is within the Downtown Boulder Historic
District. The architectural elements that surround it, including building facades, alleys, and the spatial relationship
of the adjacent shops and restaurants to the outdoors, is important to its role as a pedestrian mall. Pearl Street
Mall is within the boundaries of the NRHP district but was not elevated as a feature or component at the time the
nomination was prepared.
9-9
Statement of Significance
Pearl Street Mall is significant as an exemplary pedestrian mall built during the national mall movement of the
1960s to early 1980 and for its role in the development of downtown Boulder during this time. It is Boulder’s
only pedestrian mall and one of the few remaining extant pedestrian malls in the country. Pearl Street Mall is a
rare example of an intact pedestrian mall with continued successful use as a place for engagement and center
for commerce and business as originally intended. Pearl Street Mall is the representative work of local planner
Carl Worthington who prepared the master plan, and the landscape architecture firm Sasaki Associates who
designed and detailed the mall, and Communication Arts, a Boulder graphic design and communication firm,
who designed interpretive elements and lighting in 1999.
Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance for Pearl Street Mall is 1966 to 1977. This period includes the master
planning efforts for the pedestrian mall that began in 1966 and concludes in 1977, the year Pearl Street Mall
opened as a public park. A secondary period of significance for Pearl Street Mall is 1999, which captures the
introduction of interpretive elements and lighting designed by Communication Arts. This period of significance
is independent of the Downtown Boulder Historic District's national listing and local landmark district status. It
reflects the development of Pearl Street as a pedestrian mall and is evaluated on its own merit.
Summary of Use
Historic Use and Current Use
Pearl Street has been a major thoroughfare within the City of Boulder since the late 1870s. Prior to the
construction of Pearl Street Mall in the late 1970s, Pearl Street served as a mining supply route and loading area
from the 1870s until the late 1910s. Pearl Street has served as a commercial street from the 1880s through
present-day. Between 1891 and the late 1910s, a horse-drawn street car operated along Pearl Street, which also
included the Interurban Railroad Street Car that operated from 1908 to the late 1910s. Automobile traffic began
in 1917 and was present on Pearl Street until the street was transformed into a pedestrian mall in 1977. Pearl
Street's essential role in Downtown Boulder is epitomized by the city's choice to host special events such as the
city's annual 4th of July Parade. In the 1950s and 1960s, and with the opening of Crossroads Mall, commercial
use had diminished along Pearl Street.
The transformation of Pearl Street Mall into a pedestrian promenade and public open space created a center
of commerce and public gathering within the City of Boulder. Pearl Street Mall offers shopping, dining, street
performances, play, and commerce, along with concert series, festivals and other special events.
Figure 1-3. The 1100 Block of Pearl Street with wooden
boardwalk, c. 1881 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for
Local History)
Figure 1-4. Band on the Bricks Performance on Pearl Street Mall,
2018 (source: Downtown Boulder)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-10
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Pearl Street Mall has been assessed to determine if the landscape characteristics that shaped the
original construction within its period of significance (1976 to 1977) and significant periods that followed (1999)
are present as they were historically. Integrity is evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, design,
setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Pearl Street Mall remains similar to the original construction completed in 1977 and the addition of features in
1999, and retains integrity in all seven aspects of integrity: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship,
feeling, and association.
Location
Pearl Street Mall remains in its original location, which includes the four blocks from 11th Street to 15th Street as
originally installed in 1977.
Setting
Pearl Street Mall's setting remains very similar to how it appeared at the completion of construction. Changes to
the setting include new construction at 11th Street and 15th Street. Alterations to seating and vegetation have
occurred with replacements and updates.
Design
Pearl Street Mall's original design remains intact including the brick paved promenade, raised brick planters, play
nodes, and mature vegetation. Structures and small-scale features that remain include flagpoles, bollards, posting
kiosks, the Big Flower Pot, the Bicentenniary Paver, and the Waterface Sculpture. Rehabilitations in the late
1990s and early 2000s modified nodes and small-scale features but did not alter the original design and historic
character. Interpretive elements and lighting added in 1999 add to the historic character and remain similar to
their original design.
Materials
Original materials remain intact for most of Pearl Street Mall with the exception of some individual brick pavers
and some small-scale features such as bike racks and benches. Brick pavers and wood benches have been
replaced in-kind while other furnishings have been replaced with modern features. Materials of original and initial
replacements appear intact.
Workmanship
Original materials on Pearl Street Mall remain and workmanship is consistent with the original installation
including distinct brick pavers, raised brick planters, and play nodes.
Feeling
Pearl Street Mall retains the original feeling as an open pedestrian promenade that encourages community
interaction, engagement, and commerce.
Association
Pearl Street Mall retains its association and importance within downtown Boulder and the greater Boulder civic
area.
9-11
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
Feb 10
1859
Gold miners established Boulder City Town Company as a supply town for miners in the
mountains. Fifty-four prospectors searching for gold established the company at the base of
the foothills.
Downtown Boulder /
Landmarks
1870 After gold was discovered outside of Boulder, a surge of horse and mule drawn wagons lined
Pearl Street with supplies on a regular basis. The wagons would head up the one-lane road
from Pearl Street towards the town of Nederland to bring miners supplies.
Harrington
1880s Surveyors sighted across a stake (present-day Broadway and Pearl) to Valmont Butte to the
east to determine a straight line for Pearl Street.
Downtown Boulder
1880s Flagstone replaced wooden sidewalks built by shop owners along Pearl Street.Downtown Boulder
1891 Horse-drawn streetcar was built along Pearl Street. The street was plowed and scraped when
tracks were laid.
Downtown Boulder
1908 Large streetcars of the Interurban Railroad transported passengers along Pearl Street from
12th (present-day Broadway) to 31st. The rail extended for the length of Pearl Street and
brought passengers all the way to Denver.
Downtown Boulder
1917 Pearl Street from 11th to 17th became the first street in Boulder to be paved for automobiles.
Uniform fifteen-foot wide concrete sidewalks flanked both sides of the road.
Downtown Boulder
1930s Store fronts were lowered in an attempt at modernization. The first street light in Boulder was
installed at Pearl and Broadway.
Downtown Boulder
1950s to
1960s
City of Boulder experienced a boom in population after WWII, which led to suburban develop-
ment. Crossroads Mall (present-day 29th Street Mall) was built in 1963, impacting commerce
on Pearl Street. Downtown Boulder experienced higher levels of crime downtown.
Downtown Boulder
1963 Pearl Street briefly closed from 11th to 14th Street to test an outdoor pedestrian mall instal-
lation to maintain downtown economic viability. Temporary planters with small trees, flowers,
and shrubs were installed within the street cross section.
Harrington
1966 Carl Worthington began early planning for revitalizing downtown Boulder as a member of the
Planning Board and Committee for the Exploration of the Core Area Potential (CECAP).
Downtown Boulder /
Worthington
1966 CECAP changes its name to ‘Boulder Tomorrow’ under the leadership of volunteer Director
Sally Irwin. A two-phase downtown improvement project was created. The first phase sought
planning assistance and fund raising. The second phase created a proposal and plan for down-
town development. Two downtown development plans were rejected, including one proposing
a four-block pedestrian mall on Pearl Street by Carl Worthington Partnership.
Streets
1970 Governor John A. Love signed the “Public Mall Act” officially allowing Boulder and other Colo-
rado cities to close streets for the construction of pedestrian malls.
Downtown Boulder
1970 Boulder established the Central Area General Improvement District (CAGID) to provide parking
and improvements for a thirty-five block area in downtown Boulder.
Downtown Boulder
1973 Worthington commissioned to prepare the first phase of the master plan for Pearl Street Mall.Worthington
1974 Boulder Mayor Penfield Tate appointed a Core Area Revitalization Committee (CARC) to estab-
lish ‘Downtown Boulder Mall.”
Downtown Boulder
1974 Phase 1 is approved after a year of public meetings by a margin of 86%.Worthington
1974 City of Boulder applied for and received a federal grant from the 1974 Community Housing
and Development Act of $650,000 (a third of the cost). Property owners provided the remain-
ing $1.2 million needed to build the four block brick-paved pedestrian mall.
Boulder Archives /
Streets
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-12
Date Event Source
Jun 12
1976
The section of Pearl Street between 11th and 15th was closed to traffic. Construction began on
Pearl Street Mall.
Downtown Boulder /
Westword
Aug 6
1977
Dedication of Pearl Street Mall, designated as “Downtown Boulder Mall” and classified as a
new city park.
Worthington / Har-
rington
Sep 1977 City Council banned dogs, bicycling, skateboarding, and tossing frisbees on Pearl Street Mall
with increasing concerns for pedestrians and obstacles.
Harrington
1980 The Boulder downtown area, which includes Pearl Street Mall, was listed in the National
Register of Historic Places. The boundaries included 9th through 16th streets between Walnut
and Pine streets, which included 168 properties and 125 buildings. Although this designation
provided recognition, almost 15% of the buildings in the district were demolished between
1980 and 1996.
Landmarks / NRHP
1980 Boulder Mall receives HUD National Award for Urban Environmental Design, Project Design
Honor Award.
Sasaki
1984 A task force began drafting a Downtown Boulder Plan. The plan was never approved. Downtown Plan
Mid
1980s
The City of Boulder begins planting tulips on the Boulder Mall, a traditional that continues
through the present-day.
Boulder Gov
1992 Boulder Planning Board, Downtown Management Commission, and Downtown Design Advi-
sory Board work together to develop the Boulder Downtown Plan and Illustrative for revitaliza-
tion of the downtown area.
Downtown Plan
1998 City of Boulder Renamed Downtown Boulder Mall ‘Pearl Street Mall.’Boulder Gov
1999 Boulder Downtown Historic District is designated as a local historic district that includes all of
Pearl Street Mall.
Landmarks
1999 Communication Arts is hired by the city to redesign and improve Pearl Street Mall. Modifica-
tions included widening sidewalks, removing lawn spaces, and removing tree planters near the
County Courthouse for a pop-jet fountain.
Westword
Jun to
Nov 2002
The Pop-Jet Fountain of the 1300 Block completed by Waterworks International. Weeping Rock
/ Split Rocks on the 1100 Block of Pearl Street Mall installed. Stones and bridge of the Play and
Bridge Area replaced.
Boulder Gov
2011 Play and Bridge Area and Nature Forms refurbished including the addition of soft surface pav-
ing (PIP) for ADA access.
Boulder Gov
2018 Boulder's Downtown Urban Design Guidelines completed, which included Pearl Street Mall.Boulder Gov
9-13
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Pearl Street Mall is a linear urban public space within the core of downtown Boulder, stretching for four blocks
of Pearl Street - from 11th Street on the west to 15th Street on the east. The public space is defined by the north
and south building facades of Pearl Street and follows the east-west axis of the downtown street grid. Pearl Street
Mall is characterized by a consistent ground plane of brick paving, punctuated by nodes for community gathering
that include a children’s play node with animal sculptures for climbing and an open space at Boulder County
Courthouse. Each block includes some component of play, gathering or public art. Rows of linden trees line
several blocks, periodically interrupted by areas of undulating topography, originally designed to add interest and
as a nod to Boulder’s setting at the foot of the Flatirons. Custom-designed kiosks, light fixtures and signage are
integral components. Views to the west are towards the Boulder Flatirons and western foothills. Pearl Street Mall
continues today as a vital component of downtown Boulder.
Pearl Street Mall was built as intended and remains largely intact from its completion in 1977. Original materials
and features that remain include the consistent ground plane of brick paving and raised brick planters. Several
original play and gathering nodes, objects, and small-scale features remain, including the Play Area and Bridge
and Nature Forms nodes, Waterface Sculpture, Bicentenniary Paver, the Big Flower Pot, posting kiosks, flagpoles,
3-to-4 globe light posts and rectangular wood benches. Groves of mature evergreen and deciduous trees remain.
Modifications after the period of significance include the removal of lawn areas, improvements to play nodes, tree
replacements, and the addition of art sculptures. The lawn area on the westernmost block, the 1100 Block, was
removed and replaced with seating and a split rock sculpture. The Play area and Bridge on the 1200 Block remain,
although the crusher fines paving and bridge have been replaced. Three structures were added to the 1300 Block
near Boulder County Courthouse - a food vendor facility, an information kiosk, and public restroom. At Boulder
County Courthouse, the lawn area was reduced to expand Pearl Street Mall with the addition of light posts and
shade awnings. The pop-jet fountain was added just west of the food vendor. The lawn area on the 1400 Block
was removed and replaced by the animal play node and an electronic map. Small-scale features including bike
racks, light posts, and wood benches have been replaced since the 1977 completion.
Figure 1-5. Planting plan of 1100 Block of Pearl Street Mall, 1976 (source: City of Boulder)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-14
Figure 1-6. Pearl Street Mall Existing Condition, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
1
Walnut StreetUnited States
Postal Service
Boulder
Theater
Spruce Street1200 Block
1300 Block
1400 Block
1100 Block
14th Street
15th Street
13th Street
Broadway
11th Street
Boulder
County
Courthouse
0 40 80 ft20
N
Mundus Bishop | August 2022 Pearl Street | Existing Condition
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
Site Boundary
Pedestrian Mall Pavers
Pedestrian Crossings
Posting Kiosk
Sign
Art Sculpture
Bench
Light Post
Bollard
Drinking Fountain
Illuminated Map
Nature Forms
Pop-jet Fountain
Bicentenniary Paver
National State Bank Clock
Play Area and Bridge
Flagpoles
The Big Flower Pot
Split Rock Sculpture
Waterface Sculpture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
LEGEND
9-15
Figure 1-7. Modifications to the 1100 Block of Pearl Street Mall include lawn removal and the addition of the kiosk and art
sculptures. Pearl Street Mall plan, 1977 (source: City of Boulder), top; and existing condition, 2022 (source Mundus Bishop),
bottom.
Walnut Street United States Postal ServiceBoulder TheaterSpruce Street
14th Street15th Street13th StreetBroadway11th StreetBoulder County Courthouse0 40 80 ft20NMundus Bishop | August 2022 Pearl Street | Existing Condition
NArea of Modification
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-16
Figure 1-8. Modifications to the 1200 Block of Pearl Street Mall include the replacement of tree grates and relocation of
benches and art sculpture. Pearl Street plan, 1977 (source: City of Boulder), top; and existing condition, 2022 (source: Mundus
Bishop), bottom.
Walnut Street United States Postal ServiceBoulder TheaterSpruce Street
14th Street15th Street13th StreetBroadway11th StreetBoulder County Courthouse0 40 80 ft20NMundus Bishop | August 2022 Pearl Street | Existing Condition
NArea of Modification
9-17
Figure 1-9. Modifications to the 1300 Block of Pearl Street Mall include the removal of lawn at Boulder County Courthouse
that was replaced with paving and the light post with shade structure, the addition of the information kiosks and the food
vendor, and the relocation of the Bicentenniary Paver. Light posts with shade structure and the Downtown Boulder Mall
directories were added during the 1999 redesign. Pearl Street plan, 1977 (source: City of Boulder), top; and existing condition,
2022 (source: Mundus Bishop), bottom.
Walnut Street United States Postal ServiceBoulder TheaterSpruce Street
14th Street15th Street13th StreetBroadway11th StreetBoulder County Courthouse0 40 80 ft20NMundus Bishop | August 2022 Pearl Street | Existing Condition
N
Area of Modification
Boulder County
Courthouse
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-18
Figure 1-10. Modifications to the 1400 Block of Pearl Street Mall include the removal of lawn, which was replaced with
paving and the Illuminated Map, art sculptures, and kiosks. Pearl Street plan, 1977 (source: City of Boulder), top; and existing
condition, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop), bottom.
Walnut Street United States Postal ServiceBoulder TheaterSpruce Street
14th Street15th Street13th StreetBroadway11th StreetBoulder County Courthouse0 40 80 ft20NMundus Bishop | August 2022 Pearl Street | Existing Condition
NArea of Modification
9-19
Landscape Characteristics
Pearl Street Mall is evaluated according to a series of landscape characteristics that describe its tangible and
intangible aspects. These characteristics collectively create the historic character of Pearl Street Mall and assist
in describing its historical, architectural and cultural importance. Pearl Street Mall and its individual features are
documented according to seven landscape characteristics: spatial organization, circulation, structures, objects,
small-scale features, vegetation, and views and viewsheds.
Spatial Organization
Pearl Street Mall is a linear space that encompasses four city blocks and extends from building facade to building
facade. This linear arrangement, supported by a common vocabulary of materials, features, and vegetation that
extends for all four blocks, creates Pearl Street Mall’s distinctive spatial character.
Pearl Street Mall’s spatial character is defined by its composition of a central urban corridor, flanked by a defined
space along each building edge (clear of features or plantings). While this pattern remains consistent between
blocks, variations occur by block such as the open space at Boulder County Courthouse between 13th and 14th
streets. The distinctive central urban space is characterized by a ground plane of brick paving set in a consistent,
repetitive pattern that extends across all four blocks. Each block includes art, play or gathering set with the central
urban space, providing a unique spatial character to each block.
The notable ground plane of brick paving, accentuated by rows of mature shade trees and punctuated by planters
and gathering nodes that vary slightly between blocks, and Pearl Street Mall’s consistent width and scale creates
a unified urban space. The spatial organization contributes to the historical and architectural significance of Pearl
Street Mall.
Figure 1-11. Pearl Street, pre-construction, 1954
(source: Colorado Aerial Photography Service)
Figure 1-12. Pearl Street, 1976 (prior to completion)
(source: Colorado Aerial Photography Service)
Figure 1-13. Raised brick planter with groundcover and
shrubs, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-14. Mature canopy of both deciduous and evergreen
trees, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-20
Figure 1-15. Pearl Street Mall Spatial Organization, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)Walnut StreetUnited States
Postal Service
Boulder
Theater
Spruce Street1200 Block
1300 Block
1400 Block
1100 Block
14th Street
15th Street
13th Street
Broadway
11th Street
Boulder
County
Courthouse
0 40 80 ft20
N
Mundus Bishop | July 2022 Pearl Street | Spatial Organization
N
Site Boundary
Existing Feature / Building
Space Along Building Edge
Central Urban Corridor
Crossing
LEGEND
9-21
Circulation
Pearl Street Mall serves as a pedestrian mall, and downtown Boulder’s most important public space, as it has since
1977. A consistent ground plane of brick paving orchestrates pedestrian movement and uses along an east-west
orientation, interrupted at north south street crossings. Vehicular circulation is limited to the street crossing, with
delivery and service vehicular routes allowed within specific areas of Pearl Street Mall.
A three-part repetitive brick paving pattern, following one orientation, extends consistently across all four blocks.
The central herringbone paving pattern orchestrates pedestrian circulation routes and defines areas of play,
gathering and art. The circulation system, including patterns and materials, features, and routes, remains in the
same alignments as the original construction and contributes to the significance of Pearl Street Mall.
Pearl Street Mall’s pedestrian routes meet ADA accessibility standards along designated routes and at seating
areas. Accessibility is provided by accessible pedestrian curb ramps at street crossings that provide continuous
accessible access for all four blocks. Accessible routes and entrances into adjacent buildings vary. Some do not
provide accessible entrances.
Figure 1-16. Gathering space with wood benches on 1100
Block, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-17. Brick paving pattern including integration of
planters on 1300 Block, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-18. Pedestrian crossing at 14th Street, 2020 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-19. Consistent ground plane of brick paving, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-22
Figure 1-20. Pearl Street Mall Paving Pattern, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
N Walnut StreetUnited States
Postal Service
Boulder
Theater
Spruce Street1200 Block
1300 Block
1400 Block
1100 Block
14th Street
15th Street
13th Street
Broadway
11th Street
Boulder
County
Courthouse
0 40 80 ft20
N
Mundus Bishop | July 2022 Pearl Street | Paving Pattern
LEGEND
Site Boundary
Existing Feature / Building
Herringbone w/ Soldier Course Edge (Firelane)
Soldier Course
Running Bond
9-23
Structures
Structures within Pearl Street Mall include original 1977 features associated with play and gathering nodes,
and features added in 1999 such as light posts with shade structure. Recently installed features include vender
facilities and kiosks, and a public restroom.
