10.14.24 TAB Agenda 5 Snow & Ice Response Annual UpdateC I T Y O F B O U L D E R
TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY BOARD
AGENDA ITEM
MEETING DATE: Oct. 14, 2024
AGENDA TITLE: Snow and Ice Response: Annual Update and Review Project –
Operationalizing Recommendations for the 2024/2025 Winter Season
STAFF:
Valerie Watson, Interim Director of Transportation & Mobility
Scott Schlecht, Transportation Maintenance Manager
Elly Evans, Senior Project Manager
Daniel Sheeter, Principal Transportation Planner
Lucy O’Sullivan, Transportation Planner
Karen Stiner, Senior Budget Analyst
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This report provides TAB with the final update on the Transportation & Mobility Snow and Ice
Response Review project, including 2024-2025 winter season operations.
The project’s purpose was to review the City of Boulder’s Snow and Ice Response program’s
service, understand community preferences and needs, assess industry service levels, and
consider program changes to better meet goals and expectations.
On November 13, 2023, staff brought a memo and presentation to TAB detailing draft program
recommendations for the project based on analysis and community input. The item also outlined
plans for additional community engagement in January and February 2024.
On June 20, 2024, staff brought an information item to City Council describing the final program
recommendations for the project. The item also outlined budgetary considerations for the
program, including a budget neutral condition and an enhanced budget condition.
The core of the project’s recommendations is to establish a storm size response framework that
clearly defines which transportation facilities will be cleared and the level of service the
community can expect based on the severity of the storm. This restructuring of the program
allows staff to focus on priorities we heard from the community: major streets, key pedestrian
crossings, multi-use paths and critical bike routes. Focusing on the amount of snowfall makes
communicating the city’s snow response more understandable to the public compared to the
previous system.
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Recognizing the citywide and departmental constrained budget condition, staff utilized the
recommended storm size response framework to prioritize snow and ice response within the
existing budget for the 2024/2025 season. Most recommendations for streets and the on-street
bike network could be operationalized within the existing budget, resulting in a total of 425.2
lane miles of streets and 179.8 miles of the on-street bike network cleared. The current budget
allowed for a modest increase in shoveled areas; 5 additional transit stops will be cleared to serve
people with disabilities. In total, 345 shoveled area locations will be cleared by a combination of
city contractors, Shovel-a-Stop volunteers, and partner agencies such as CU Boulder and RTD.
All multi-use paths maintained by Transportation & Mobility will continue to be cleared.
Staff reviewed the recommendations with a focus on racial equity by comparing the previous
snow program and recommended snow program to the city’s racial equity index. Across streets,
the on-street bike network, shoveled areas, and multi-use paths, the areas of highest equity
priority receive the highest increases in snow service.
Staff are developing materials to communicate the program’s changes for the upcoming
2024/2025 winter season to the community.
ANNUAL UPDATE:
During the 2023-2024 winter season, Boulder received 93.7 inches of snow, slightly above the
long range average of 80 inches. Staff responded to 16 storm events and worked 51 snow
response shifts. Seasonal spending was around $1.3 million, which is slightly less than the prior
season. Spending reduction is attributable to lower quantities of deicer applied and fewer full
crew deployments informed by the updated project recommendations for storm size decisions.
Replacement trucks that were ordered in Q1 of 2022 have arrived and will be available for use
during the upcoming snow season. One new truck has a wing plow that will increase efficiency,
clearing an additional one-half travel lane per pass. Staff intend to add additional wing plows to
the snow fleet in coming years through the fleet replacement schedule.
FISCAL IMPACT
The Snow and Ice Response program is managed by the Transportation & Mobility Department
(T&M) with an adopted 2024 budget of $1.67M. The annual budget is developed each year
based on historic averages of weather patterns and events.
One or more significant snowfall events, or extenuating circumstances, can increase costs more
than those allocations. If additional funding is required, reserves may be allocated through the
city’s supplemental appropriations process. In addition, for the T&M department budget, the
Boulder Police Department accounts for costs associated with sidewalk snow removal
enforcement activities.
Due to the constrained departmental budget condition, no base cost increases or enhancements
are proposed for 2025 or future years. The 2024-2025 operations plan utilizes the recommended
storm size response framework (see Attachment A) to prioritize snow and ice response within
the existing budget.
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As part of the Snow and Ice Response Review project, staff identified additional program
recommendations that require additional funding to operationalize. These recommendations are
detailed in the June 20, 2024 information item.
BACKGROUND:
The project’s purpose was to review the Snow and Ice Response program’s service, understand
community preferences and needs, assess industry service levels, and consider changes to the
program to better meet goals and expectations.
Boulder’s Snow and Ice Response program is a significant investment of city resources. It
supports the city’s Sustainability, Equity, and Resilience Framework’s (SER) and the
Transportation Master Plan’s visions of a safe, accessible, and sustainable multimodal
transportation system connecting people with each other and where they want to go.