Four interactive play and gathering nodes - Play Area and Bridge, Nature Forms, Pop-jet Fountain and Illuminated
Map - are located within the pedestrian mall. Play Area and Bridge and Nature Forms are original features that
remain in original locations. Modifications to Play Area and Bridge in the 1200 Block in 2002, and to Nature
Forms in the 1400 Block, were focused on replacement of the surfacing. The Play Area and Bridge and Nature
Forms are contributing features. Two other interactive nodes, Pop-jet fountain, located in the 1300 Block and
Illuminated Map, located in the 1400 Block are contemporary additions from the redesign in 1999.
Three structures were added to the 1300 Block near Boulder County Courthouse — a food vendor facility, an
information kiosk, and a public restroom — after original construction was completed and are not associated with
the 1999 redesign and are non-contributing features.
Metal light posts with octagonal sandstone bases were added to the mall during the 1999 redesign of Pearl Street
Mall. Similar to the original light posts installed in 1977, these light posts feature globes, banners, and flower
pots. A woven cloth shade structures extends across the light posts on the 1300 Block. The light posts in modified
locations are a feature of the 1999 redesign by Communication Arts, contributing to the significance to Pearl
Street Mall.
Figure 1-23. Brick paving with curving central herringbone
pattern at 1100 Block, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-21. Pop-jet fountain and seating at Boulder County
Courthouse, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-22. Play Area and Bridge, 2020 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
Figure 1-24. Light posts with shade structure at Boulder
County Courthouse, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-24
Figure 1-25. Public restroom and information kiosk, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-26. Big Flower Pot, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Objects
Objects that remain from the original 1977 construction include the Waterface Sculpture, the Big Flower Pot
and Bicentenniary Paver. Art installations installed after completion of construction include public art sculptures
and the Split Rock sculpture. The Water Face sculpture and Big Flower Pot remain in their original locations and
contribute to the significance of Pearl Street Mall. The Bicentenniary Paver and the time capsule underneath were
relocated within the 1300 Block when it was redesigned.
The National State Bank Clock is a contributing feature that predates the pedestrian mall and remains in its
original location, which is in front of Boulder's oldest commercial building.
Small-Scale Features
Small-scale features are the human-scaled elements that provide detail and function. Contributing small-scale
features that remain from the original 1977 construction include metal light posts with three and four globes,
posting kiosks, flagpoles on the 1100 Block, rectangular wood benches, and two square wood benches on
the 1400 Block. The Downtown Boulder Mall Directories are contributing interpretive elements from the 1999
redesign. Replacements in place of original features include bollards, metal tree grates, and water fountains. Light
posts in modified locations, Mall and Information directories, concrete planter pots, and interpretive signs are
contemporary additions in new locations and are non-contributing features.
Figure 1-27. Wood benches, tree grates, and light post shade
structure at Boulder County Courthouse, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-28. View to Boulder Flatirons from 11th Street, 2021
(source: Mundus Bishop)
9-25
Table 1-1: Pearl Street Small-Scale Features Table
Small Scale
Feature Description
Original Feature/
Original Location
(contributing)8
Original
Feature in New
Location
Modified Feature
in Original
Location
(contributing)
Non-contributing
Lights posts
(3 & 4 globes)
+/- 30 metal light posts;
include mounts for waste
receptacle, flower pots, &
banners
All original light
posts in original
locations
Banner & flower
pot attachments are
new
replacements of
original concept
Light posts
(in modified
locations)
+/- 30 metal light posts;
includes 4-globe posts w/
octagonal sandstone bases
& posts w/ 2 globes
Light posts added in
1999 (1100, 1300 &
1400 Block); lights
at 1300 Block have
a removable shade
canopy
Posting Kiosk +/- 8 columnar kiosks for
hanging fliers
All original kiosks in
original locations
Downtown
Boulder
Directory
2 two-sided directory ki-
osks located on 1300 Block
2 new kiosk located
at east and west
ends of 1300 Block;
replaced 1977 kiosk
at west end
Mall Directory &
Information
2 four-sided directory
kiosks w/ sandstone base
& curved green metal roof
Contemporary feature;
replaced directories by
Communication Arts in
1999
Wood Benches
(rectangle)
+/- 30 wood slat benches
w/ backs on metal base
+/- 20 in original
locations
+/- 10 benches in
new locations
Wood Benches
(square)
+/- 14 wood slat backless
benches w/ metal base
2 benches at 1400
Block planter in
original locations
+/- 12 benches in
new locations at
1300 Block
Concrete
Planter Pots
+/- 9 concrete planters
located near crossings at
13th Street & west end of
1200 Block
Replaced original
concrete planters w/ new
designs in new locations
Bollards +/- 29 bollards located at
crossing streets
+/- 25 are new features
in original locations; sev-
eral have been removed;
+/- 4 are located at the
east & west ends of the
mall in areas w/ site
modifications
Interpretive Signs +/- 5 interpretive signs
mounted to planters
Contemporary feature in
new location
Metal Tree
Grates
Circular & rectangular
metal tree grates
New replacements in
original locations
Newspaper
Stands
2 self-service newspaper
stands
Contemporary feature in
new location
Water Fountains +/- 2 water fountains w/
two spigots
Contemporary feature w/
new design in original
location
8 Contributing features are those associated with the original construction of Pearl Street Mall (1976 to 1977) or installed its 1999 in a significant period that followed. Ob-
jects and features were evaluated for Pearl Street mall significance.
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-26
Vegetation
Linear rows of mature deciduous shade trees assist in defining an orchestrated movement of pedestrians and
spaces within Pearl Street Mall. Groupings of evergreen trees define spaces and nodes at the end of Pearl Street
Mall at 11th Street on the west and 15th Street on the east. Evergreen trees include Austrian, Pine, Mugo
Pine and Scotch Pine. Deciduous trees include Pin Oak, Littleleaf Linden, Green Ash, Silver Maple, American
Horsechestnut, Honeylocust, Kentucky Coffeetree, Norway Maple, and Bald Cypress. Woody groundcover and
shrubs are planted in raised brick planters with evergreen trees. Mature evergreen and deciduous trees, woody
groundcover and shrubs are contributing features.
Mature trees remain on all four blocks from the original 1977 plantings, with some replacements occurring over
time. Replacements include those that planted in-kind with species, similar to those originally planted such as
re-plantings of original Honeylocust trees. Annuals and seasonal plantings occur on all four blocks, including
the Tulip gardens planted in the 1980s, a tradition that continues today. The 100 hanging baskets are installed
annually along with contemporary moveable planters. The annual and seasonal plantings, including the Tulip
gardens and hanging baskets, are non-contributing features.
Views and Viewsheds
The orientation of the Pearl Street Mall capitalized on and orchestrated views west towards the Boulder Flatirons
and western foothills outside the city. All contribute to its significance. Each block on Pearl Street Mall has
Figure 1-29. Raised planter with groundcover and shrubs,
2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-30. Mature canopy of both deciduous and evergreen
trees, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
9-27
Figure 1-31. Pearl Street Mall Contributing Vegetation, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)Walnut StreetUnited States
Postal Service
Boulder
Theater
Spruce Street1200 Block
1300 Block
1400 Block
1100 Block
14th Street
15th Street
13th Street
Broadway
11th Street
Boulder
County
Courthouse
0 40 80 ft20
N
Mundus Bishop | July 2022 Pearl Street | Contributing Vegetation
N
Site Boundary
Contributing Tree
Contributing Planter
LEGEND
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Table 1-2: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/
Non-Contributing8
Circulation
Brick Paved Promenade Good Contributing
Brick Pedestrian Crossings at Vehicular Streets Good/Fair Contributing
Structures
Play Area and Bridge Good Contributing
Nature Forms Good Contributing
Pop-jet Fountain Fair Non-Contributing
Illuminated Map Poor Non-Contributing
Information Kiosk Fair Non-Contributing
Food Vendor Good Non-Contributing
Public Restroom Good Non-Contributing
Objects
Waterface Sculpture Fair Contributing
Bicentenniary Paver Good Contributing
National State Bank Clock Fair Contributing
The Big Flower Pot Fair Contributing
Public Art Sculptures Good Non-Contributing
Split Rock Sculpture Good Non-Contributing
Small-scale features
Light Posts* (3 & 4 Globes)Fair Contributing
Light Posts (in modified locations - includes light posts with shade structure) Good Contributing
Posting Kiosk Fair Contributing
Downtown Boulder Directory Good Contributing
Mall Directory & Information Good Non-Contributing
Wood Benches (rectangular)*Good Contributing
Wood Benches (square)Good Non-Contributing
Concrete Planter Pots Good Non-Contributing
Bollards Fair Non-Contributing
Interpretive Signs Good Non-Contributing
Metal Tree Grates Good Non-Contributing
Newspaper Stand Fair Non-Contributing
Water Fountains Good Non-Contributing
Bike Racks Good Non-Contributing
Flagpoles Good Contributing
Vegetation
Mature Evergreen Trees Good Contributing
Mature Deciduous Trees Fair Contributing
Groundcover and shrubs in raised brick planters Good Contributing
Annual and seasonal plantings Good Non-Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
View to Boulder Flatirons Good Contributing
Views to Downtown Boulder Good Contributing
8 Contributing features are those associated with the original construction of Pearl Street Mall (1976 to 1977) or installed its 1999 in a significant period that
followed. Objects and features were evaluated for Pearl Street mall significance.
* Wood Bench and Light Post locations are contributing but benches and light posts have been replaced
9-29
Figure 1-32. Pearl Street Mall Contributing Features, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
6
7
8
10 Walnut StreetBoulder
Theater
Spruce Street1200 Block
1300 Block
1400 Block
1100 Block
14th Street
15th Street
13th Street
Broadway
11th Street
Boulder
County
Courthouse
4
2
5
United States
Postal Service
0 40 80 ft20
N
Mundus Bishop | July 2022 Pearl Street | Contributing Features
N
Site Boundary
Contributing Paving
Contributing Crossing
Contributing Feature
Nature Forms
Bicentenniary Paver
National State Bank Clock
Play Area and Bridge
Flagpoles
The Big Flower Pot
Waterface Sculpture
2
4
5
6
7
8
10
LEGEND
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-30
Figure 1-33. Pearl Street, 1899 (source: Carnegie Branch
Library for Local History)
Figure 1-35. Pearl Street Postcard, 1920s (source: Carnegie
Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-37. Pearl Street, 1950s (source: Colorado Aerial Photography Service)
Figure 1-34. Pearl Street Postcard, 1910
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-36. Pearl Street, 1954 (source: Boulder Inn)
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
9-31
Figure 1-38. Proposed sketch of Pearl Street Mall, 1974 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-39. Pearl Street Mall Proposal, 1974 (source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-40. Pearl Street Mall under construction, 1976 (source: West Boulder Inn)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-32
Figure 1-43. Construction on 1100 Block, 1976
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-44. Construction on 1100 Block, 1976
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-42. Pearl Street Mall under construction, 1976
(source: Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-45. Opposition to the Pearl Street Mall included the slogan 'Downtown Boulder Maul' as residents protested the
construction noise changes to downtown, 1976 (source: Daily Camera Archives)
Figure 1-41. 1200 Block under construction, 1976 (source:
Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
9-33
Figure 1-48. 1300 Block, 1977 (source: Carnegie Branch
Library for Local History)
Figure 1-50. Lawn on 1100 Block, 1977 (source: OZ
Architecture)
Figure 1-47. Completed 1200 Block, 1977 (source: Carnegie
Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-51. Opening of Pearl Street Mall, 1977 (source:
Downtown Boulder)
Figure 1-49. Completed 1300 Block, 1977 (source: Carnegie
Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-46. Completed Pearl Street Mall, 1977 (source:
Carnegie Branch Library for Local History)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-34
Figure 1-52. Grand opening, 1977 (source: Downtown Boulder)
Figure 1-53. Grand opening, 1977 (source: Downtown Boulder)
9-35
Figure 1-54. Pearl Street Mall construction documents planting plan 1100 Block, 1976 (source: City of Boulder)
Figure 1-55. Pearl Street Mall construction documents planting plan 1200 Block, 1976 (source: City of Boulder)
SKETCHES / PLANS
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-36
Figure 1-56. Pearl Street Mall construction documents brick paving plan, 1976 (source: City of Boulder)
9-37
Figure 1-57. Nature Forms play node construction details, 1976 (source: City of Boulder)
Figure 1-58. Concept sketch of Pearl Street Mall, mid 1970s (source: OZ Architecture)
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-38
TREATMENT
Introduction and Overview
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for Pearl Street Mall, emphasizing its preservation and repair,
and allowing for the addition of compatible improvements, where appropriate. Treatment guidance, presented in
this section, informs current and future planning and design for Pearl Street Mall based upon this rehabilitation
approach.
This treatment guidance provides actions and recommendations to guide it’s the holistic stewardship of Pearl
Street Mall to ensure its future as the City of Boulder’s premiere linear urban park and pedestrian mall, and one of
downtown’s most important public spaces.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and in
support of current and planned futures uses. This section provides actions to protect significant cultural resources,
and repair features and contributing features and setting. Treatment recommendations identify where repair is
needed to reveal historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Future work planned for Pearl Street
Mall shall be guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, and
accomplished by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter 9-11
(Historic Preservation) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Pearl Street Mall is downtown Boulder’s most vibrant park and gathering space, and its center of commerce
and business. The architecturally and historically significant pedestrian mall is a linear urban public space
encompassing four blocks of Pearl Street — from 11th Street on the west to 15th Street on the east, extending
from building facade to building facade. A consistent ground plane of brick paving – a defining characteristic
of Pearl Street Mall – connects all four blocks. Nodes for play, public art and gathering punctuate the linear
pedestrian mall within each block and include the broad open lawn of Boulder County Courthouse. Rows of
shade trees line sections of Pearl Street Mall and groves of mature evergreen and deciduous trees highlight
entrances. Custom-designed kiosks, light fixtures and signage are integral components. Pearl Street Mall is
Boulder’s only pedestrian mall and one of the few remaining extant pedestrian malls in the country.
Guiding Principles
• Protect and enhance Pearl Street Mall as a distinct composition of spaces, plantings and experiences
connected by its consistent, characteristic ground plane of brick paving.
• Preserve, protect and repair Pearl Street Mall’s contributing features and those characteristics that
contribute to its historic character including brick paving, nodes of play and gathering, public art, objects,
structures, small-scale features and vegetation.
• Maintain and enhance the variety of park and gathering uses and experiences offered with Pearl Street
Mall.
9-39
Treatment Guidance
This section provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of Pearl Street Mall. Treatment guidance
applies to the entirety of Pearl Street Mall. This guidance should be followed when undertaking design and
planning for Pearl Street Mall or when proposing modifications to contributing features, existing features and to
qualities that contribute to Pearl Street Mall’s historic character, including proposals for new development within
the landmark boundary. Treatment guidance is presented according to seven landscape characteristics — spatial
organization, circulation, structures, objects, small-scale features, vegetation and views and viewsheds.
Spatial Organization
Pearl Street Mall is a linear space, extending from building facade to building facade for four city blocks,
composed of a central urban corridor flanked by a defined space (clear of features or plantings) at each building
edge. Each block includes art, play and gathering nodes set with the central urban corridor.
• Protect Pearl Street Mall’s composition by preserving and repairing its characteristic pattern of a central
urban corridor with defined spaces at building edges and its nodes of art, play and gathering.
• Preserve Pearl Street Mall’s views to the Boulder Flatirons from the westernmost block.
• Ensure new additions or modifications to existing features and vegetation respect, and do not interfere
or diminish Pearl Street Mall’s composition or views.
Circulation
Pearl Street Mall is characterized by a consistent ground plane of brick paving that assists in orchestrating
pedestrian movement and uses. Limited vehicular routes are allowed within specific areas of Pearl Street Mall.
• Protect Pearl Street Mall’s consistent ground plane of brick paving through on-going maintenance, repair
and maintenance of paving and spaces.
○Preserve the characteristic extant three-part repetitive brick paving pattern that extends consistently
across all four blocks, including the central herringbone paving pattern.
○Repair and replace missing or damaged paving with in-kind materials that match the original paving
in color, texture and pattern.
• Ensure Pearl Street Mall remains as a pedestrian mall by protecting its patterns of circulation and by
sensitively integrating delivery, service or access for vehicular uses.
• Provide accessible routes within Pearl Street Mall for an equitable experience for all users. Allow
designated routes and seating areas, where appropriate and where compatible with contributing
features. Ensure accessible routes at street crossings, public buildings and structures including restrooms,
and where appropriate, at private business building entrances.
Structures
Original structures associated with play and gathering nodes remain, and contribute to Pearl Street Mall. Newer
structures include vendor facilities, a kiosk and public restroom.
• Protect contributing play and gathering nodes in their original locations.
○Preserve and repair extant features in-place.
• Consider new structures to accommodate programming, use and to improve health and safety within
Pearl Street Mall, where appropriate.
○Consider reusing existing sites where non-contributing structures are located, and as improvements,
prior to installations in new locations.
○Consider a master planning process to determine and locate new objects.
• Maintain contributing structures through regular maintenance including routine removal of graffiti and
posters, and replacement of broken lights.
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-40
Objects
Original objects from the 1977 construction include the Waterface Sculpture, the Big Flower Pot, and
Bicentenniary Paver. Art installations include public art sculptures and the split rock sculpture. The National State
Bank Clock is contributing object that predates the pedestrian mall and moved to its current location in the
1970s.
• Protect contributing objects — Waterface Sculpture, the Big Flower Pot, Bicentenniary Paver, and
National State Bank Clock — in current locations.
○Preserve and repair extant features in-place.
• Allow new objects such as public art, where appropriate.
Vegetation
• Protect contributing tree patterns and mature vegetation.
○Repair and replace missing or damaged trees and patterns of trees using in-kind species similar to
the original in form and texture.
○Follow a successional approach to preserve the tree canopy and to facilitate the addition of infill and
new tree plantings.
Small-Scale Features
Features that remain from the original 1977 construction include posting kiosks, and flagpoles located on the
1100 Block. Replacements include information/interpretive signs, light posts, wood benches and bike racks.
• Protect contributing small-scale features - posting kiosks, flagpoles, and bollards - in their original
locations.
• Preserve the locations of wood benches and light posts.
○Allow replacement wood benches and light posts to be installed in original locations.
• Allow new small-scale features where appropriate.
• Maintain contributing small-scale features through regular maintenance including routine removal of
graffiti, removal of posters, and replacement of broken features.
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; or
relevancy to other current plans.
1 - Consider measures to improve safety and security for Pearl Street Mall.
• Consider replacing light fixtures with dark sky-compliant fixture.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve condition of Pearl Street Mall and its contributing features.
• Replace drinking fountain plumbing fixtures.
3 - Programming
• Develop new programs for community engagement.
9-41
RESOURCES
Baldwin, Susan B. “Downtown Boulder Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Form.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1980.
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
"Boulder's Timeline,"Museum of Boulder. Accessed March 4, 2021, https://museumofboulder.org/time/.
"Case Studies, Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall." Re:Streets. Accessed January 15, 2021, https://www.restreets.org/
case-studies/pearl-street-pedestrian-mall.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
City of Boulder. 1992 Downtown Plan, Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 1992.
"History of Pearl Street." Boulder Downtown. Accessed January 15, 2021, https://boulderdowntown.
com/visit/history-of-pearl-street.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
"Pearl Street Mall." Boulder Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board. Accessed January 15, 2021,
https://bouldercolorado.gov/historic-preservation.
"Pearl Street Mall: Boulder, Colorado." American Planning Association. Accessed March 4, 2021, https://www.
planning.org/greatplaces/spaces/2015/pearlstreetmall.htm.
"Pearl Street Mall History." Boulder Inn Pearl History. Accessed March 4, 2021, https://boulderinn.com/
pearl-street-mall-history/.
"Pearl Street Mall History." City of Boulder. Accessed January 15, 2021, https://bouldercolorado.gov/parks-rec/
pearl-street-mall-history.
"Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall." City of Boulder Internet Archive. Accessed January 15, 2021, https://web.
archive.org/web/*/pearl%20street%20mall.
"Pearl Street Mall." Carl Worthington Associates. Accessed January 15, 2021, https://www.
carlworthingtonassociates.com/planning.
“Pedestrian malls in the United States.” Wikipedia. Accessed March 30, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Pedestrian_malls_in_the_United_States.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
Pearl Street Pedestrian Mall 9-42
MAY 2023
BOYD SMELTER/MILL SITE
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
JVA Consulting Engineers
• Ian Glaser, PE, Principal, Historic Preservation Director
• Christine Britton, PE, Project Engineer
• Riley Marshall, Design Engineer I
PaleoWest, LLC.
• Autumn Cool, MA, RPA
• Sarah Simeonoff, MA, RPA
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2020-2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop, JVA, and PaleoWest. Historic
photographs (pre-2020) provided by the City of Boulder and from online archives at the Carnegie Branch
Library for Local History and Boulder Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The report documents the history, significance, integrity and existing condition and provides treatment
guidance for the resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the
resource has been previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ......................................................10-4
Property Overview ............................................................10-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ..........10-5
Designation Boundary ......................................................10-6
History & Significance .......................................................10-7
Integrity .............................................................................10-11
Existing Condition ............................................................10-13
Landscape Condition .................................................10-13
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features ..........10-17
Structural Condition ....................................................10-19
Additional Images ...........................................................10-22
Treatment .........................................................................10-23
Resources .........................................................................10-27
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Boyd Smelter, circa 1893 (source: Carnegie Library for Local History, BHS 219-1-50)
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the State
Register and National Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation”
(Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to
Nominate a Property to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
Recommended Period of Significance
Date Range: 1874 to 1918
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
Current Designation Level
x Local Landmark
State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/ Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag(s):
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction:
Designer(s):
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site
South of Canyon Blvd; West of Justice Center
0 Canyon Blvd
40.0050 / -105.1728
Tract 422-A less part in NE 1/ 4 BO 36-1N-71
and that part of TR 422A that lies in NE 1/4 36-1N-71
146136200045 and 146136100070
2.08 Acres / 90,556 SF
First Smelter (1874); Boulder Creek Greenway (1985)
N/A
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic Landmark No:
98-2
6003
August 4, 1998
5BL.7094
10-5
Areas of Significance
District(s)
x Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
x Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types x Location
Setting
Design
x Materials
Workmanship
x Feeling
Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Boyd Smelter/Mill
Building(s)
Structure(s)
Water Line Pylons
Steel Girders
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion 5
x Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
x Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be likely
to yield, information important in prehistory or history
State Register of
Historic Places
x Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
x Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility 4
4 "Public Hearing, Review, and Consideration Agenda and Attachments of Information Presented to City Council, August 5, 1998," (Boulder, CO: City of
Boulder Parks and Recreation Advisory Board), 3; Paleowest,“5BL.7094 Boyd Smelter Data Management Form,” Boulder, CO: Office of Archaeology and
Historic Preservation, 2023.
5 Ibid., 3. Evaluation is based on this document.
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Industry
Archeology
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
The designated boundary for the Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site is the area included in the City of Boulder local landmark
designation, Ordinance 6003. The designation boundary includes exposed building foundations, railroad bridge
footings, waterline supports, a dam and headgate, other artifacts, and the site's location along Boulder Creek and
Sunshine Creek.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-6
Figure 1-2. Designation boundary for the Boyd Smelter/Mill Site (blue), 2020 (Source: City of Boulder Ordinance 6003)
10-7
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is a two-acre public open space and archeological site owned by the City of Boulder.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is associated with late 19th and early 20th century mining, engineering, and industry. The
recommended period of significance is from 1874 to 1918 and captures the period of active smelting and milling
operations, which begins when James Boyd’s first mill became operational and ends when the tungsten market
collapsed and operations ceased. The site was designated a local archeological landmark by the City of Boulder
Landmarks Board and City of Boulder City Council in 1998. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site includes above and below-grade
archeological resources, including buried foundations of the main smelter building and ancillary buildings, buried
concrete dams with headgates, and water pylons along Boulder Creek. The site is locally significant as one of the
last remaining vestiges of the smelting and mining industry within Boulder. The site contains archeological features
that could yield future information on the history of mining and milling within Boulder.
Background History
James Boyd purchased land along Boulder Creek to build a smelter in 1873, and began to process gold, silver, and
iron in 1874. By 1876, the smelter processed nearly fifteen tons of ore per day. Boyd leased the smelter to Frank
Goff in 1880, who processed twenty to thirty tons per day. Boyd eventually sold the smelter site in 1885. The site
operated under multiple owners between 1893 and 1918. During World War I, between 1914 and 1918, Boulder
County was the leading producer of tungsten in the country. Operations ceased with the collapse of the tungsten
market after World War I.
In the early 1900s the City of Boulder commissioned the renown landscape architectural firm the Olmsted Brothers
to assess the Boulder foothills and mountains for scenic resources. The Olmsted Brothers recommended creating
a series of park reserves and improvements to make Boulder Creek a natural stream. The location of Boyd/Smelter
Mill Site was identified as a potential natural area.
Following the closure of the smelter and mill in 1918, the land remained largely unchanged. Over time buildings
were dismantled, while concrete footings, concrete headgates, and reservoirs remained through the 1950s. In the
1960s Canyon Boulevard was built adjacent to the site. Excavated waste material was spoiled onto Boyd Smelter/
Mill Site. The fill material buried many of the extant remnants of the smelter and mill. In the mid-1980s Boulder
Creek Greenway was built on the north and east edges of the site. During construction, remnants of the smelter
building were discovered, and construction of the trail was shifted north to minimize impact to below-grade
features. Construction included the Boulder Creek Greenway, a soft surface trail, and two small bridges.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site has remained largely unchanged since being designated a Boulder Historic Archeological
Landmark by the City of Boulder in 1998. Between 2001 and 2002, a series of surveys and reports were developed
to determine future uses for the site. In 2017 Boulder Creek Greenway was widened. During site excavations
several archeological features from the smelter site were uncovered, but were reburied.6
Definition of the Context
Boyd Smelter/Mill is associated with the theme of late 19th and early 20th century mining, engineering, and
industry. Smelters in Colorado were significant for their advancements in metallurgical engineering, in particular
for developing advanced methods for mining gold, silver, and industrial metal ore. While large regional smelters
made most contributions, smaller local smelters like Boyd Smelter/Mill Site would have played a significant role in
identifying, defining, and demonstrating these technologies and methods for ores in a specific region. The Boyd
Smelter is significant for its contribution to industrial development in Boulder’s industrial geography. Smelters
helped bring the railroad industry into a town, which in turn fostered the growth of, and reinforced, the mining
industry within a developing city.7
6 Mundus Bishop, Boyd Smelter Site Preservation and Interpretation Plan (Boulder, CO: Historic Boulder, Inc. and City of Boulder Parks and Recreation, 2002), 5.
7 Abigail Sanocki, "Boulder Creek Improvements at Boyd Smelter Technical Memorandum" (Boulder County, CO: ERO Resources Corporation), 2017.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-8
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
In the late 19th century, a trend developed in Colorado of small local smelters being built within Colorado towns
and cities in response to the success of smelters bringing the gold industry back to life after the decline of the
initial gold rush.8 Boyd Smelter/Mill Site was constructed and operated during this period, which corresponds with
this trend, and which included development of the railroad system within Boulder. Smelters were key in treating
various ores on a local level during this period.
Associated Property Types
Similar smelter sites in the western United States have been listed in National Register of Historic Places. The
Ohio-Colorado Smelting and Refining Company Smokestack in Salida is the only smelting site listed in the
National Register of Historic Places in Colorado.9 Some listed sites consist of only smelter remnants, e.g., the
Grand Encampment Mining Region: Boston Wyoming Smelter Site in Carbon, Wyoming. The integrity of many
sites varies with the former being a visual landmark located just outside the periphery of the city to the latter that
has become a refuse dump, largely devoid of its original visual character.10
A multiple property resource nomination for “The Mining Industry in Colorado” was proposed in 2008, which
outlines the requirements for mining property types and their eligibility for the national register. The nomination
includes smelters as a property type and outlines the types of structures or archeological materials that must be
extant to qualify for listing in the national register. These include extant building foundations or extant features
associated with areas of non-extant building, e.g., blowers, furnaces, or coal bins.11
Physical Characteristics and Integrity
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site remains in its original location and retains above-grade features, including remnants of
stone water line pylons, a concrete dam and headgate, and an earthen berm. Numerous extant small-scale
features indicative of industry practices remain. They include steel elements on the banks of Boulder Creek and a
boulder with iron rings drilled into it.
Although many extant structures were covered by fill material in the 1960s, portions were unearthed in 2017
confirming these features remain in their original locations. The development of downtown Boulder and the
removal of most of the smelting equipment has changed the setting but the extant features on site continue to
illustrate the extent of a larger industrial complex.
Relationship to the National Register Criteria
The Colorado Historical Society, State Historic Preservation Office reviewed the Cultural Resource Inventory Form
for the site in 1998 and determined the site to be eligible for the State and National Registers, meeting Criterion
A and D.12
8 James E. Fell, “The Mining Industry in Colorado,” National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 2008), 209-210.
9 “Ores to Metals – The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry,” Western Mining History Online, accessed February 24, 2021, https://westernmininghistory.
com/655/ores-to-metals-the-rocky-mountain-smelting-industry/.
10 Mark Junge, “Grand Encampment Mining Region: The Boston-Wyoming Smelter Site,” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1973), 3.
11 Fell, "The Mining Industry," 207.
12 "Public Hearing," 6-7.
10-9
Statement of Significance
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is historically significant as the location of Boulder’s first smelter, built in 1874. The site
is historically significant for its association with smelting and milling industries that occurred along Boulder
Creek and with the railroad that served these industries. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is exceptional as one of the last
remaining vestiges of the industry within the city of Boulder.13 The site is environmentally significant as one of the
last remaining vestiges of Boulder’s smelting and milling industries that once proliferated along Boulder Creek.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site contains features that provide important information on the history of mining and milling
in Boulder.14 The Colorado Historical Society, State Historic Preservation Office reviewed the Cultural Resource
Inventory Form for the site in 1998 and determined the site to be eligible for the State and National Registers.15
During the height of the mining industry, multiple smelting sites occurred along Boulder Creek. 16
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site contains features that "provide important information about the history of mining and
milling in Boulder."17 Excavations as recent as 2017 yielded information about the building that once existed on
site.18 The discovery of industrial and domestic remnants may yield more information of the history of Boulder and
of the smelting/milling industry of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Period of Significance
The recommended period of significance corresponds to the site’s use as both a smelting and a milling site from
1874 to 1918. This begins with James Boyd's establishment of smelting operation in 1874 and ends in 1918
when the tungsten market collapsed and operations in Boulder were shutdown.19
13 Jack E. Smith, Cultural Resource Survey of Boyd Smelter Site (5BL7094) (Boulder, CO: Historic Boulder Inc., 2001), 4-5.
14 City of Boulder, Ordinance No. 6003: Boyd Smelter/Mill Site (Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 1998), 2.
15 "Public Hearing,"3.
16 City of Boulder, Ordinance No. 6003, 2.
17 City of Boulder, Ordinance No. 6003, 2.
18 Abigail Sanocki, "Boulder Creek Improvements."
19 "Public Hearing,"2.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-10
Summary of Use
Historic Use
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is the historic location of smelting and milling operations on Boulder Creek.
Date Event
1874 to 1880 James A. Boyd owned the property and processed gold, silver, and iron ore
1880 to 1918 Smelting and milling operations
Current Use
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is a public open space and archeological site that provides passive recreation with some
limited programming. Boulder Creek Greenway, on the site's northern and western edges provides biking,
walking, and running. A soft surface trail adjacent to Boulder Creek provides access to Boulder Creek. Water-
based recreational activities include swimming, floating, and fishing.
10-11
INTEGRITY
The integrity of Boyd Smelter/Mill Site has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the
original construction within its period of significance (1874 to 1918) are present as they were historically. Integrity
is evaluated according to seven aspects or qualities: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling,
and association. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site retains integrity in location and setting, and in materials and workmanship
for its extant features. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site has diminished integrity in feeling and association as most above-
grade features no longer exist.
Although many extant structures were covered by fill material in the 1960s, portions were unearthed in 2017
confirming these features remain in original locations. The development of downtown Boulder and the removal of
most of the smelting equipment changed the setting. Extant features include remnants of the original industrial
complex. Remnants of the original water line pylons remain and retain integrity in workmanship and materials.
Although the integrity of feeling is diminished.
Location
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site remains in its original location and retains integrity in location.
Setting
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site has diminished integrity of setting due to the development of the surrounding residential
and commercial neighborhood. The original smelter/mill was an open site with few trees.
Design, Materials, & Workmanship
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site has diminished integrity in design. Extant above-grade features associated with milling
and the smelter include remnant features, topography, and an earthen berm remain. Foundations of the smelter
building buried during the construction of Canyon Boulevard in the 1960s remain and are largely unchanged
since the 1920s. The below-grade features remain in original locations with some being unearthed as recently as
2017.
Feeling
The integrity of feeling is diminished due to the lack of extant buildings and structures from the period of
significance. Extant remnants of contributing features evoke a sense of mill and smelter operations.
Association
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site has diminished integrity in association with smelting or mining as most above-grade
features no longer exist. However, remnants of mining and smelting operations are evident in extant structures
and topographical features.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-12
Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1873 James H. Boyd purchased six acres along Boulder Creek from John Brierly.Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1874 Boyd built Boulder’s first smelter. It did not immediately open as ore smelting was still in
an experimental phase.
Landmark Public
Hearing, 2-3
1876 Boyd Smelter became operational and processed fifteen tons of ore per day – primarily gold
and silver with some iron and lime.
Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1880 James Boyd leased the smelter to Frank C. Goff who prepared ores for Golden Smelting Works. Landmark Public
Hearing, 3
1883 Narrow gauge railroad tracks were used to bring materials from the mines to downtown
Boulder.
Goff processed 20 to 30 tons per day and added a new crusher. Boyd leased the site to Col.
Teeters in July.
Landmark Public
Meeting, 4
Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1885 Boyd sold the smelter to John E. Lord who planned to overhaul it into a mill using cyanide to
process low grade ore (gold-telluride).
Landmark Public
Hearing, 3
1893 to
1898
Site operated as Spier Gold Works–operations gradually shift into tungsten.Landmark Public
Hearing, 3
1894 A massive flood wiped out the Greeley, Salt Lake and Pacific Railroad and the railroad was
abandoned.
Landmark
Designation Public
Hearing, 4
1905 Colorado Tungsten Corporation used the mill to process tungsten from the Nederland area. Landmark Public
Meeting, 3
1910 The Olmsted Brothers recommended creating a series of park reserves along Boulder Creek.
The smelter site was identified as a potential natural area.
Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 5
1914 to
1918
During World War I, Boulder County was the leading tungsten producer in the United States. Landmark Public
Hearing, 3
1916 Vasco Mining Company expands smelter building Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1919 Switzerland Trail of America railroad was abandoned after a cloudburst incident damaged the
tracks beyond repair.
Landmark Public
Hearing, 4
1920 Vasco sold the property.Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1920s to
1950s
The reservoirs used to hold water for mill operation were used as sand collection pits. Landmark Public
Hearing, 3, 5
1933 City of Boulder purchased the Boyd Smelter/Mill site.Landmark Public
Hearing, 5
1960s Canyon Boulevard was built and fill material from construction was spoiled on-site, burying
extant structures and reservoirs.
Landmark Public
Hearing, 5
1985 Boulder Creek Greenway was built.Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
1997 An environmental analysis study found the soil contained low levels of contamination
from uranium mine tailings.
Bernhardt Memo
1998 Boyd Smelter/Mill site was designated a Boulder Historic Archaeological Landmark by the City
of Boulder.
Landmark Ordinance
no. 6003
2000 to
2002
Historic Boulder, Inc. received a grant from Colorado Historical Society’s State Historical Fund
and City of Boulder for a cultural resource survey and the Boyd Smelter Site: Preservation
and Interpretation Plan.
Preservation and
Interpretation Plan, 8
2017 ERO Resource Corporation surveyed and excavated the Boulder Creek Path. Multiple artifacts
were identified and eventually reburied at the completion of the survey.
Technical
Memorandum
10-13
EXISTING CONDITION
Landscape Condition
Summary of Landscape Characteristics
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site is a two-acre archeological site and public open space on Boulder Creek, located adjacent
to Canyon Boulevard and west of Boulder Municipal Court. The site is owned and operated by the City of Boulder
and is designated as a local historic archeological landmark.
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site is on the north bank of Boulder Creek. Its embankments are covered with riparian species
including cottonwoods, willows, and dense multi-stemmed shrubs. The majority of the site is a large open
level area with trees and covered in tall grasses where smelter operations and reservoirs were located.20 During
construction of Canyon Boulevard in the 1960s, excess material from roadway construction was deposited on the
smelter site. As a result many features associated with smelting and milling, including the buildings foundations
and reservoirs, were buried under fill material.
Natural Systems
Boulder Creek was historically, and continues to be, the major stream in the Boulder area. Beginning high in the
Rocky Mountains, this segment of Boulder Creek was an ecologically diverse stream with riparian and wetland
vegetation that supported a wide range of wildlife. By 1873, the banks of Boulder Creek resembled an industrial
site more than a stream.21 Boulder Creek was the ideal location for smelting and milling operations in the late
19th and early 20th century due to the abundance of fresh water needed for industrial operations. Portions
of Boulder Creek’s banks were altered for smelting and mining operations. Sunshine Creek is a stream flowing
into Boulder Creek. It was diverted into a canal to accommodate these operations.22 The canal was eventually
removed and Sunshine Creek returned to its approximate original channel.23
The appearances of Boulder Creek and Sunshine Creek have changed since the period of significance. Although
the river channels have changed, both waterways retain historic qualities and are character-defining features of
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site.
Topography
The site topography north of Boulder Creek is man-made, having been altered by smelting and mining operations
historically and by Canyon Boulevard construction and changes to the river channels. Many original features and
landforms were buried under fill material that was spread across the site during the 1960s.24 Historic photographs
of the site indicate the area was open with two reservoirs located west of the smelter building during the mining
operations. Reservoir No. 1 and Reservoir No. 2 were enclosed by earthen berms on the south side and concrete
dam/headgates at the east and west ends. The reservoirs were filled in the 1960s. Portions of the earthen berms
remain visible, but are obscured by dense vegetation.25
Circulation
20 Smith, Cultural Resource Survey, 4.
21 Mundus Bishop, Boyd Smelter Site, 5.
22 Ibid., 7.
23 Smith, Cultural Resource Survey, 4.
24 Mundus Bishop, Boyd Smelter Site, 9.
25 Smith, Cultural Resource Survey, 9.
Figure 1-3. Boulder Creek, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-14
The primary circulation route is the multiple-use Boulder Creek Greenway on the site's north edges. A secondary
soft surface trail is adjacent to Boulder Creek. Boulder Creek Greenway's trail connects multiple park units
and is heavily used within the Boulder public park system. Boulder Creek Greenway was widened in 2017 to
accommodate pedestrian traffic. A spur pathway was built near the original Ore House. The soft surface trail
provides direct access to Boulder Creek, near extant archeological features including remnants of water line
pylons and a portion of the concrete dam.
Remnant small-scale features are along the soft surface trail. The soft surface trail varies in width and is rutted in
some locations. This trail does not meet ADA accessibility requirements.
Boulder Creek Greenway is a multiple-use concrete pathway that connects Boyd Smelter/Mill Site to other City of
Boulder park properties. The open field where the smelter and mill were located is adjacent to this trail.
Structures
Waterline Supports - Three stone pylons are remnants of a waterline support that historically crossed Boulder
Creek. Two pylons are on the south bank of Boulder Creek on private property. The northernmost pylon has
steel girders and is accessible from the soft surface trail. The northernmost pylon has been vandalized. Refer to
structural condition for additional analysis.
Concrete Dam with Headgate - Several dams and headgates diverted water from Boulder Creek into Boyd
Smelter/Mill Site's reservoirs. The westernmost dam and headgate provided direct egress into Boulder Creek.
Previous studies indicate that other dams and headgates still remain in their original locations. The concrete dam
with headgate has been vandalized. Refer to structural conditions for additional analysis.
Archeological Features
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site is a significant archeological site. Archeological features associated with smelting and
milling operations remain above and below-grade including ruins of a narrow-gauge railroad that once serviced
industrial operations on site, dam headwalls that controlled water entering the site through the reservoirs, and
remnants of the historic water line. Building foundations are extant below-grade.