The program’s previous level of service was not clearly defined, resulting in inefficiencies and
increased costs to deliver snow services. The community had a range of expectations for snow
response level of service and an unclear understanding of what services are provided and why.
The Snow and Ice Response Review project began in Fall 2022 and concludes in 2024. The
current schedule is as follows:
•Fall 2022: Define the issue and provide contextual background.
•Winter 2022/2023: Seek community feedback on existing program operations.
•Spring-Summer 2023: Evaluate feedback and identify options.
•Winter 2023/2024: Seek community feedback on options for program changes.
•Spring-Summer 2024: Select overall recommended program changes and rationale;
prioritize a subset of recommendations for implementation.
•Summer-Fall 2024: Operationalize recommended storm size response framework within
the existing budget.
•Fall 2024: Communicate program changes to community and begin Winter
2024/2025 operations.
The Snow and Ice Response program focuses on facilities maintained by the Transportation &
Mobility Department. Systemwide, the department collaborates with agency partners also
responsible for clearing streets and paths under their purview, including the Utilities and Parks
and Recreation departments, The University of Colorado – Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder
County, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), Regional Transportation District
(RTD), homeowners associations, and other private entities.
On November 13, 2023, staff brought a memo and presentation to TAB detailing draft program
recommendations for the project based on analysis and community input. The item also outlined
plans for additional community engagement in January and February 2024. The core of the
recommendations is to establish a storm size response framework that clearly defines which
transportation facilities will be cleared and the level of service the community can expect based
on the severity of the storm.
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On June 20, 2024, staff brought an information item to City Council describing the project’s
final recommendations for program changes. The final recommendations were based on two
rounds of community engagement, including meetings with key community groups (Community
Connectors-in-Residence, the Center for People with Disabilities, National Federation for the
Blind, Community Cycles, Boulder Transportation Connections and Boulder Chamber) and an
analysis of existing program and departmental data. The item also outlined budgetary
considerations for the program, including a budget neutral condition and an enhanced budget
condition.
UPDATED PROGRAM PURPOSE AND GOALS
Guided by community input, Transportation & Mobility staff revised the Snow and Ice Response
program purpose:
The purpose of the Boulder Transportation & Mobility Department Snow and Ice Response
program is to support multimodal travel and accessibility for all people by focusing on equity,
safety, mobility and customer service before, during and after snow events.
The Snow and Ice Response Review project has three revised goals that frame the
recommendations:
1.The Boulder T&M Snow and Ice Response program equitably provides safe and
accessible operating conditions for all modes of transportation.
2.The Boulder T&M Snow and Ice Response program continuously evaluates program
performance, with data analysis and identifies changes for improvement in effectiveness
and efficiency within available resources.
3.The Boulder T&M Snow and Ice Response program provides accessible, informative and
timely customer service before, during and after storm events so there is a shared
understanding of roles and service levels internally and externally.
RECCOMENDATIONS FOR 2024/2025 WINTER SEASON
Budget Neutral Condition
Due to the constrained departmental budget condition, no base cost increases or enhancements
are proposed for 2025 or future years. Staff utilized the recommended storm size response
framework to prioritize snow and ice response within the existing budget for the 2024/2025
winter season. Other recommended elements that do not require new or adjusted funding levels
will also be implemented, including the updated program purpose and goals, level of service
criteria aligned with current resources, updated standard operating procedures, and the
commitment to expanded data and communications.
Storm Size Response Framework
Staff developed a prioritized framework for service that is supported by data. This approach
allows the city, together with partners, to continue to provide snow and ice response to the
community, while also allowing flexibility to scale the program up or down in the future based
on available staff, funding, criteria updates and changing infrastructure throughout Boulder.
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The previous program primarily used street classification to prioritize snow clearing across the
city. Major streets were prioritized into primary and secondary routes and cleared on a recurring
basis depending on conditions such as traffic, time of day the storm begins and snowfall rate.
Conditional routes were cleared after major storms and/or prolonged periods of forecasted
below-freezing temperatures.
The recommended storm size response framework uses consensus forecasted storm size from
local forecasters to guide resource deployment on streets, multi-use paths and shoveled areas.
The framework divides snow and ice response into small (trace – 3 inches), medium (3 – 8
inches), and large (8+ inches) snow events. When snowfall exceeds the forecast, the department
will strive to meet the higher level of service commitment as resources allow. Additionally, the
city’s snow team may apply anti-icing agents to streets and paths, provided that:
•The precipitation will start with snow (not rain or sleet).
•There is enough time to apply between snow events.
This restructuring of the program allows staff to focus on priorities we heard from the
community: major streets, key pedestrian crossings, multi-use paths and critical bike routes.
Focusing on the amount of snowfall makes communicating the city’s snow response more
understandable to the public compared to the previous system.