The 2017 excavation during the expansion of the Boulder Creek Greenway uncovered foundation walls, a
concrete floor, building materials, and industrial and domestic refuse.26
26 Abigail Sanocki, "Boulder Creek Improvements,"1-2.
Figure 1-4. Boulder Creek Greenway, 2020 (source: Mundus
Bishop)
Figure 1-5. Soft surface trail, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
10-15
Small-Scale Features
Boulder with Iron Rings - Two boulders are adjacent to the soft surface trail in the southeast corner of the site.
The larger boulder has two rusted iron rings fixed to it. The other boulder includes a plaque describing the
significance of Boyd Smelter/Mill Site. The origin of the iron rings is unknown, but assumed to be associated with
the site's milling and smelter operations.
Interpretive Sign - The sign provides a brief history of the site and industrial operations along Boulder Creek.
Xeriscape Garden and Flagstone Pavers - Stone pavers arranged in three large circles that defined a previous
xeriscape garden were installed after the construction of Boulder Creek Greenway. Little is known about the
garden or the stone pavers. The pavers and garden are in poor condition.
Figure 1-6. North pylon with steel support girder, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-7. Concrete dam and headgate, recent and previous
vandalism (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-8. Boulders with landmark plaque and rusted iron
hooks (source: Mundus Bishop)
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-16
Vegetation
Riparian vegetation on the banks of Boulder Creek defines the southern edge of the site. The vegetation provides
a visual barrier that separates the site from the residential community on the southern bank. The vegetation
on Boulder Creek's banks is typical of riparian areas in the region. Two prominent trees date from the period
of significance remain—a Plains Cottonwood (80-inch DBH) and a large willow (60-inch DBH).27 These trees
contribute to the significance of Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site. Chokecherry shrubs may be a historic vegetation type,
but no groupings were identified as contributing.28
The open level space between Boulder Creek and Canyon Boulevard is covered in tall native grasses interspersed
with fruit trees (crabapple and apple), evergreens trees (pinyon and ponderosa), and deciduous trees (box elder,
elm and cottonwood). The open, level space and embankments of Boulder Creek historically had less vegetation
due to smelting and mining operations. The existing vegetation has changed in the open level area and does not
contribute to the significance of the site.
Views and Viewsheds
The site features a prominent view to Boulder Canyon, which has become less prominent due to growth of trees
on the site. The view between the upper level area of the site to Boulder Creek has changed due to understory
and tree growth.
27 Mundus Bishop, Boyd Smelter Site, 7.
28 Smith, Cultural Resource Survey, 4.
Figure 1-9. Boyd Smelter's smoke stack (left of the railroad
tracks), Boulder Canyon beyond, BHS 219-1-52 (source:
Carnegie Library for Local History)
Figure 1-10. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site, no date (source: Carnegie
Branch Library for Local History)
Figure 1-11. Boyd Smelter/Mill Site, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
10-17
Table 1-1: Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Feature Condition Contributing/ Non-
Contributing
Natural Systems
Boulder Creek Good Contributing
Sunshine Creek Good Contributing
Topography
Reservoir No. 1 and Reservoir No. 2 Fair Contributing
Earthen berm Fair Contributing
Open level area Fair Contributing
Circulation
Soft surface trail with bridges Fair Non-Contributing
Boulder Creek Greenway Good Non-Contributing
Structures
Waterline support - north pylon with steel girder Fair Contributing
Waterline support - south pylons Fair Contributing
Concrete Dam with Headgate Fair Contributing
Archeological Features
Holding ponds (Reservoir No. 1 and Reservoir No. 2)Not Observed Contributing
Smelter building foundations Not Observed Contributing
Small Scale Features
Boulder with iron rings Good Contributing
Interpretive sign Good Non-Contributing
Xeriscape Garden and flagstone pavers Poor Non-Contributing
Vegetation
Plains Cottonwood (80-inch DBH)Fair Contributing
Large Willow (60-inch DBH)Fair Contributing
Riparian vegetation on Boulder Creek embankments Good Non-Contributing
Vegetation - fruit trees, evergreen trees, deciduous trees, and native grasses Fair Non-Contributing
Views and Viewsheds
View of Boulder Canyon Fair Contributing
View to Boulder Creek Fair Contributing
Contributing and Non-Contributing Features
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-18Arapahoe AvenueCanyon Bou
levardWest Arapahoe
Lane
Boulder
Municipal
CourtBoulder
CreekBoulder Creek Pat
hSunshine C
r
e
e
k
7
11
4
13
1 3
2
4
5
6
9
10
3rd Street
12
Reservoir
No. 2
Reservoir
No. 1
8Boyd Smelter Site | Existing Condition and Analysis0 40 80 ft20NMundus Bishop | October 2022Figure 1-12. Boyd Smelter/Mill Existing Condition, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop).
Boyd Mill & Smelter Outline
Assay Oce Outline
Ore House Outline
Historic Line of Railroad
Historic Line of Sunshine
Creek Diversion
Historic Berm Line
Head Gate & Dam
Concrete Dam with Headgate
North & South Pylons of
Waterline Support
Bridge Footing
Jack’s Cottonwood
Boulder with Iron Hooks
Xeriscape Garden
Boyd Smelter Site
Boulder Historic District
Non-extant Feature
Non-extant Building Footprint
Extant Feature
Soft Surface Trail
Interpretive Sign
Light Post
Contributing Tree
LEGEND
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10-19
Structural Condition
North and South Pylons (Waterline Supports)
Three masonry pylons are the remaining extant features of a waterline support constructed of a mixture of local
sandstone, tumbled field stones from the creek, and salvaged blocks of early concrete. The masonry has been
repointed with a hard, cementitious mortar. The structures generally taper from the base to the top and there
are some remnants of metal components embedded into the masonry structures, such as the metal bar atop the
northernmost pylon. The northernmost pylon is on the north bank of Boulder Creek, while the southern two
pylons are on the south bank of Boulder Creek. The two on the south bank were inaccessible at the time of the
observation visit since they require access through private property.
Overall, the masonry pylons are in fair condition. Although there are no signs of major failure or displacement,
there are several issues that could be improved to increase the longevity of the pylons. Most of the following were
identified at the north pylon due to access, but likely occur at the other pylons as well. Several of the masonry
units, primarily the reused concrete, have cracked. Some stones are missing. In some areas, mortar is missing
between the stones. Additionally, the mortar is quite hard or cementitious for direct contact with the softer stones
(i.e. the sandstone). The parge coat cap atop the masonry pylon is cracked and does not cover all elements.
Biogrowth on the masonry is abundant in shady areas of the pylons. The pylons directly adjacent to the banks of
Boulder Creek are slightly undercut due to scour from the moving creek water.
Steel Girders
Extending north from the northernmost pylon are two built-up girders. These elements consist of a vertical plate
riveted to a channel at the top and bottom. The open side is faced with a lattice of thin steel strips. At the south
end, they bear on the masonry pylon while at the north end they now bear on grade.
The girders are in fair condition. Although they are structurally stable, the north ends of the girders are currently
buried in the earth. If there is no substantial foundation element below these ends, the soil could settle and cause
the north end of the girders to settle as well. Also, there are areas of the girders where rust has started to form
due to exposure to the elements. Lastly, there are trees and other plants growing in close proximity to the steel
girders that could cause the steel girders to displace if the plants grow larger.
Figure 1-13. Biogrowth and areas of missing mortar, 2020
(source: JVA)
Figure 1-14. Southern pylons on south side of Boulder Creek,
2020 (source: JVA)
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-20
Figure 1-15. Steel girders extending from northernmost
pylon, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-16. Base of north pylon. Note the scour at the creek
bank's edge, 2020 (source: JVA)
Figure 1-17. South face of north pylon, 2020 (source: JVA)
10-21
Structural Condition Definitions
This structural condition assessment makes use of terms concerning the condition of building components which are
defined as follows:
Good - A structural element, component or system is considered in good condition when it is undamaged,
structurally sound or functionally operational, and performing as intended. No specific repairs are required, and only
minor or routine maintenance is needed.
Fair - An element, component or system is considered in fair condition when there are signs of wear or deterioration,
such as freeze-thaw deterioration, corrosion, or wood decay exceeding expectations based on the age and use of
the element, that may be reducing the structural capacity of the member. Replacement or repair of the element may
be required.
Poor - An element, component, or system is considered in poor condition when it no longer performs its intended
structural purpose. Deterioration or damage reduced the load carrying capacity of the element and simple repairs
cannot be justified or are not expected to be effective. The element may show signs of imminent failure. Major
repair or replacement will be required.
Condition ratings reported are based upon visual observations only.
No material testing or exploratory observations have been made.
NOTE: Further investigation could result in modification to condition ratings.
Table 1-2: Condition Assessment of Structural Features
Primary Features Description of Primary Materials Condition
Waterline Supports Masonry Pylons - Local stacked sandstone with Steel Girders Fair
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-22
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
Figure 1-18. Flagstone pavers and xeriscape garden, 2020
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-19. Interpretive sign, 2020 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-20. South water pylon on private property
(source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-21. Rail line above ground, adjacent to the creek
(source: Mundus Bishop)
10-23
TREATMENT
Rehabilitation is the selected treatment approach for Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site as this will provide for its preservation
and repair, and will allow for addition of compatible improvements. This treatment guidance provides actions
and recommendations to guide the holistic stewardship of Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site and its significance as a historic
smelting and mining site within Boulder.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and
in support of current and futures uses. This section provides actions to protect significant cultural resources, and
repair contributing features and the setting. Treatment recommendations identify where repair is needed to reveal
historic features, retain character, and maintain integrity. Future work planned for Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site shall
be guided by The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, and accomplished
by using accepted preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service, and Chapter 9-11 (Historic
Preseration) of the Boulder Revised Municipal Code.
Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, or additions if those portions or features that convey its historic, cultural, or architectural values
are preserved. Rehabilitation allows for new additions to be integrated within the study area in a manner that
preserves established patterns and features. Additional actions include those that preserve, repair, and retain
contributing features and qualities that contribute to the historic character.
Guiding Principles
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site is the site of Boulder’s first smelter and one of the last remaining vestiges of the mining/
smelting industry within the City of Boulder. Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site contains above-grade and below-grade
archeological features from the late 19th and early 20th century mining and milling industries in Boulder. Most
of the site is a large flat open space with trees and tall grasses where smelting operations occurred. The Boulder
Creek Greenway and a native surface trail extend across the site and connect it to adjacent park-owned lands.
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site is bordered by Canyon Boulevard to the north, the Municipal Court grounds to the east
and Boulder Creek to the south. The site is primarily used for passive recreation and is a designated local historic
archeological landmark.
Guiding Principles
• Protect Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site as a significant cultural landscape associated with Boulder’s smelting and
milling industries.
• Preserve, protect, and repair Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site’s contributing features and those characteristics that
contribute to its historic character including natural systems and features, topography, views, small scale
features, archeological features, and vegetation.
• Maintain and enhance the variety of park and recreational uses and experiences offered with Boyd
Smelter/ Mill Site.
• Allow compatible additions to provide recreational and interpretive experiences in keeping with Boyd
Smelter/Mill Site's role as a historic and recreational property.
• Consider further archeological investigations to determine the presence, location, frequency and
condition of subsurface materials.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-24
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of individual landscape
characteristics of Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site. Treatment guidance is presented according to seven landscape
characteristics - natural systems, topography, views, circulation, structures, small-scale features and vegetation.
Treatment guidance also covers proposals for new development within the landmark boundary.
Natural Systems
Boyd Smelter/ Mill Site was built on Boulder Creek to access fresh water for industrial smelting and mining
operations. Boulder Creek was modified to accommodate these operations.
• Preserve characteristics associated with the site's historic use and retain it as an important part of the
natural system.
Topography
Historic topography consists of the open level area and two reservoirs defined by earthen berms and a concrete
dam/ headgate on the east and west sides. The reservoirs were covered with fill material, but portions remain
visible.
• Protect the open level area and earthen berm.
Circulation
Pedestrian circulation consists of contemporary features including Boulder Creek Greenway and a soft surface trail
adjacent to Boulder Creek. Both trails are built over archeological features and are non-contributing features.
• Provide access to Boulder Creek, picnicking areas, and archeological features, where appropriate.
Structures
Original structures are associated with smelting and milling operations - the north and south pylons (waterline
supports) and concrete dam and headgate.
• Protect contributing structures in original locations.
• Preserve and repair the north and south pylons extant structural features.
○Inject cracks in the masonry units using a mortar and/or epoxy appropriate for the base material.
○Replace missing stones with appropriate replacement stones if the originals cannot be found.
○Deeply rake mortar joints and replace with a soft mortar to match the properties of the original
mortar to be compatible with the softest stones (based on a mortar analysis of a sample to be taken
from the pylons). Provide periodic maintenance of mortar.
○Apply a parge coat to the horizontal top surfaces of the pylons using an appropriate parging
material.
○Remove biogrowth with an appropriate cleaner based on a cleaning trial.
○Monitor the streambank for under cutting near the bases of the pylons and coordinate with other
agencies on actions to prevent erosion and to mitigate potential loss of structure.
• Preserve and repair the steel girders' extant structural features.
○Conduct further investigations to verify concrete foundation element at the north end of the steel
elements. If a new foundation is necessary, etch the construction date into the concrete so that the
new foundation is discernible from the historic resource.
○Remove rust from steel elements with a wire brush and/or chemical cleaners (to be determined by
a cleaning trial prior to construction). Paint surfaces of with a galvanizing paint. Provide periodic
maintenance of paint.
○Remove biomass growth and trees from around steel elements.
10-25
Archeological Features
Archeological features associated with smelting and milling operations remain above and below-grade including
remnants of the narrow-gauge railroad, dam headwalls, and water line. Building foundations and holding ponds
are extant below-grade.
• Protect Boyd Smelter/Mill Site's above and below grade archaeological features.
• Consider conducting further non-intrusive investigations for archeology and environmental conditions.
• Consider employing qualified archaeologist(s) to conduct or oversee archival, surface, and geophysical
survey (i.e., ground-penetrating radar) to accurately determine the extent of smelter building and site
features. Document findings according to professional archaeological standards.
• Conduct further environmental investigations into the extent of contaminated soil to assist with planned
projects.
○Studies conducted by City of Boulder in 1997 indicated the presence of low-level contamination
from uranium mill tailings. This study recommended further environmental investigation in the form
of soil sampling and radiation surveys prior to any archeological investigations or site disturbance,
including any work within the building footprint or any revegetation.
• Consider conducting a property survey to accurately locate above-ground features, including building
footings, stone water pylons, boulder with iron rings, concrete dam, and vegetation.
• Consider extant below-grade and above-grade features when planning new improvements to avoid
extant feature.
Vegetation
Riparian vegetation, mature trees, and tall grasses comprise the site's vegetation.
• Preserve mature trees and riparian vegetation along Boulder Creek.
○Perform pruning and thinning to maintain tree form and health. Replace mature trees when they
become hazardous or die with appropriate species.
• Consider measures to reveal Boyd Smelter/Mill Site’s historic spaces and topographic features.
○Consider thinning pockets of dense vegetation and trees to open views to the site, Boulder Creek,
and historic structures.
• Consider selectively removing vegetation along Boulder Creek's banks to reveal portions of the extant
features.
• Consider views or spatial patterns when replacing or determining locations for new plantings.
Small-Scale Features
Small-scale features include the xeriscape garden and boulder with iron rings. Site furnishings include benches,
picnic tables, and an interpretive sign.
• Protect the boulder with iron rings in-pace as a character-defining feature.
• Remove the xeriscape garden and stone pavers.
• Allow new small-scale features to accommodate programming, use and health and safety within Boyd
Smelter/Mill Site, where appropriate.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-26
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; relevancy
to other current plans.
1 - Conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of contributing features and those that contribute to
the historic character.
○North and South Pylons (Waterline Supports) - Monitor the streambank for under cutting near the
bases of the pylons and coordinate with other agencies or actions to prevent erosion and to mitigate
potential loss of the structures. Verify the foundation under the steel elements; if no foundation
exists, consider providing one and etch the date of its installation in a discreet area.
○Consider additional archaeological testing to determine the presence, location, frequency and
condition of subsurface materials.
○Conduct a topographic and boundary survey to confirm / verify contributing features are on city-
owned or on private property.
○Conduct an environmental analysis.
2 - Conduct repairs to improve the condition of contributing features and those that contribute to
the historic character.
○North and South Pylons (Waterline Supports) - Remove biomass growth and trees from around the
steel elements. Repair or replace masonry and mortar joints where missing or deteriorated. Remove
corrosion from steel elements and coat with protective coating.
3 - Programming
○Develop an interpretive exhibit and signage to place the history of Boyd Smelter / Mill Site in context
with the history of telluride and tungsten mining in Boulder.
10-27
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
Bernhardt, Kate to Rebecca Waugh and Tina Bishop. Memo on Environmental Analysis at Boulder Smelter Site.
Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks and Recreation, 2001.
"Chapter 9 – Development Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH9DEST
"Chapter 10 – Nonconformance Standards," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://
library.municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
"Chapter 11 - Historic Preservation," City of Boulder Municipal Code. Accessed May 8, 2023. https://library.
municode.com/co/boulder/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT9LAUSCO_CH11HIPR
City of Boulder. Ordinance No. 6003: Boyd Smelter/Mill Site. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, 1998.
Fell, James E. “The Mining Industry in Colorado” National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property
Documentation Form. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 2008.
Hutchinson, Wendell F. "Ohio-Colorado Smelting and Refining Company Smokestack" National Register of
Historic Places Nomination Form. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1976.
Junge, Mark. “Grand Encampment Mining Region: The Boston-Wyoming Smelter Site,” National Register of
Historic Places Nomination Form. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1973.
Mundus Bishop. Boyd Smelter Site Preservation and Interpretation Plan. Boulder, CO: Historic Boulder, Inc. and
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation, 2002.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
“Ores to Metals – The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry.” Western Mining History Online. Accessed February 24,
2021, https://westernmininghistory.com/655/ores-to-metals-the-rocky-mountain-smelting-industry/.
Paleowest. “5BL.7094 Boyd Smelter Data Management Form.” Boulder, CO: Office of Archaeology and Historic
Preservation, 2023.
"Public Hearing, Review, and Consideration Agenda and Attachments of Information Presented to City Council,
August 5, 1998.” Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Advisory Board.
Sanocki, Abigail Sanocki. "Boulder Creek Improvements at Boyd Smelter Technical Memorandum." Boulder
County, CO: ERO Resources Corporation, 2017.
Smith, Jack E. Cultural Resource Survey of Boyd Smelter Site (5BL7094). Boulder, CO: Historic Boulder Inc.,
2001.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
Boyd Smelter/Mill Site10-28
RAILROAD RESOURCES
MAY 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GRANTOR
History Colorado, State Historical Fund*
• Jenny Deichman, Survey Specialist
• Korbin Pugh, Grant Contracts Specialist & Property Protection Coordinator
GRANTEE
City of Boulder Parks and Recreation
• Mark Davison, Senior Planning Manager
• Regina Elsner, Senior Manager
• Tina Briggs, Parks Planner
• Charlotte O'Donnell, City Planner
• David Choate, Historic and Cultural Asset Program Manager
CONSULTANTS
MUNDUS BISHOP
IMAGE CREDITS
Current-day (2022) photographs provided by Mundus Bishop. Historic photographs (pre-2022) provided
by the City of Boulder or from online archives at the Carnegie Branch Library for Local History and Boulder
Historical Society Collection, unless otherwise noted.
STATEMENT
The Resource Assessment Report documents the history, significance, integrity and current condition of the
resource. It does not evaluate for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If the resource has been
previously listed or evaluated it is referenced and footnoted.
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Common Terminology ......................................................11-4
Property Overview ............................................................11-5
Designation, Eligibility, & Classification Summary ..........11-5
Designation Boundary ......................................................11-6
History & Significance .......................................................11-6
Integrity .............................................................................11-11
Existing Condition ............................................................11-16
Additional Images ...........................................................11-20
Treatment .........................................................................11-22
Resources .........................................................................11-24
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 1-1. Boulder Railroad Resources on display in Central Park, 1995 (source: Simmons and Simmons, Historic
Building Inventory Record - Railroad Train, Boulder Survey of Historic Places - Scattered Resources)
*This project is / was paid for in part by a History Colorado State Historical Fund grant.
The content and opinions contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of History Colorado.
Railroad Resources 11-4
Integrity 3
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey
its significance. It is assessed to determine if the
characteristics that shaped the property during
the period of significance are present as they were
historically.
Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic
property.
Design is the combination of elements that create
the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property.
Materials are the physical elements that were
combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to
form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period in
history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or
historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association is the direct link between an important
historic event or person and a historic property.
State/National Register Terminology1 2
Area of Significance - an aspect of historic development in which a property made contributions for
which it meets the National Register criteria, such as architecture, entertainment or recreation.
Character-Defining Features - the elements that account for the overall shape of the building, its materials,
craftsmanship, decorative details, interior spaces and features, as well as the various aspects of its site and
environment.
Compatible Feature - a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a cultural landscape that
contributes significantly to its physical character. Land use patterns, vegetation, furnishings, decorative details and
materials may be such features.
Contributing Resource - a building, site, structure, object, or feature adding to the significance of a property.
Designation Boundary - the boundary defined by the Landmarks Board and City Council that encompasses a historic
property. This boundary represents a physical area in which any future alterations have historic preservation review
associated with them.
Eligibility - ability of a property to meet the State/National Register criteria.
Evaluation Criteria - the established criteria for evaluating the eligibility of properties for inclusion in the National
Register of Historic Places and its level of significance—local, state, or national.
Historic Context - information about historic properties based on a shared theme, specific time period and
geographical area.
Landscape Characteristics - the tangible and intangible aspects of a landscape from a historic period; these aspects
individually and collectively give a space its historic character and aid in understanding its historical importance.
Local Landmark - a local area or building that has been determined to have a special character and historic,
architectural, or aesthetic or value to the city.
Period of Significance - the span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the State
and/or National Register criteria, and/or Local Landmarks criteria.
Property Type - a grouping of properties defined by common physical and associative attributes.
COMMON TERMINOLOGY
1 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation” (Washington
DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997); Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property
to the State Register.” (Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018).
2 Charles A. Birnbaum and Christine Capella Peters, The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the
Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1996).
3 Ibid.
11-5
District(s)
Sites(s)
Buildings(s)
x Structure(s)
Object(s)
Feature(s)
Property Types
Location
Setting
x Design
x Materials
x Workmanship
x Feeling
x Association
Property Integrity: Aspects
Individual Character-Defining Features of
Property Types
District(s)
Site(s)
Building(s)
Structure(s)
C&NW No. 30
D&RGW No. 280
D&RGW No. 04990
Object(s)
Feature(s)
NRHP Evaluation Criterion5
x Criterion A: The property is associated with event
that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history
Criterion B: The property is associated with the lives
of persons significant in our past
x Criterion C: The property embodies the distinctive
characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or represents the work of a master, or
possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction
Criterion D: The property has yielded, or may be
likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
history
State Register of
Historic Places
x Listed
Determined Eligible
Delisted
National Register of
Historic Places
Listed
x Determined Eligible
Delisted
State & National Register Eligibility4
Period of Significance
Date Range: 1898 to 1952 (Locomotive No. 30)
Date Range: 1881 to 1951 (Coach No. 280)
Date Range: 1895 to 1951 (Caboose No.04990)
PROPERTY OVERVIEW
DESIGNATION, ELIGIBILITY, & CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Current Designation Level
Local Landmark
x State Register of Historic Places (SRHP)
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Property Name:
Location:
Property Address:
Latitude/Longitude:
Legal Property Description:
Parcel Tag:
Acreage / Square Footage:
Date of Construction &
Builders:
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990
Colorado Railroad Museum (CRRM)
17155 W. 44th Avenue Golden, CO, 80302
39.7715 / -105.1934
NA
NA
NA
C&NW Locomotive No. 30 - 1898, Brooks Locomotive Works of Dunkirk
D&RGW Coach No. 280 - 1880, Jackson and Sharp
D&RGW Caboose No. 04990 - 1895, Ohio Falls Car Manufacturing Company
Ordinance & Listing Information
City of Boulder
Local Landmark No:
Ordinance No:
Ordinance Date:
State ID:
National Historic
Landmark No:
5BL.7292 (Locomotive No. 30)
5BL.7293 (Coach No. 280)
5BL.7294 (Caboose No.04990)
Areas of Significance
Transportation
Engineering (Locomotive No. 30 & Coach No. 280)
4 Thomas Simmons. Survey of Historic Places - Scattered Resources, 1995 (Denver, CO: Colorado State Register of Historic Properties, 1995).
5 Ibid. Evaluation is based on this document.
Railroad Resources 11-6
DESIGNATION BOUNDARY
The designation boundary for each of the three Railroad Resources only includes the structures, and does not
extend beyond the structure.
A train easement was created by the City of Boulder in 1998, defining the area where the rolling stock were
displayed within the boundaries of Central Park (Figure 1-2). The Railroad Resources are currently on loan to the
Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado.
HISTORY & SIGNIFICANCE
Historic Context
Statement of Context
The three railroad resources within Boulder’s collection include a locomotive, caboose and coach: Colorado
and Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30, Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280, and
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990. All operated on the narrow-gauge Switzerland Trail
and other narrow-gauge mountain railways in the Rocky Mountains. Originally built in the late 1800s, these
resources are significant for their role in the expansion of transportation with Colorado and the Rocky Mountains.
They are associated with the theme of transportation within the area of significance in rolling stock. Two are
associated with the theme of engineering — Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280 and Denver
& Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990. All three were acquired by the City of Boulder in 1953 in
recognition of Boulder’s connection to the Switzerland Trail and to late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-
century mining. The three were placed in Central Park within a historic easement as railway lines passed through
the park at one time. Now housed at the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado, the three resources
are rare extant examples of narrow-gauge rolling stock associated with the unique mountain railways of Colorado
and the West.
Background History
By 1881 when the first of Boulder’s historic rolling stock, Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No.
280, was built, railway development in Colorado had been underway for several decades. Discovery of gold
in Colorado in 1858 spurred campaigns to expand the nation’s railways westward, building upon an already
growing desire for a transcontinental railroad. As steam revolutionized transportation technology in the 1850s,
the railroad became the nation’s preferred major transportation choice. Thousands of miles of line were laid in
eastern states, surpassing canals and rivers as the dominant means of transportation. However, the possibility
of a transcontinental railroad stalled until the 1860s. In 1863 Union Pacific Railroad Company laid track west
from Omaha, Nebraska, made possible by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and generous bond subsidies and land
grants. While eastern railroads had been developed with private funds, western efforts relied on federal dollars
and subsidies. Colorado’s first tracks of the transcontinental line were laid in 1867 when Union Pacific extended
the route through the state’s northeastern corner.6
Colorado boosters championed for rail lines to connect the state with the rest of the country, and to connect
with its growing mining industry high up in the Rocky Mountains. Efforts to build rail lines in Colorado faced
many hurdles—from business rivalries to challenging mountain topography to physical challenges of circuitous
routes, and potential mountain tunnels. By the 1870s it was clear the national companies would not be building
rail in Colorado. Rail boosters moved to build railways without them and sponsored expeditions to find a
favorable mountain route. Several separate groups, including those from Denver, Golden, and Loveland organized
independent Colorado railroad companies, including the state’s first—the Colorado Central (CC)—and others
who partnered with Union Pacific.7
6 Ibid.
7 Clayton B. Fraser and Jennifer Strand, “Railroads in Colorado 1858 - 1948,” National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997).
11-7
In the 1860s, collecting placer gold from streams and tapping easily accessible veins diminished. More technical-
intensive operations to mine hard rock were needed. By the 1870s, the invention of a smelting system that
successfully separated ore (gold) from hard rock and the beginning of Colorado’s silver boom, including the
discovery of large deposits high up in Boulder Canyon at Caribou, boosted the state’s economy. Gold outyielded
silver in the early 1870s, but by 1874 silver surpassed gold production. Mining required shipping large,
cumbersome loads and heavy equipment into the mines and shipping heavy ores out, typically over precipitous
terrain. Many Colorado mines had relied on horsedrawn transportation to some extent during producing years,
but the capacity of horse, wagons, and mules was dwarfed by that of trains. Trains offered massive hauling
power for mines and smelters, and rail lines would connect to mountain mines with supply lines, shipping, and
Colorado’s eastern towns. Rail lines were also desirable for their potential to support expansion of the growing
tourism industry of the late-eighteenth century.8
The introduction of the narrow-gauge railroad in Colorado in 1871 made building rail lines into Colorado’s
mountainous terrain possible. Narrow-gauge tracks had first been built in Wales, then introduced to Colorado
by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad. It offered several advantages to the standard-gauge railroads.
The two-foot gauge rails (laid two-feet apart) were cheaper to build (by about a third) and the narrow-gauge
rails were lighter (weighing about thirty to forty pounds per yard compared to the eighty to ninety-pound rails
of standard gauge. The narrow-gauge’s big advantage was in the greater traction it offered in climbing steep
mountain grades. The Colorado Central narrow-gauge railroad was the first to reach the region’s gold mines,
when they laid tracks through steep Clear Creek Canyon in 1872 to connect Golden with Blackhawk. The impact
of the rail line and the advent of the new smelting system was dramatic. Lower freight rates meant precious
metals exported from Blackhawk maintained their value, further increasing the value of the railroad. The CC
extended track into the coal fields of Boulder Valley in 1873 linking with Blackhawk—this was a direct connection
between the new smelter at Blackhawk and Boulder Valley's coal that was needed to fuel the smelter.
The 1880s and 1890s were the peak years of railroad development within the state of Colorado. By 1892
Colorado had three times more miles of railroad than in 1880. By 1910 more than 5,532 miles of track serviced
the state, accessing not just silver mining but connecting the industries of gold, coal, lumber, stone, agricultural
products, and tourism. All three of Boulder’s railroad resources were built and put into service during this time. In
1880 the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280 was put into service and operated on narrow-
gauge lines until 1952. Beginning in 1909, Colorado and Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30 served as a
mountain tourism line known as ‘The Switzerland of America,’ or the Switzerland Trail until it derailed in 1915.
Locomotive 30 is indicative of rail cars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as it was modified and
upgraded many times to meet the demands of its industries and owners. Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad
Caboose No. 04990 was built as a boxcar in 1905, but put into service as a working caboose in 1906, and rebuilt
into a standard caboose in 1919. Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280 is one of only two intact
Jackson and Sharp wooden passenger cars in Colorado that remained in service until retired.
Development of the Theme or Area of Significance
The three Railroad Resources represent the development of Colorado’s transportation industry, particularly in the
expansion of transportation into the Rocky Mountains in the late nineteenth century as part of the development
of narrow-gauge railroads within the state. The technology and construction of narrow-gauge railroads and the
development of rolling stock for these railroads were instrumental in the development of Colorado industries.
Rail transformed the state’s industries, from gold and silver mining, to agricultural products, to advancing
tourism by rail. Colorado and Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30 and Coach No. 280 represent important
advancements in engineering in the state, particularly related to transportation and the narrow-gauge railroads of
Colorado.
8 Fraser, “Railroads in Colorado."
Railroad Resources 11-8
Statement of Significance
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30 (Locomotive No. 30) and its tender are representative of
the history of transportation in Colorado. They are significant for their association with the expansion of railroads
into the Rocky Mountains during the late nineteenth century and for being operated on the narrow gauge
Switzerland Trail and other mountain railroads.9
Locomotive No. 30 is significant under NRHP Criterion A in the area of Transportation for its association with
transportation history in Boulder County. Locomotive No. 30 is the only surviving engine that operated on the
Colorado and Northwestern Railroad–also known as the Switzerland Trail, a line that extended from Boulder to
Eldora, Gold Hill, and Ward. The Switzerland Trail is the only narrow-gauge railroad in Boulder County. Colorado
and Northwestern Railroad had an important role in the development of Boulder and Boulder County's mountain
mining community. Locomotive No. 30 is also significant for its association with the Colorado & Southern Railway
who owned and modified it and the Rio Grande Southern narrow-gauge railroads.
Locomotive No. 30 is significant under NRHP Criterion C in the area of Engineering as a locomotive built by
Brooks Locomotive Works of Dunkirk, New York. Brooks Locomotive Works built many steam engines for major
railroads across the United States. Locomotive No. 30 was one of three similar locomotives delivered to the
Colorado and Northwestern Railroad in 1898. The other two locomotives were sold to Cerro de Pasco Copper
Corporation in Lima, Peru, and eventually scrapped. Locomotive No. 30's current appearance reflects the rebuilds
and modifications undertaken by the various railroads it served.10
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280 (Coach No. 280) is significant under NRHP Criterion
A in the area of Transportation for its association with the Denver & Rio Grande and Denver & Rio Grande
Western railroads. Coach No. 280 remains as a physical reminder of the importance of narrow-gauge railroads in
Colorado's development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Coach No. 280 is significant under NRHP Criterion C in the area of Engineering as a locomotive built by Jackson
and Sharp of Wilmington, Delaware. It retains integrity of the design and construction methods associated with
wooden passenger cars that served on Colorado's narrow-gauge railroad lines. It is one of only two intact Jackson
and Sharp wooden passenger cars in Colorado that remained in service until their retirement.11
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990
Caboose No. 04990 is significant under NRHP Criterion A in the area of Transportation for its association with the
Denver & Rio Grande and Denver & Rio Grande Western railroads. Caboose No. 04990 was originally a boxcar
built in 1880 and rebuilt into a caboose in 1919 by the Denver & Rio Grande Western railroad. Caboose No.
04990 remains as a physical reminder of the importance of narrow gauge railroads in Colorado's development
during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.12
9 Simmons, Scattered Resources, 2.
10 Betty Chronic, “Locomotive No. 30,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (Denver, CO: Colorado State Register of Historic
Properties, 1998), 3-4.
11 Betty Chronic, “Coach No. 280,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (Denver, CO: Colorado State Register of Historic Properties,
1998), 3-4.
12 Betty Chronic, “Caboose No. 04990,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (Denver, CO: Colorado State Register of Historic
Properties, 1998), 3.
11-9
Period of Significance
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30
The period of significance for Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30 is from 1898 to 1952. The
period begins when Locomotive No. 30 was built and delivered to Colorado in 1898. The period ends when the
locomotive and its tender were retired from service on the Rio Grande Southern and placed on display in Central
Park.
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280
The period of significance for Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280 is from 1880 to 1951. The
period begins when Coach No. 280 was built in 1880. The period ends when it retired from service on the Denver
& Rio Grande Western railroad and was later placed on display in Central Park.
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990
The period of significance for Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990 is from 1880 to
1951. The period begins when Coach No. 280 was built as a long wooden box car for the Denver & Rio Grande
Railroad. The period of significance extends through its rebuild as a caboose and ends when it retired from service
on the Denver & Rio Grande Western railroad and dismantled in Alamosa.
Railroad Resources 11-10
Summary of Use
Historic Use
The three Railroad Resources operated on various narrow-gauge railroad lines throughout Colorado. They were
retired from service between 1951 and 1952.
Current Use
Locomotive No. 30 and Coach No. 280 were purchased by the City of Boulder in 1952 and placed on display
in Central Park. Caboose No. 04990 was placed on display in 1975. The railroad resources were relocated to
the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado in 2012 where they were restored. Locomotive No. 30 and
Caboose No. 04990 are currently displayed along walkways at the museum. Coach No. 280 is used for passenger
rides, most notably for the seasonal Polar Express Train Ride.
Figure 1-2. Train Easement for the Railroad Resources defined in 1998 for their display in Central
Park (source: Locomotive No. 30 SRHP Nomination Form).
11-11
INTEGRITY
The integrity of the three Railroad Resources has been assessed to determine if the characteristics that shaped the
original construction within each period of significance are present as they were historically. Integrity is evaluated
according to seven aspects or qualities: location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
The Railroad Resources retain integrity in design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. The Railroad
Resources have diminished integrity in location and setting as they are no longer in their original locations.
Location
All three rolling stock have been relocated from their original narrow-gauge railroad lines. Two were originally
placed on display for public view in Central Park beginning in 1952. Caboose No. 04990 was put on display
in 1975. In 1998, the City of Boulder set aside a train easement for their placement within the park. The three
Railroad Resources are currently on display for interpretation and use at the Colorado Railroad Museum in
Golden, Colorado.
Setting
Since the rolling stock are no longer associated with a railway and have been relocated to a museum setting and
used as interpretive displays, the three Railroad Resources do not retain integrity of setting.
Design, Materials and Workmanship
The Railroad Resources retain integrity in design, materials, and workmanship. Modifications to Locomotive No.
30, Coach No. 280, and Caboose No. 04990 over time reflect the changes undertaken by various railroads during
the period of significance. Each rolling stock has been restored to its historic appearance and materials replaced
in-kind. Locomotive No. 30 is no longer operational and its restoration was only cosmetic. The rolling stock are
routinely maintained by the Colorado Railroad Museum.
Feeling
The Railroad Resources retain their sense of feeling as historic narrow-gauge railroad resources from the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Association
The Railroad Resources retain association with Colorado's transportation history. Integrity of association is
somewhat diminished due to the rolling stock being displayed in a museum instead of as functioning railroad
features.
Railroad Resources 11-12
C&NW No. 30 Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1898 Locomotive No. 30 built by Brooks Locomotive of Dunkirk, NY. Sold to Colorado and North-
western Railroad for its mining operation at Climax Mine in Leadville.
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1901 Locomotive No. 30 derailed tracks during an avalanche, landing 400 feet down a mountain-
side. Recovered and repaired in Denver. Repairs included new headlights, smokestacks and
wood cabs, and replacement of running boards.
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1909 Colorado and Northwestern Railroad bankrupted. Locomotive No. 30 retained by Denver,
Boulder & Western Railroad. It served as a mountain tourism line called "The Switzerland of
America."
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1915 In July, Locomotive No. 30 derailed on a downgrade by Black Swan curve between Salina and
Crisman (in Fourmile Canyon, Boulder County). The engine received upgrades with cab, tender,
automatic couplers and an electric headlight.
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1915 to
1919
Denver, Boulder & Western Railroad ends service on the Switzerland Trail of America. City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1920 Locomotive No. 30 sold to the Morse Brothers,City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1921 Locomotive No. 30 purchased by the Colorado & Southern Railway for use on its freight car
line. Its number changed to 74 to be in sequence with the railroad’s other equipment.
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1922 Locomotive No. 30 tender received new trucks (wheel assemblies) and side bunkers were
raised to increase its coal capacity to eight tons. The locomotive received new Westinghouse
11” air pumps, larger air tanks and two pane windows to help it match the other engines
operating on the Colorado & Southern Railway line. In April, one of Locomotive No. 30’s sister
engines rolled over and it was determined that the engines were top heavy. Modifications
made to increase the coal capacity were removed.
City of Boulder Train
History, 2
1926 George Lundberg, who worked in the mechanical department at Colorado & Southern Railway,
installed customized Walschaerts valve gears in C&NW No. 30. In order to install the valve
gears, the locomotive had to be completely dismantled and rebuilt.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1931 Locomotive No. 30 received more upgrades, including a new steel cab and a Pyle National
headlight. Once the upgrades were completed, the locomotive was considered to be the “ulti-
mate” in modern motive power on the Colorado & Southern Railway narrow gauge line.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1935 Locomotive No. 30 tender rebuilt with a new coal bunker, which removed the remnant of the
Brooks flared top.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1935 to
1940
Locomotive No. 30 operated between Leadville and Climax. In 1940, its frame broke when
bucking on snow. Equipment was transported to the site and it was repaired.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1943 Colorado & Southern Railway converted to standard gauge and the narrow gauge line was
abandoned. Locomotive No. 30 was relocated to Denver.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1945 Morse Brothers purchased Locomotive No. 30 from Colorado & Southern Railway.City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1948 Rio Grande Southern purchased Locomotive No. 30. It was updated in their Ridgway shop for
operation on a passenger line from Ridgway to Durango.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1949 Locomotive No. 30 requested into service by the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club for their trip
from Ridgway to Durango.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1951 to
1952
In September, Locomotive No. 30 commissioned again by the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club to
pull the last steam passenger train from Telluride to Ridgway along the Silver San Juan route.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1952 Locomotive No. 30 retired by Rio Grande Southern, purchased by Boulder residents and dis-
played in Central Park.
City of Boulder Train
History, 3
11-13
Date Event Source
1978 Locomotive No. 30 painted.City of Boulder Train
History, 3
1998 Locomotive No. 30 and its tender listed in the National State Register of Historic Places at the
state level of significance.
5BL.7294 Nomination
2002 Boulder received a grant to restore the tender of Locomotive No. 30 to operational status. City of Boulder Train
History, 3
2003 Operational restoration work was completed on Locomotive No. 30’s tender and it was
returned to Central Park. The City of Boulder also decided to apply for a grant to restore the
engine.
City of Boulder Train
History, 4
2004 City of Boulder applied for a grant through the State Historical Fund to cosmetically restore the
engine. History Colorado approached the city to make the locomotive operational to run on the
Georgetown Loop. City and History Colorado entered into an agreement to make the locomo-
tive operational.
City of Boulder Train
History, 4
2006 The City of Boulder and History Colorado determined that restoring the locomotive to
operational status was feasible. The project was refocused on cosmetic restoration.
City of Boulder Train
History, 4
2007 to
2011
West Side Locomotive of Denver hired to complete cosmetic restoration of Locomotive No. 30. City of Boulder Train
History, 4
2012 to
present
Cosmetic restoration work on the engine completed and the engine moved to the Colorado
Railroad Museum in Golden.
City of Boulder Train
History, 4
C&NW No. 30 Construction & Alteration History (continued)
Figure 1-3. Map of the Colorado & Northwestern Railway
"The Switzerland Trail of America" (source: City of Boulder
Train History)
Railroad Resources 11-14
D&RGW No. 280 Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1880 Coach No. 280 built by Jackson and Sharp of Wilmington, DE for the Denver & Rio Grande
Western Railroad.
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
1880-
1952
Coach No. 280 served the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad line until it was purchased
by Boulder residents.
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
1949-
1950
Coach No. 280 painted yellow and silver for the Chicago World's Fair
Coach No. 280 used in the movie "A Ticket to Tomahawk."
SRHP Nomination, 3
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
1952 Coach No. 280 sold to Boulder residents and displayed in Central Park.City of Boulder Train
History, 6
1998 Coach No. 280 listed on National Register of Historic Places at the state level of significance. 5BL.7293 Nomination
1999 Boulder’s Parks and Recreation Department received a matching grant from the Colorado State
Historical Fund to restore Coach No. 280.
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
2001 Coach No. 280 restored and put into operation on the Georgetown Loop line.
Coach No. 280 displayed at the Colorado Railroad Museum at the end of the Georgetown
Loop operating season.
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
2009 The City of Boulder assisted the Colorado Railroad Museum with funding to restore some of
the wood siding on Coach No. 280.
City of Boulder Train
History, 6
2012 -
present
D&RGW No. 280 on display at the Colorado Railroad Museum.City of Boulder Train
History, 6
11-15
D&RGW No. 04990 Construction & Alteration History
Date Event Source
1895 Caboose No. 04990 built by the Ohio Falls Car Manufacturing Company of Jeffersonville, IN. It
began service as a 30-foot long boxcar for the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad.
City of Boulder Train
History, 7
1906 Caboose No. 04990 appeared on the D&RGW equipment roster as a “working” caboose. City of Boulder Train
History, 7
1919 Caboose No. 04990 rebuilt from a boxcar into a standard caboose.City of Boulder Train
History, 7
1951 Caboose No. 04990 retired and dismantled in Alamosa, Colorado. The caboose body sold to a
rancher for a shed.
City of Boulder Train
History, 7
1975 Caboose No. 04990 discovered in a field near Alamosa. It was purchased by the City of
Boulder and displayed in Central Park.
City of Boulder Train
History, 7
1998 Caboose No. 04990 listed on Colorado State Register of Historic Places at the state level of
significance.
5BL.7292 Nomination
2007 Caboose No. 04990 set on fire while on display in Central Park. Boulder County Railway
Historical Society volunteers began restoration work Caboose No. 04990 with funding from
the City of Boulder for materials.
City of Boulder Train
History, 7
2009 Boulder County Railway Historical Society completed restoration of Caboose No. 04990. City of Boulder Train
History, 7
2010 -
2012
Caboose No. 04990 stored at a Boulder Parks and Recreation facility.City of Boulder Train
History, 7
2012 -
present
Caboose No. 04990 on display at the Colorado Railroad Museum.City of Boulder Train
History, 7
Railroad Resources 11-16
EXISTING CONDITION
Resource Description and Resource Summary
Colorado & Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30
Locomotive No. 30 is a narrow-gauge steam locomotive of the Consolidated type, or 2-8-0 wheel arrangement.
The 2-8-0 designation means that it has two smaller leading or pony truck wheels, eight driving wheels, and no
trailing truck wheels. The basic framework for Locomotive No. 30 remains as built, but its current appearance
reflects the rebuilds and modifications made over the years by the various railroads which it served.13
Locomotive No. 30 is set on a narrow-gauge railroad track and is on display at the Colorado Railroad Museum in
Golden, Colorado. The locomotive and its tender are in fair condition. The locomotive was recently painted and
vinyl stickers with the number '74' depict its position in the railroad when it was in service on the Colorado and
Southern line. The exterior has signs of metal corrosion and wood rot. Access into the locomotive is via a metal
stair, set on a concrete landing. Locomotive 30 and its tender are in good condition.
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280
Coach No. 280 is a wooden narrow-gauge coach. Its design reflects the modifications believed to have been
made by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad who replaced the roof ends from Duckbill to Bull-Nose,
adding a small window above twelve of the original windows on both sides, and eliminating an original window
on both sides.14
Coach No. 280 has had exterior features repaired using replacement, compatible materials. These include
handrails, wheels, and hook-up doors. Some parts were replaced with salvaged material from other rolling stock.
Coach No. 280 was in the Colorado Railroad Museum's shop for repairs and refurbishment during the field visit.
Coach No. 280's interior retains original seats, floor, ceiling, ice/ water tank, hopper, and stoves. The interior
shows signs of leaks and some seats are sagging. The interior lights were replaced with replicas. The exterior of
Coach No. 280 is in good condition. The interior is in fair condition.
Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990
Caboose No. 04990 is a wooden, narrow gauge caboose. It was rebuilt from a boxcar in 1919.
Most of Caboose No. 04990's exterior was rebuilt after it was set afire in Central Park in 2007. The exterior has
signs of fire damage that have been painted over for public display. Most exterior materials have been replaced
with compatible materials except for the roof shingles. Handrails, wheels, and hook-up doors have been replaced
with salvaged material from other rolling stock. Caboose No. 04990 was in the Colorado Railroad Museum's shop
for painting and refurbishment during the field visit. It is usually displayed on the museum's central walkway,
adjacent to another caboose near the Rockdale Display. Caboose No. 04990's interior has been gutted, and
repaired for interpretive and museum use. The museum often hosts children's activities including model train
demonstrations. Caboose No. 04990 is in good condition.
13 Chronic, "Caboose No. 04990," 1-2.
14 Chronic, "Caboose No. 04990," 1-2.
11-17
Figure 1-4. View of Locomotive No. 30 on display outside the
visitor center, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-8. Exterior landing, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-7. Vinyl stickers placed on the exterior to reflect
its use on the Colorado and Southern line, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-9. Metal corrosion, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-5. An exterior stair is used to access the engine
compartment, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-6. Locomotive No. 30's tender on display behind the
engine, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Railroad Resources 11-18
Figure 1-10. Wood steps and railings on Coach No. 280,
2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-11. Roof ends on Coach No. 280, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-12. Interior of Coach No. 280, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-13. Panel damage above storage rack in Coach
No. 280, 2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-14. Original seats in Coach No. 280, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
11-19
Figure 1-15. Exterior of Caboose No. 04990, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-16. Entrance of Caboose No. 04990, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-17. Signs of exterior damage after the 2007 fire,
2022 (source: Mundus Bishop)
Figure 1-18. Interior of Caboose No. 04990, 2022 (source:
Mundus Bishop)
Railroad Resources 11-20
Figure 1-19. Colorado and Southern Engines 74 to 76 (C&NW No. 30), 1935 (source: Locomotive No. 30 Colorado State
Register of Historic Properties Nomination, 1997.)
Figure 1-20. Denver and Rio Grande Western R.R. Coaches No. 284 and 306 (D&RGW No. 280), n.d. (source: Coach No. 280
Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination, 1997.)
ADDITIONAL IMAGES
11-21
Figure 1-21. Denver and Rio Grande Western Caboose No.04990 (D&RGW No. 04990), Robert Sloan, 1975. (source: Caboose
No. 04990 Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination, 1997.)
Railroad Resources 11-22
TREATMENT
Preservation is the selected treatment approach for Railroad Resources, which provides for the protection and
repair of the three rolling stock. This treatment guidance provides actions and recommendations to guide the
preservation of the Railroad Resources as historic rolling stock owned by the City of Boulder.
Treatment guidance is based upon review of historic documentation, assessment of condition and integrity, and
discussions with city staff and staff associated with the Colorado Railroad Museum, where the rolling stock are
currently housed and displayed. Treatment recommendations identify where measures for preservation and repair
are needed to retain historic character and integrity. Work planned for Railroad Resources shall be guided by The
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, and accomplished by using accepted
preservation methods detailed by the National Park Service.
Preservation is defined as the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity,
and materials of a historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property,
generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than
extensive replacement and new construction. New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment;
however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing system and other code-
required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.
Guiding Principles and General Treatment Guidance
The three railroad resources — Colorado and Northwestern Railroad Locomotive No. 30, Denver & Rio Grande
Western Railroad Coach No. 280, and Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Caboose No. 04990 — are the
last remaining vestiges of the railroad industry's rolling stock in the City of Boulder. The rolling stock represent
Colorado's transportation history and engineering ingenuity, and remain as physical reminders of the importance
of narrow-gauge railroads in Colorado's development during the nineteenth and twentieth century.
Guiding Principles
• Preserve, protect, and repair the Railroad Resources as significant historic features.
• Consider retaining the rolling stock for the long-term at the Colorado Railroad Museum as this provides
for their preservation, repair, and maintenance and allows for interpretation and community use.
• Continue partnerships with like-minded organizations, e.g., Colorado Railroad Museum, to assist in
interpretation, display, and care of the rolling stock. Consider a longer term partnership with Colorado
Railroad Museum.
• Assist in securing funding for the preservation of the rolling stock.
11-23
Treatment Guidance
Treatment guidance provides recommendations for the preservation and repair of the Railroad Resources.
General
Consider eliminating the train easement within Central Park.
• Consider eliminating the historic train easement in Central Park as the rolling stock are no longer
associated with the park.
Structures
The three rolling stock structures are associated with Colorado's railroad transportation history, particularly with
narrow-gauge tracks, and are important features to preserve.
• Preserve and repair each structure for continued interpretive use and display.
• Coordinate with CRHM to ensure regular assessments of each rolling stock are conducted to identify and
prioritize repairs needed to maintain their integrity and to allow for continued interpretive use.
Top Priorities
The following actions to improve or repair physical features or landscape characteristics are the top recommended
priorities. These actions meet the following criteria: impact for safety / stabilization; threat of loss of integrity;
poor condition; potential impact due to enhancement; critical path / adjacency to other planned work; relevancy
to other current plans.
1 - Coordinate and/or conduct repairs for the safety and stabilization of the rolling stock.
○Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Coach No. 280: Repair roof leak to eliminate damage to the
interiors, including seat upholstery, and repairs to the ceiling and walls using in-kind materials.
○Denver & Rio Grande Caboose No. 04990: Repair the rear platform by either replacing the wood
flooring using in-kind materials or by repainting the existing wood flooring.
2 - Assist in securing funding for the preservation of the rolling stock.
Railroad Resources 11-24
RESOURCES
Birnbaum, Charles A. and Christine Capella Peters. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, 1996.
Chronic, Betty. “Locomotive No. 30,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form. Denver,
CO: Colorado State Register of Historic Properties, 1998.
Chronic, Betty. “Coach No. 280,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form. Denver, CO:
Colorado State Register of Historic Properties, 1998.
Chronic, Betty. “Caboose No. 04990” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form. Denver,
CO: Colorado State Register of Historic Properties, 1998.
Fraser, Clayton and Jennifer Strand. “Railroads in Colorado 1858 - 1948,” National Register of Historic Places
Multiple Property Documentation Form. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
1997.
Simmons, Thomas. Survey of Historic Places - Scattered Resources, 1995. Denver, CO: Colorado State Register of
Historic Properties, 1995.
Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, History Colorado. “How to Nominate a Property to the State
Register.” Denver, CO: History Colorado, 2018.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National
Register Criteria for Evaluation.” Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997.
APPENDICES
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
OAHP1403
Rev. 9/98
COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY
Architectural Inventory Form
I. IDENTIFICATION
Official eligibility determination
(OAHP use only)
Date Initials
Determined Eligible- NR
Determined Not Eligible- NR
Determined Eligible- SR
Determined Not Eligible- SR
Need Data
Contributes to eligible NR District
Noncontributing to eligible NR District
1. Resource number: 5BL.6881
2. Temporary resource number: N/A
3. County: Boulder
4. City: Boulder
5. Historic building name: Roney Farmhouse
6. Current building name: Roney Farmhouse
7. Building address: 5172 Valmont Road, Boulder CO 80301
8. Owner name and address: City of Boulder, PO Box 791, Boulder CO 80306
II. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
9. P.M. 6th Township 1N Range 70W
NE ¼ of NE ¼ of NW ¼ of NE ¼ of section _28_
10. UTM reference
Zone 1 3 ; 4 8 0 1 2 5 mE 4 4 3 1 0 0 0 mN
11. USGS quad name: Niwot, CO
Year: 1980 Map scale: 7.5' X 15' Attach photo copy of appropriate map section.
12. Lot(s): N/A Block: N/A
Addition: East Boulder Year of Addition: Unknown
13. Boundary Description and Justification: Site 5BL.6881 comprises the former Roney Farmhouse property.
Because the Historic-period property boundaries of the Roney farm are unclear, this boundary was
drawn to encompass the farmhouse and all known structural features. It measures 135 feet east-west ×
160 feet north-south. Site 5BL.6881 is located within Boulder County property parcel 146328000004
(Valmont City Park) and is bounded on the west by a commercial property (parcel 146328000007), on the
north by Valmont Road, and to the east and south by Valmont City Park.
III. Architectural Description
14. Building plan (footprint, shape): Rectangular Plan
15. Dimensions in feet: Length 44 feet north-south x Width 27 feet east-west
16. Number of stories: 1
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
17. Primary external wall material(s): Wood – Horizontal Siding
18. Roof configuration: Pyramidal (main); Hipped (porch); Shed (rear additions)
19. Primary external roof material: Metal
20. Special features: Dormer, porch
21. General architectural description: The Roney Farmhouse comprises a one-story, rectangular plan,
pyramidal-roof farmhouse. The house is clad in white horizontal wood siding, and the roof is covered
with gray metal sheeting. The house faces north towards Valmont Road. The front porch comprises a
concrete floor that extends nearly the length of the north façade, four wood support posts, and a hipped
roof. A single hipped rectangular dormer window with diamond panes overlooks the north façade. Two
rear additions, constructed consecutively one onto the other, feature shed roofs. The north façade
features a central wood door between two boarded wooden double-hung sash windows. A plaque
mounted on the façade to the west of the door gives a brief description of the property’s history and
local landmark status. The east elevation features two boarded windows on the main structure and one
on the first (north) rear addition. The south elevation features a boarded door with a concrete stoop at
the east end, followed by two boarded windows. The west elevation contains one boarded window in
the first addition and two boarded windows in the main structure. A cellar entrance is situated near the
south end of the east elevation.
22. Architectural style/building type: 20th century farmhouse
23. Landscaping or special setting features: 5BL.6881 is located in a lightly developed, formerly agricultural
area. Although dense residential and commercial developments are located less than a quarter-mile
away to the east and west, 5BL.6881 is buffered by the Valmont City Park to the south and east and by
the Valmont Bike Park to the north. These parks have restricted development in the immediate area
surrounding the Roney Farmhouse, preserving a sense of an isolated, pastoral lifestyle.
Several landscaping features are present within 5BL.6881, described below.
Feature 1: Visible along the south elevation and wrapping slightly around the southeast corner of the
residence are the remains of a mixed flagstone and concrete patio. Most of this patio area is in ruins; the
most intact portion is located at the southeast corner of the residence next to a well or cistern (see
Feature 6 in #24 below). The patio area measures approximately 23 feet east-west × 14 feet north-south.
Feature 2: A small concrete stoop on the south elevation leads to a long concrete sidewalk that runs due
south. The sidewalk measures approximately 2 feet wide × 70 feet long.
Feature 3: A linear concrete foundation wall that runs north-south near the east edge of the site boundary may
have been the base or footing for a fence that once surrounded the property. The fence has been removed
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
since it was first recorded (Rice and Gleichman 1997). The remaining concrete foundation wall is flush with the
ground surface and measures 16 inches wide × approximately 100 feet long. The north half of the wall is
heavily overgrown with shrubs.
Feature 4: The remains of a small garden comprising an apple tree and rosebush are located to the
southeast of the house. A small rubble pile comprising three concrete fragments, three red bricks, and
one yellow brick is located under the tree.
Feature 5: A modern paved driveway is located at the northeast corner of 5BL.6881. A modern chain-link
fence with a metal gate crosses the driveway, then runs south along the west elevation of the residence.
24. Associated buildings, features, or objects: There are no outbuildings associated with 5BL.6881; Rice and
Gleichman noted that they had all been removed prior to their recording (Rice and Gleichman 1997).
PaleoWest recorded two objects in association with 5BL.6881.
Feature 6: A well or cistern located at the southeast corner of the house, within the Feature 1 patio area.
The well/cistern comprises and open concrete cylinder measuring 28 inches in diameter with 2-inch-
thick walls. It has been infilled with debris and measured just 4 feet deep at the time of this recording.
Feature 7: A rectangular concrete trough or basin located southeast of Features 1 and 6. This trough
measures 63 inches long × 30 inches wide × 18.5 inches tall and has 6-inch-thick walls. It sits on a
concrete base measuring 6 feet north-south × 58” east-west.
IV. ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY
25. Date of Construction: Estimate: 1911 Actual:
Source of information: Rice and Gleichman 1997 (see full citation in #36)
26. Architect: Unknown
Source of information: N/A
27. Builder/Contractor: Unknown
Source of information: N/A
28. Original owner: James Roney
Source of information: Rice and Gleichman 1997 (see full citation in #36)
29. Construction history (include description and dates of major additions, alterations, or demolitions):
According to the previous site recording, the residence was constructed ca. 1911 (Rice and Gleichman
1997). However, the landmark plaque on the residence states that it was constructed ca. 1910. The
construction dates of the two consecutive rear shed additions are unknown. Likewise, the dates of
construction and subsequent removal of any former outbuildings are unknown.
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
30. Original location X Moved Date of move(s):
V. HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS
31. Original use(s): Domestic – Single Dwelling
32. Intermediate use(s): N/A
33. Current use(s): Vacant/Not In Use
34. Site type(s): Private residence, Agriculture
35. Historical background: Rice and Gleichman 1997 (see full citation in #36) provided a detailed narrative of
5BL.6881; PaleoWest uncovered no additional information. Accordingly, the following is a brief summary.
The land encompassing 5BL.6881 was first patented in 1865 by Joseph S. Fowler under the authority of the
Land Act of 1820 (Bureau of Land Management 2020). That same year the town of Valmont, approximately 1
mile east of 5BL.6881, was platted, and several new farms were established in the vicinity. However, little is
known about Fowler and he did not appear to develop his property. In fact, the land was not farmed until the
early twentieth century when James Roney purchased the property and constructed the house that still
stands today. Several members of the extended Roney family continued to operate a dairy farm in this
location through the 1960s. in 1972, the Roneys sold the farm to Kenneth C. Schneider (Rice and Gleichman
1997).
36. Sources of information:
Boulder County
2020 Boulder County Assessor Property Search Available at: http://maps.boco.solutions/propertysearch/.
Accessed December 16, 2020.
Bureau of Land Management
2020 General Land Office Records. Available at: https://glorecords.blm.gov/. Accessed December 16, 2020.
Rice, Phil and Pete Gleichman
1997 Historical Architectural Building/Structure Form for 5BL.6881. On file at the Office of Archaeology and
Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
VI. SIGNIFICANCE
37. Local landmark designation: Yes X No Date of designation: 11/09/1999
Designating authority: City of Boulder. Landmark No. 99-2, Ordinance No. 7017
38. Applicable National Register Criteria:
A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our
history;
B. Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or
represents the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or represents a
significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory.
Qualifies under Criteria Considerations A through G (see Manual)
X Does not meet any of the above National Register criteria
39. Area(s) of significance: None
40. Period of significance: N/A
41. Level of significance: National State Local
42. Statement of significance: While 5BL.6881 is an early twentieth-century farmhouse, it was constructed 40
to 50 years after the first wave of farmers settled in the Valmont neighborhood. The farm is associated
with agriculture, but the removal of the associated agricultural buildings and structures diminishes that
association, so PaleoWest recommends it not eligible under Criterion A. Likewise, it is not associated
with significant historical persons, so it is not eligible under Criterion B. While the residence is
recognizable as a 20th century farmhouse style structure, it is not a particularly notable example of that
architectural style, and it has been altered by the installation of the metal roof and likely replacement of
the wood porch. Accordingly, we recommend it not eligible under Criterion C. Finally, the property is not
likely to yield important historical information as its information potential has been exhausted by this
and prior recordings, so we recommend it not eligible under Criterion D.
43. Assessment of historic physical integrity related to significance: 5BL.6881 generally retains integrity of
setting and feeling because – with the exception of the small commercial building to the west – the
surrounding area is still undeveloped fields. Likewise, 5BL.6881 generally retains integrity of design,
materials, and workmanship, although these areas have been slightly impacted by the construction of
the rear additions and the installation of a metal roof. Finally, 5BL.6881 retains diminished integrity of
association with agriculture in the Valmont neighborhood.
VII. NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT
44. National Register eligibility field assessment:
Eligible Not Eligible X Need Data
45. Is there National Register district potential? Yes No _X_
Discuss: The paucity of significant, contemporaneous Historic-period resources in the vicinity
precludes the formation of a district.
If there is National Register district potential, is this building: Contributing Noncontributing
46. If the building is in existing National Register district, is it: Contributing Noncontributing
VIII. RECORDING INFORMATION
47. Photograph numbers: 5BL.6881 photographs 1–14
Resource Number: 5BL.6881
Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Negatives filed at: PaleoWest office servers in Lafayette, CO and Phoenix, AZ
48. Report title: N/A
49. Date(s): December 10, 2020
50. Recorder(s): Autumn C. Cool
51. Organization: PaleoWest, LLC
52. Address: 308 E. Simpson Street Suite 102, Lafayette, CO 80026
53. Phone number(s): 303-214-4301
NOTE: Please include a sketch map, a photocopy of the USGS quad map indicating resource location, and
photographs.
History Colorado - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation
1200 Broadway, Denver, CO 80203 (303) 866-3395
Figure 1. Location of 5BL.6881.
Figure 2. 5BL.6881, sketch map.
Figure 3. 5BL.6881, overview of Roney Farmhouse, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 4. 5BL.6881, overview from field, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 5. 5BL.6881, north façade, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 6. 5BL.6881, east elevation and north façade, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 7. 5BL.6881, south and east elevations with Feature 7 trough at lower left, facing
northwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 8. 5BL.6881, south elevation, Feature 2 sidewalk at lower right, facing north. A. Cool,
12/10/2020.
Figure 9. 5BL.6881, west and south elevations, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 10. 5BL.6881, north façade and west elevation, facing southeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 11. 5BL.6881, detail of plaque on north façade, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 12. 5BL.6881, Feature 1 patio and Feature 6 well/cistern, facing northwest. A. Cool,
12/10/2020.
Figure 13. 5BL.6881, Feature 1 patio and Feature 7 trough, facing east. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 14. 5BL.6881, Feature 3 foundation wall, facing north. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 15. 5BL.6881, Feature 3 foundation wall and Feature 4 garden area with rubble, facing
south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 16. 5BL.6881, Feature 4 garden area with rubble, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
(Page 1 of 4)
COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1400
Management Data Form Rev. 11/10
A Management Data Form should be completed for each cultural resource recorded during an archaeological survey.
Isolated finds and revisits are the exception and they do not require a Management Data Form. Please attach the
appropriate component forms and use continuation pages if necessary. Fields can be expanded or compressed as
necessary.
1. Resource Number: 5BL.7094 2. Temporary Resource Number: N/A
3. Attachments (check as many as apply) 4. Official determination (OAHP use only)
Prehistoric Archaeological Component Determined Eligible NR\SR
Historic Archaeological Component Determined Not Eligible NR\SR
Linear Component Nominated
Sketch/Instrument Map (required) Need Data NR\SR
U.S.G.S. Map Photocopy (required) Contributing to NR Dist.\SR Dist.
Photograph(s) (required) Not Contributing to NR Dist.\SR Dist.
Other, specify: Supports overall linear eligibility NR\SR
Does not support overall linear eligibility NR\SR
I. IDENTIFICATION
5. Resource Name: Boyd Smelter/Mill Site
6. Project Name/Number: Boulder Historic Places Plan
7. Government Involvement: Local State Federal
Agency: City of Boulder
8. Site Categories (check as many as apply):
Prehistoric: archaeological site paleontological site In existing National Register District
National Register District name:
Historic: archaeology site building(s) structure(s) object(s) In existing National Register District
National Register District name:
9. Owner(s) Name and Address: City of Boulder, PO Box 791, Boulder CO 80306
10. Boundary Description and Justification: The site boundary was drawn to encompass all associated features as
previously determined by Jack E. Smith of Historic Boulder, Inc., plus an approximately 10-meter buffer on all sides.
11. Site/Property Dimensions Length: 275 m Width: 98m Area: 11,427m2 Acres (m2/4047): 2.82
Area was calculated as: Length x Width (rectangle/square) Length x Width x 0.785 (Ellipse) GIS
II. LOCATION
12. Legal Location
PM 6th Township 1N Range 71W Section 36 NE ¼ NW ¼
PM 6th Township 1N Range 71W Section 36 NW ¼ NE ¼
If section is irregular, explain alignment method:
13. USGS Quad: Boulder, CO 14. County: Boulder
15. UTM Coordinates: Datum used NAD
27 NAD 83 WGS 84 Other:
A. Zone 13; 475170 mE 4429360 mN
16. UTM Source: Corrected GPS/rectified survey (<5m error) Uncorrected GPS Map template
Other (explain):
17. Site elevation (feet): 5,380
Management Data Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
(Page 2 of 4)
18. Address: N/A Lot: Block: Addition:
19. Location/Access: The site is located along Boulder Creek in Boulder between Canyon Boulevard to the north,
Boulder Municipal Court (1777 6th Street) to the east, Arapahoe Avenue to the south, and Eben G. Fine Park (101
Arapahoe Avenue) to the west.
III. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT/SITE CONDITION
20. General Description (should include both on site as well as geographical setting with aspect, landforms, vegetation,
soils, depositional environment, water, ground visibility): 5BL.7094 is located along Boulder Creek in the west portion
of Boulder. Boulder creek flows west to east between eroded cut banks that face north and south and measure
between 4–15 feet high. Sunshine Creek also passes through the site, flowing north to south into Boulder Creek.
Most of the site components are located on the north side of Boulder Creek, where the ground has a mild (1–3
degree) s outh-southeast aspect. The ground slope on both sides of the creek channel averages 15 degrees. A small
portion of the site extends to the south bank of the creek. Vegetation comprises mixed tall grasses and forbs,
chokecherry, cottonwood, willow, locust, maple, and pine. Ground surface visibility averages 55 percent.
21. Soil depth (cm) and description: Soils appear on the surface as a strong brown sandy loam with abundant cobbles.
A soil test was not conducted to avoid inadvertently impacting buried features and because site is located in a public park.
22. Condition
a. Architectural/Structural b. Archaeological/Paleontological
Excellent Undisturbed
Good Light disturbance
Fair Moderate disturbance
Deteriorated Heavy disturbance
Ruin Total disturbance
23. Describe condition: All buildings have been removed and few artifacts are visible on the surface. Some remaining
features have been intentionally buried or backfilled; their current condition is unknown. The most intact, visible features
are the water line support footings and the headwall, which appear structurally sound but have been vandalized.
24. Vandalism: Yes No
Describe: Spray paint on water line support footings footings and headwall.
IV. NATIONAL/STATE REGISTER ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT
25. Context or Theme: Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-century Hardrock Mining in Boulder County (Telluride Gold
Boom; Tungsten Boom)
26. Applicable National Register Criteria:
A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history
B. Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past
C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work
of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity
whose components may lack individual distinction
D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory
Does not meet any of the National Register criteria
Qualifies under exceptions A through G. List exception(s):
27. Applicable State Register Criteria:
A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to history
B. Property is connected with persons significant in history
C. Property has distinctive characteristics of a type, period, method of construction or artisan
D. Property is of geographic importance
E. Property contains the possibility of important discoveries related to prehistory or history
Does not meet any of the State Register criteria
28. Area(s) of significance: Industry – Mining; Archaeology – Historic – Non-aboriginal
29. Period(s) of significance: ca. 1874–1885; 1905–1918
Management Data Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
(Page 3 of 4)
30. Level of significance: National State Local
31. Statement of significance: Site 5BL.7094 is recommended not eligible under Criterion A as it retains only
diminished integrity of association with the telluride and tungsten mining booms of Boulder County. Additionally, it is not
associated with persons significant in history, so it is not eligible under Criterion B. Because it no longer retains most
aspects of physical integrity, it is also not eligible under Criterion C. 5BL.7094 needs additional testing at the site to
determine presence, location, frequency, and condition of subsurface cultural materials, therefore it needs data to
evaluate its eligibility under Criterion D.
32. Statement of historic integrity related to significance: Site 5BL.7094 has reduced integrity of location, design,
materials and workmanship as the buildings and most of the structures have been removed. The site also has diminished
integrity of association with the telluride and tungsten mining booms of Boulder County as only topographic features
associated with the smelting and milling operations and some remnant features remain. The site also has reduced
integrity of setting and feeling because the surrounding area has been developed into a residential and commercial
neighborhood.
33. National Register Eligibility Field Assessment: Eligible Not eligible Need data
Linear Segment Evaluation (if applicable): Supporting Non Supporting
34. Status in an Existing National Register District: Contributing Non-contributing
35. State Register Eligibility Field Assessment: Eligible Not eligible Need data
36. Status in an Existing State Register District: Contributing Non-contributing
37. National/State Register District Potential: Yes No Describe: The paucity of significant, intact sites related
to mining or mineral processing in the vicinity precludes the formation of a historic district.
38. Cultural Landscape Potential: Yes No Describe: The site comprises the majority of the known site
associated with historic smelting and milling operations on Boulder Creek and retains sufficient contributing landscape
characteristics to be characterized as a cultural landscape.
39. If Yes to either 37 or 38, is this site: Contributing Non-contributing Explain: The site retains sufficient
contributing landscape characteristics to contribute to the cultural landscape.
V. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
40.Threats to Resource: Water erosion Wind erosion Grazing Neglect Vandalism
Recreation Construction Other (explain):
41. Existing protection None Marked Fenced Patrolled Access controlled
Other (specify):
Comments: Most of the site is located within a public park; features on the south bank are surrounded by private
property and more difficult to access.
42. Local landmark designation:
Yes, City of Boulder.
Designated August 4, 1998
(Landmark No. 98-2;
Ordinance No. 6003)
43. Easement: None
44. Recorder’s Management Recommendations: PaleoWest recommends additional testing at the site to determine
presence, location, frequency, and condition of subsurface cultural materials. We recommend that remaining structural
features should be protected with a buffer to prevent impact by future landscaping and/or construction activities, and
features located along Boulder Creek should be reinforced against erosion and potential future flood events. In addition,
PaleoWest recommends that a property survey should be conducted to determine if the water line footings on the south
side of Boulder Creek are on city or private property. If they are on city property, they should be protected with a fence. If
they are on private property, the city should attempt to acquire a conservation easement for these structures. Finally,
PaleoWest recommends that the city should install additional interpretive signs to place the history of the Boyd
Smelter/Mill Site in context with the history of telluride and tungsten mining in Boulder County.
VI. DOCUMENTATION
45. Previous actions accomplished at the site: Tested Partial excavation Complete excavation
Management Data Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
(Page 4 of 4)
Date(s):
a. Excavations:
b. Stabilization: Date(s):
c. HABS/HAER documentation [date(s) and numbers]:
d. Other:
46. Known collections/reports/interviews and other references (list):
Gladden, Sanford Charles
1982 Early Days of Boulder, Colorado, Vol II. Boulder Genealogical Society, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 670–672.
Smith, Jack E.
1997 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Management Data Form and Historical Archaeology Component Form for
5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
1998 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On
file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
Twitty, Eric
2007 Amendment to Metal Mining and Tourist Era Resources of Boulder County Multiple Property Listing. Mountain
States Historical, Boulder, Colorado.
47. Primary location of additional data: Colorado Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver.
48. State or Federal Permit number: State of Colorado Archaeological Permit No. 77512
49. Collection: Artifact collection authorized: Yes No Were artifacts collected: Yes No
Artifact repository:
Collection method: Diagnostics Grab Sample Random Sample
Other (specify):
50. Photograph Numbers: 5BL.7094 Photographs 1–43
Files or negatives stored at: PaleoWest officer servers in Lafayette, CO and Phoenix, AZ
51. Report title: N/A
52. Recorder(s): Autumn C. Cool Date: December 10, 2020
53. Recorder affiliation: PaleoWest, LLC
Phone number/Email: 360-440-7202 / acool@paleowest.com
NOTE: Please attach a site map, a photocopy of the USGS 1:24000 map indicating resource location, and photographs.
History Colorado - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation
1200 Broadway, Denver, CO 80203
303-866-3395
Page 1 of 8
COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP 1402
Historic Archaeology Component Form Rev. 11/10
1. Resource Number: 5BL.7094 2. Temporary Resource Number: N/A
3. Site Name: Boyd Smelter/Mill Site
4. Does this form pertain to the site in general? Yes No
If no, please supply a feature/structure number or name:
5. Site, Component or Feature Type: Smelter, Mill
6. Narrative History (based on archival research, expand as necessary): The Boyd Smelter was constructed in
response to the Telluride Boom (1872–1880) in the nearby Gold Hill Mining District. Telluride gold, a compound
comprised of gold, sulphur, and tellurium, is very rare in most parts of the world, but abundant in Boulder County.
Because telluride gold generally cannot be visually identified, it had been overlooked during the first gold rush of
the 1860s. The mineral was not identified until 1872, when Boulder assayer J. Alden Smith confirmed its presence.
In the rush that followed, several smelters were constructed to treat the ore and separate the gold from the waste
(Twitty 2007).
Mr. J.H. Boyd of Chicago, Illinois, purchased property to build a smelter in 1873. Boyd arrived in Boulder that
November to finalize his plans, and construction of the smelter began in the spring of 1874. A Boulder County
News article from July 3, 1874 noted that “Mr. Boyd has six acres of ground for the accommodation of his business.
The present building is 52 x 90 feet, but will be enlarged to meet the wants of the busines” (Gladden 1982). The
smelter began treating ore in 1876. Its location at the mouth of Boulder Canyon helped reduce the cost of
transporting raw ore from the mines, one of the primary challenges of the telluride gold industry (Twitty 2007).
Boyd, A.J. Bean, and Corydon Sanborn organized the Cash Gold & Silver Mining Company in 1875 to work the
Cash mine, located in the Gold Hill Mining District. Boyd invested in this mining company to ensure a steady supply
of ore for his Boulder smelter and mill (Twitty 2007). In 1876, a news article reported that the smelter was regularly
processing 15 tons a day; approximately six tons of gold and silver and nine tons of iron and lime (Gladden 1982).
The Telluride Boom ended in 1880, giving way to a period of consolidation and industrialization of the local mining
industry by a few large corporations (Twitty 2007). Boyd put his Boulder smelter up for sale circa 1883. On April 29,
1885, the Boulder County Herald reported that the smelter had been purchased by Mr. John E. Lord of Chicago
(Gladden 1982). Boyd himself moved on to construct and operate a new facility, the Cash Mill, in Summerville
(Twitty 2007).
PaleoWest found little information regarding operations at the Boyd Smelter between circa 1885–1905. An 1886
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map states “Not in operation” next to the mill (Sanborn Fire Insurance Company 1886).
While the 1895 map had no such commentary, the 1900 map reads “(CLOSED) Not in good condition” (Sanborn
Fire Insurance Company 1895, 1900).
The Boyd Smelter found renewed purpose as the Boulder Tungsten District developed. In 1900, Samuel
Conger identified tungsten ore near Nederland. At the same time, engineers around the world were developing the
first tungsten-based steel alloys. Together, these factors resulted in the first tungsten mining boom in Boulder
County. In 1905, the Colorado Tungsten Corporation bought and refitted the Boyd Smelter with a mill to treat
tungsten. However, a 1907 national recession forced the Colorado Tungsten Corporation to sell its assets and
close the Boyd Smelter and Mill in 1908 (Twitty 2007).
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, increased demand for steel led to a revitalization of the tungsten industry
in Boulder County. In 1916, brothers N.G., A.G., and J.A. McKenna established the Vanadium Alloy Steel
Corporation, also known as Vasco. They purchased the Boyd Smelter and Mill and began to operate it once again.
However, this second tungsten boom was short lived. The 1918 influenza pandemic hit the district hard, and many
mining operations were shut down. In addition, the armistice agreement in November 1918 brought an end to
weapons manufacturing, and the discovery of tungsten deposits in China – where the labor force was plentiful and
cheap – led to a sudden and drastic decline in the value of American tungsten (Twitty 2007). Accordingly, the
tungsten boom ended and with it, the Boyd Smelter/Mill Site closed.
The Boyd Smelter/Mill Site operated until circa 1918. No part of the mill or smelter is shown on a 1922 map
(Sanborn Map Company 1922). Most of the mill machinery and buildings were dismantled and removed shortly
after it closed; however, several stone and concrete structures remained in place through the 1950s. Most
remaining features were buried or destroyed circa the late 1960s or early 1970s when the area was landscaped to
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 2 of 8
accommodate the new Boulder Creek Corridor, Boulder County Justice Center, and road construction (Smith
1997).
The Boyd Smelter and Mill site was first documented as an archaeological site by Jack. E. Smith in 1997. Smith, a
retired archaeologist and Boulder native, combined extensive archival research with his own personal memories of
exploring the smelter ruins prior to their removal circa 1960s–1970s (Smith 1997). The smelter/mill was designated
as a local historic landmark by the City of Boulder on August 4, 1998 (Landmark No. 98-2; Ordinance No. 6003).
Gladden, Sanford Charles
1982 Early Days of Boulder, Colorado, Vol II. Boulder Genealogical Society, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 670–672.
Sanborn Map Company
1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. July 1886. Map. Available at:
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4314bm.g009581886.
1895 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. September 1895. Map. Available at:
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4314bm.g009581895.
1900 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. November 1900. Map. Available at:
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4314bm.g009581900.
1922 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. February 1922. Map. Available at:
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4314bm.g009581922.
Smith, Jack E.
1997 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Management Data Form and Historical Archaeology Component Form
for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver,
Colorado.
1998 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc.
On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
Twitty, Eric
2007 Amendment to Metal Mining and Tourist Era Resources of Boulder County Multiple Property Listing.
Mountain States Historical, Boulder, Colorado.
7. Is this site located in a NRHP historic landscape? Yes No; If yes, please describe:
8. Component or Feature Description (expand as necessary): The Boyd Smelter site was first documented as
an archaeological site by Jack. E. Smith in 1997. He updated the site with additional features and details in 1998.
PaleoWest revisited the Boyd Smelter site in December 2020, documenting nine features (F1–F9). Because
previous site recordings did not use consistent feature numbers or map references, only Features 1 and 2
correspond with previous numbering systems.
Feature 1: Railroad bridge foundation stones/retaining wall. Located on the south bank of Boulder Creek, F1
comprises a two-course limestone block wall built into the cut bank. This feature doubled as a retaining wall and
support structure for the Switzerland Trail railroad (Smith 1998). After this feature was first documented in 1998
(Smith), a modern concrete block retaining wall extension was constructed on top of the west end of F1. In addition,
remnants of the north support that Smith observed “scattered along Boulder Creek” are no longer present. Because
this feature is bounded by Boulder Creek to the north and private property parcels to the east, south, and west,
PaleoWest was unable to access the structure to take detailed measurements. We estimate that the Historic-period
portions of F1 measure approximately 30 feet long × 5 feet tall.
Two artifacts were found in association with F1. A fragment of a railroad tie and a rail segment embedded along the
north bank appear to have been repurposed for erosion control. The rail tie measures 2 inches wide × 3.75 inches
tall × 14 feet long.
Feature 2: Group of three water line support footings or pylons arranged in a north-south line. This water line was
not directly related to the operation of the Boyd Smelter/Mill; rather, F2 comprised part of the city water line. One
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 3 of 8
footing is located on the north bank of Boulder Creek and two footings are located on the south bank. The north
footing (previously recorded as Feature 2 Tower 1 [Smith 1998]) is primarily constructed of mortared sandstone
blocks with some granite cobbles. In contrast, the two footings on the south bank (previously recorded as Feature 2
Towers 2 and 3 [Smith 1998]) are primarily constructed of mortared cobbles.
The north footing measures approximately 88 inches tall (above ground level) on its north elevation, which is built
into the creek bank, and 126 inches tall on its south elevation, where Boulder Creek has slightly undercut the
structure. The north footing is made of two distinct, stacked sections. The bottom section comprises 7–11 irregular
courses of large sandstone slabs. It measures approximately 73 inches tall on the south elevati on and 45 inches
tall on the north elevation. It measures approximately 68 inches north-south × 94 inches east-west at the base and
80 inches north-south × 60 inches east-west at the top of the section. The top section of the comprises 9–10
irregular courses of smaller sandstone blocks and measures 53 inches tall. The top section is flush with the bottom
section on the north, east, and west elevations, but set back by approximately 15 inches on the south elevation,
creating a south-facing “shelf.” A rectangular opening centered in the base of the top section extends a portion of
this shelf through to the north elevation. The opening measures 34 inches wide north-south × 19 inches tall × 30
inches deep. Two long, approximately 4-inch-thick sandstone slabs span this opening, supporting the
superstructure. The rounded top of the structure measures approximately 62 inches north-south 22 inches east-
west. A 4-inch-diameter pipe attached with a thick layer of concrete runs lengthwise across the very top of the north
footing.
A pair of riveted iron girders is laid horizontally between the north footing and a steep bank to the north. The south
ends of the girders rest in the rectangular opening in the north footing, while the north ends of the girders are buried
in the hillslope. Each girder measures 5.25 inches wide × 10 inches tall × approximately 25 feet long, and they are
spaced 17.5 inches apart. Several lengths of the 1-inch-diameter wire cables are scattered on the ground below the
girders, partially buried. At the north end of the girders, a 1.125-inch-diameter metal rod protrudes vertically from
the ground. The upper end is twisted into a closed, welded loop and the base screws into a separate metal ring.
PaleoWest was unable to access the two south footings because they are bounded by Boulder Creek to the north
and private property parcels to the east, south, and west. However, the south footings were previously recorded in
detail by Smith (1998). From PaleoWest’s vantage point on the north bank, these footings appear largely
unchanged from that previous documentation. However, the adjacent private prope rty owners appear to use the
area for recreation, judging by the presence of outdoor furniture next to, between, and leaning against these
structures. In addition, the northernmost of the two south footings has been slightly undercut by Boulder Creek on
its north elevation.
Feature 3: Feature 3, located at the east end of 5BL.7094, comprises two low mounds connected via a long, low
berm. The east mound is located north of F1. It is irregularly shaped with maximum dimensions of approximately 48
feet northwest-southeast × 26 feet southwest-northeast × 2 feet high. Several large boulders have been placed
randomly on top of it, and a modern interpretive sign has been installed to the northwest of it. The west mound is
located no rth of F2. It measures approximately 80 feet east-west × 110 feet north-south × 4–5 feet tall. The
connecting berm runs east-west between the south sides of the two mounds, tracing the north edge of a modern
dirt walking trail. It measures approximately 90 feet long × 20 feet wide × 1 foot tall. Together, the two mounds and
connecting berm form a crescent shape open to the north that measures 210 feet east-west × 115 feet north-south.
F3 roughly outlines the former location of the main smelter building (Smith 1997, 1998). While some portions of F3
were likely formed in modern times during construction of the adjacent walking and biking trails and municipal court
buildings, it likely also contains historical materials. A short segment of concrete wall located near the northeast
edge of the east mound was exposed during construction of the Boulder Creek Path (Smith 1997). The wall was
subsequently reburied and may still be located below the mound; PaleoWest did not relocate it.
One artifact was found in association with F3: a single red brick found on the west mound measuring 7.5 × 4.25 ×
2.75 inches.
Feature 4: Feature 4 comprises an exposed concrete wall located near the west edge of the F3 west mound. The
wall is oriented north-south. Most of the wall is buried within the F3 west mound; only the top of the wall is visible,
flush with the ground surface. It measures 1 foot wide × 14 feet long. F4 is likely a foundation wall of the former
smelter building.
Feature 5: Feature 5 comprises a pair of large granite boulders located on the south side of the F3 west mound
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 4 of 8
and due south of the F4 wall. Two metal loops have been mounted to the east boulder by inserting their ends into
drilled holes and then filling the holes with cement. The loops are made with 0.75-inch-diamater hammered iron that
has been twisted into loops measuring approximately 3 × 4 inches. The west boulder bears a modern plaque
designating the Boyd Smelter Site as a historic landmark.
Feature 6: Feature 6 comprises a small area of exposed concrete located between F3 and F7. F6 measures
approximately 16 inches east-west × 11 inches north-south. The concrete extends into the surrounding ground
surface, so the full extent of the concrete is undetermined. This feature is located at the east end of the east
retaining pond as recorded by Smith (1997, 1998). It may be a portion of the original dam and/or headgat e.
Feature 7: Feature 7 comprises a small depression located near the center of 5BL.7094. This irregularly shaped
feature has maximum dimensions of approximately 50 feet east-west × 60 feet north-south × 2 feet deep. F7 is
located near the center of the former east retaining pond (Smith 1997, 1998).
While Smith (1997, 1998) described berms tracing the north and south sides of both former retaining ponds, no
berms are currently visible in the vicinity of the east retaining pond. The berms were likely destroyed by grading
during construction of the adjacent walking and biking trails, which overlap the locations of the former berms.
Feature 8: Feature 8 comprises an earthen berm located in the west half of 5BL.7094, between Boulder Creek to
the south, F9 to the west, a dirt walking trail to the north, and Sunshine Creek to the east. This irregular berm
measures approximately 234 feet long overall. It is broken into three sections measuring (from east to west) 49, 88,
and 40 feet long. Each berm segment varies in height and width, averaging 6 feet wide at the base × 3 feet tall.
This berm once formed the south retaining wall of the west retaining pond (Smith 1997, 1998). However, F8 was
likely modified in recent years during construction of the adjacent walking trails and the catastrophic flood of
September 2013. In addition, PaleoWest did not identify the parallel berm formerly located on the north side of the
west retaining pond (Smith 1997, 1998); any such feature was likely destroyed during the construction of the
Boulder Creek Path.
Feature 9: Feature 9 comprises a headgate and concrete headwall. Located at the far west end of 5BL.7094, F9
once diverted water from Boulder Creek into the west retaining pond. The feature is oriented south-southeast to
north-northwest and measures 30 feet long overall. The concrete headwall is constructed of poured concrete
reinforced with 1-inch-square metal rebar, with some large cobbles visible in the concrete at the base of the wall. It
measures 13 inches thick and is d ivided into two sections by the central headgate. The southern section of
headwall measures approximately 11 feet 9 inches long × 4 feet 6 inches tall. The base of the southern tip of the
wall has been cut out to overlap a large boulder. The visible potion of the north section of wall, which is largely
buried in the creek bank, measures 6 feet long.
Between the two sections of concrete headwall is the headgate opening. Iron brackets fastened to the headwalls on
either side of this opening would have stabilized a wooden headgate or slide gate that could be lowered or raised
as needed to adjust the flow of water through the gate. The brackets are spaced 3.25 inches apart. Two degraded
fragments of 7 × 1.5-inch lumber are fixed to the concrete headwalls on either side of the gate wi th large bolts.
Three of the bolts have large washers embossed with “MALLEABLE PAT. MAY 10 & DEV 13.04 1 IN-30.”
References:
Smith, Jack E.
1997 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Management Data Form and Historical Archaeology Component Form
for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver,
Colorado.
1998 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc.
On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
9. Historic Component Date(s): 1874–1918
Justification and Sources Consulted: Construction of the smelter commenced in early 1874 (Gladden 1982). It
operated intermittently until circa 1918.
Gladden, Sanford Charles
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 5 of 8
1982 Early Days of Boulder, Colorado, Vol II. Boulder Genealogical Society, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 670–672.
Smith, Jack E.
1997 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Management Data Form and Historical Archaeology Component Form
for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver,
Colorado.
1998 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc.
On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
10. Component Function(s):
Original Use: Smelter
Present Use: Abandoned
11. Ethnic affiliation of occupants: Euro-American
Justification and Sources Consulted:
Gladden, Sanford Charles
1982 Early Days of Boulder, Colorado, Vol II. Boulder Genealogical Society, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 670–672.
12. Historic Boundary Description: Site boundary previously determined by Jack E. Smith of Historic Boulder,
Inc., based on the visible extent of features and artifacts in addition to historical maps.
Justification and Sources Consulted:
Smith, Jack E.
1997 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Management Data Form and Historical Archaeology Component Form
for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc. On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver,
Colorado.
1998 Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form for 5BL.7094. Historic Boulder, Inc.
On file at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, Colorado.
13. NRHP Area of Significance: Industry – Mining; Archaeology – Historic – Non-aboriginal
Justification and Sources Consulted:
Twitty, Eric
2007 Amendment to Metal Mining and Tourist Era Resources of Boulder County Multiple Property
Listing. Mountain States Historical, Boulder, Colorado.
14. NRHP Period of Significance: ca. 1874–1885; 1905–1918
Justification and Sources Consulted: These two date ranges represent the years that the smelter/mill was
active during the telluride and tungsten mining booms
Gladden, Sanford Charles
1982 Early Days of Boulder, Colorado, Vol II. Boulder Genealogical Society, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 670–672.
Twitty, Eric
2007 Amendment to Metal Mining and Tourist Era Resources of Boulder County Multiple Property
Listing. Mountain States Historical, Boulder, Colorado.
15. Site, Component, or Feature Theme (use the Historic Archaeology Lexicon): Industry – Mining and Mineral
Processing, Smelting
16. Does this component or feature support the NRHP eligibility of the entire resource?
Yes No Undetermined N/A
Justification:
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 6 of 8
17. Recorder(s): Autumn C. Cool 18. Date: December 10, 2020
19. Presence and Quantity of Artifacts (add types as necessary)
a. Vessel Glass Quantity e. Cans Quantity
Amber (1860s-present) Beverage: all aluminum (post-1970)
Amethyst (pre-1920) Beverage: aluminum ends (post-1953)
Aqua (ca. 1870-1920s) Beverage: cone-top (1935-1960)
Cobalt Beverage: flat top, all-steel (1935-1970s)
Colorless (ca. 1920s-present) Beverage: pull tab (1962-1983)
Light green (1860s-present) Beverage: UPC code (post-1980)
Milk/White (1890s-present) Hole-in-cap: double-locked side seam (1890-1915)
Olive green (early 1860s) Hole-in-cap: lapped side seam (ca. 1880s-1900)
Yellowish (1918-1950s) Round quart motor oil: all metal (1933-1970s)
Round quart motor oil: paper-sided (late 1940s-late 1980s)
Sanitary can (1904 +)
Sanitary ends, lapped side seam (1904+; very rare)
Sardine tin: lapped and soldered (pre-1910)
b. Ceramics Quantity Sardine tin: one piece bottom (early 1900s +)
Earthenware Tobacco tin: complex friction lid (post 1948)
Porcelain Tobacco tin: simple friction lid (1907-1948)
Refined Earthenware Tobacco tin: upright pocket (late 1890s-1988)
Stoneware Tobacco tin: hinged lid (ca. 1910-present)
Vent hole (hole-in-top) (1900-1980s)
Vent hole with two solder dots (hole-in-top) (1890s-early 1900s)
c. Nails Quantity
Hand-made cut (wrought)
Machine-made cut
Railroad Spike f. Structural Artifacts Quantity
Wire Adobe
Brick, common 1
d. Industrial Artifacts Quantity Brick, fire
55-gallon drum Concrete: natural lime (pre-1915)
Animal shoe Concrete: Portland (post-1910)
Automobile/Truck Part Corrugated sheet iron (post-1890)
Bailing wire Dimensional lumber
Barbed wire Fieldstone
Barrel hoop Hinge
Bracket Log: hewn
Bucket Log: peeled
Cable/Wire rope 2 Log: raw
Cartridge: centerfire Sheet iron
Cartridge: rimfire Stovepipe
Cartridge: pin fire Tarpaper
Cartridge: shotgun shell Timber bolt
Clinker Timber spike
Coal Window glass: aqua (pre-1920)
Electric light fixture Window glass: colorless
Electrical wire Window glass: yellowish tint (1918-1950s)
Forge-cut iron scrap
Horse tack/harness
Iron scrap: cut sheet metal
Iron scrap: forge-cut
Lag bolt g. Domestic Artifacts Quantity
Machine bolt Beads
Machine part Bed frame/springs
Mine rail Buttons
Nut: hex Clothing
Nut: jamb Cookware
Pipe Doll head
Railroad rail 1 Stove/parts (cast iron/tin)
Railroad tie 1
Wagon parts
Washer
20. Total assemblage size: 5 Or estimate: 0-10 11-100 101-1000 1001-10,000 >10,000
21. Artifact density: High Medium Low Describe: PaleoWest identified just five plausible Historic-period
artifacts: a red brick, wire cable, and a segment of railroad rail and tie. While additional glass and concrete fragments
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 7 of 8
are sparsely scattered around the site, these are not temporally diagnostic and could be related to modern road and trail
construction or use of the Boulder Creek Path.
22. Unique Artifact Descriptions. Particularly important attributes are listed following the artifact class and
standardized terminology can be found in the Appendix to the instructions. Expand or contract tables as necessary.
All of these items should be included in the counts of the Artifact table above.
a. Glass: type, function, color, bottle part, manufacturing method, vessel style/contents, embossing/marking, dimensions, worked or modified?
b. Ceramics: type, function, surface treatment/glaze, color, shape, trademarks, decorations, dimensions.
c. Nails: type, function, dimensions.
d. Industrial: type, function, manufacturing method, marking, dimensions.
e. Cans: material type, side-seam, opening, vessel style/contents, embossing/marking, dimensions.
f. Structural: type, function, manufacturing method, marking, dimensions.
g. Domestic: type, function, manufacturing method, marking, dimensions.
h. Other/miscellaneous: type, function, manufacturing method, marking, dimensions.
23. Are standing structures present on the site? Yes No
If yes, please complete Architectural Inventory Form(s)(1403)
24. Feature Descriptions Include a site map, to scale, with each feature listed below depicted on it. Please use the
Historic Archaeology Lexicon for feature types. Insert rows and feature types into table as necessary. If desired,
sort table by feature number.
Feature Type (add
others as necessary)
Feature
Number/Name
Dimensions
(feet / inches) Description
Retaining wall F1 Estimated 30 ft
long × 5 ft tall
Retaining wall located on south side of Boulder
Creek, inaccessible due to location bounded by
private property. Constructed of large limestone
blocks.
Footing (group) F2
North footing
maximum:
68 in north-south
× 94 in east-west
88 in tall
Set of three stone water line footings or support
pylons. Only the north footing was accessible for
detailed documentation; the remaining two footing
are on the south side of Boulder Creek and
bounded by private property.
Mound/berm (group) F3
210 ft east-west ×
115 ft north-south
× 5 ft tall
Two irregular mounds connected by a low berm, all
located in vicinity of former smelter building
Wall F4 1 ft wide × 14 ft
long
Exposed concrete wall, possibly part of smelter
building. Flush with ground surface.
Modified boulders F5 Rings: 3 × 4 in Boulder with Historic-period rings and boulder with
modern plaque
Wall F6 16 in east-west ×
11 in north-south
Small area of exposed concrete in vicinity of former
east retaining pond, possibly part of dam
Depression F7
50 ft east-west ×
60 ft north-south ×
2 ft deep
Irregular depression located within former east
retaining pong
Berm F8 234 ft long × 6 ft
wide × 3 ft tall
Broken, irregular earthen berm forming south
boundary of former west retaining pond
Headgate F9 30 ft long × 13 in
thick × 4 ft 6 in tall Concrete headwall and former headgate
25. Potential for Additional Archaeological Information
Historic Archaeology Component Form
Resource Number: 5BL.7094 Temporary Resource Number: N/A
Page 8 of 8
Is there potential for additional information? Yes No Unknown If yes or unknown describe below.
Potential Within: Describe
a. Subsurface deposits
within a structural feature
As documented by Smith (1997, 1998), at least one section of concrete wall is likely
buried below the F3 east mound. PaleoWest’s documentation of partially-buried
features F4 and F6 provides further support that additional features and artifacts may be
present below the ground surface.
b. Subsurface deposits
outside a structural
feature
c. Trash area
d. Privy pits
e. Other
History Colorado - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation
1200 Broadway, Suite 400, Denver, CO 80203
303-866-3395
Figure 1. Location of site 5BL.7094.
Figure 2. 5BL.7094, sketch map.
Figure 3. 5BL7094, overview from southeast end with Feature 1 on left, facing west. A. Cool,
12/10/2020.
Figure 4. 5BL7094, overview from northeast end, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 5. 5BL7094, overview from west end, facing east. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 6. 5BL7094, Feature 1, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 7. 5BL7094, Feature 1, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 8. 5BL7094, exposed rail and tie on north bank near Feature 1, facing north. A. Cool,
12/10/2020.
Figure 9. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 10. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing detail, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 11. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing, facing southeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 12. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 13. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing detail, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 14. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing and girders, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 15. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing and girders, facing southwest. A. Cool,
12/10/2020.
Figure 16. 5BL7094, Feature 2 north footing and girders, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 17. 5BL7094, Feature 2 metal rod by girders, facing north. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 18. 5BL7094, Feature 2 south footings, facing southwest. A. Cool, 1/14/2021.
Figure 19. 5BL7094, Feature 2 south footings, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 20. 5BL7094, Feature 2 south footings, facing southeast. A. Cool, 1/14/2021.
Figure 21. 5BL7094, Feature 3 east mound, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 22. 5BL7094, Feature 3 west mound, facing southwest. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 23. 5BL7094, Feature 3, facing southeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 24. 5BL7094, Feature 3 red brick, plan view. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 25. 5BL7094, interpretive sign near Feature 3, plan view. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 26. 5BL7094, Feature 4 exposed wall, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 27. 5BL7094, Feature 4 exposed wall, facing south. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 28. 5BL7094, Feature 5 boulders, facing north. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 29. 5BL7094, Feature 5, detail of loops on boulder, plan view. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 30. 5BL7094, Feature 5, detail of plaque on boulder, plan view. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 31. 5BL7094, Feature 6 (foreground) and Feature 7 (background), facing southwest. A.
Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 32. 5BL7094, Feature 6 exposed concrete, in plan view. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 33. 5BL7094, Feature 7 depression, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 34. 5BL7094, former location of east retaining pond, including Feature 7, facing east. A.
Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 35. 5BL7094, former location of west retaining pond, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 36. 5BL7094, former location of west retaining pond, facing east. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 37. 5BL7094, Feature 8, east segment, facing southwest. A. Cool, 1/14/2021.
Figure 38. 5BL7094, Feature 8, center segment, facing southeast. A. Cool, 1/14/2021.
Figure 39. 5BL7094, Feature 8, west segment, facing southeast. A. Cool, 1/14/2021.
Figure 40. 5BL7094, Feature 9, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 41. 5BL7094, Feature 9, facing north. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 42. 5BL7094, Feature 9, facing west. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 43. 5BL7094, Feature 9 detail, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 44. 5BL7094, Feature 9 detail, facing east. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.
Figure 45. 5BL7094, Feature 9 detail, facing northeast. A. Cool, 12/10/2020.