It is important to note that due to limited staff and equipment, the storm size framework
timeframes (see Attachment A) may not be met given existing funding levels. However, the
Snow and Ice Response program is committed to continuously evaluating program performance
to identify changes for improvements in effectiveness and efficiency within available resources.
Changes are typically incorporated into the program on an annual basis as the Department
prepares adjustments to the operations plan prior to the winter season.
Streets
The storm size response framework divides streets maintained by the Transportation & Mobility
Department into three priorities based on specific criteria. First priority street segments are high
traffic streets and streets that serve critical highway and arterial emergency response routes
and/or high ridership transit route stops. Second priority street segments are all remaining transit
routes and critical emergency response routes, heavily-used alleys, and streets steeper than a
6.5% grade. Third priority street segments are streets with grades between 4% and 6.5%.
During community engagement, staff heard a desire to incorporate specific criteria informed by
the city’s Vision Zero policy. To confirm that the prioritization method within the storm size
response framework aligns with Vision Zero goals, staff reviewed the Vision Zero High Risk
Network (HRN) and confirmed all streets on the HRN will be cleared of snow and ice by first
priority routes.
Most recommendations for streets could be incorporated into the snow program for the
2024/2025 winter season within the current budget. Table 1 outlines the percentage of
recommended streets that were incorporated into the final snow program for 2024/2025.
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Table 1: Streets recommendations incorporated into 2024/2025 snow program
Street Type Recommended
Lane Mileage
Incorporated
Lane Mileage
Percent Recommended Lane
Mileage Incorporated
1st Priority 196.7 216.8 110.2%
2nd Priority 204.2 171.4 83.9%
3rd Priority 32.5 26.0 80.0%
Total 433.4 414.2 95.6%
An additional 11 miles of street segments were added to ensure connectivity and provide plow
drivers with safe and efficient turnaround points. In total, the 2024/2025 program will clear snow
from 425.2 lane miles of streets, which is within 5 miles of the existing program. With a greater
number of streets designated as 1st priority, there is an increase of streets that will see a higher
level of service.
Staff reviewed the recommendations with a focus on racial equity by comparing the previous
snow program and recommended snow program to the city’s racial equity index. The index ranks
Census block groups (from 600 to 3,000 people) on a scale of one to five (low to high racial and
ethnic diversity and/or economic stress). The scale from one to five can also be interpreted as
areas of lowest to highest priority, respectively. Table 2 shows this comparison. While most
areas of the city see increases in snow-cleared lane miles, the areas of highest equity priority
receive higher increases than areas of lower equity priority.
Table 2: Percentage of residential lane miles cleared compared to the racial equity index
Percentage of residential lane miles
Racial Equity Indices Previous Program Recommended Program Change
5 (Highest Priority) 29% 36% 7% increase
4 29% 34% 5% increase
3 28% 37% 9% increase
2 34% 38% 4% increase
1 (Lowest Priority) 39% 36% 3% decrease
On-Street Bike Network
The storm size response framework also divides the on-street bike network into three priorities
based on specific criteria. Core Arterial Network streets including protected bike lanes, protected
intersections and floating bus stops are first priority streets. Second priority streets are high
bicycle volume streets and on-street segments of Recommended Crosstown Routes, the north-
south and east-west spines of the low-stress bike network. Streets with grades between 4% and
6.5% are third priority streets.
As individual segments of protected bike lanes and protected intersections continue to be
constructed in the city by CAN projects over the next two years, they will be added the plow
network as 1st priority infrastructure with current resources. However, as more CAN projects are
completed after 2026, there will be additional budget needs to clear snow from the expanded
network of protected bike lanes and other related infrastructure.
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Most recommendations for the on-street bike network could be incorporated into the snow
program within the current budget. Table 3 outlines the percentage of recommended streets that
were incorporated into the final snow program for 2024/2025.
Table 3: On-street bike network recommendations incorporated into 2024/2025 snow program
Priority Recommended
Lane Mileage
Incorporated Lane
Mileage
Percent Recommended Mileage
Incorporated
1st Priority 51.7 59.4 114.9%
2nd Priority 128.5 113.5 88.3%
3rd Priority 4.2 4.1 97.6%
Total 184.4 177.0 96.0%
An additional 2 miles of street segments were added to ensure connectivity and provide plow
drivers with safe and efficient turnaround points. In total, the 2024/2025 program will clear snow
from 179.8 lane miles of the on-street bike network. Similar to the streets equity analysis, staff
analyzed the on-street bike network recommendations in comparison to the racial equity index to
ensure the recommended program continues to clear snow equitably on the on -street bike
network. Table 4 outlines the results of this analysis. The recommended program increases on -
street bike network snow clearing services across all equity priority areas, with the highest
priority census blocks seeing the greatest positive impact.
Table 4: Percentage of on-street bike network cleared compared to the racial equity index
Percentage of on-street bike network cleared
Racial Equity Indices Previous Program Recommended Program Change
5 (Highest Priority) 81% 92% 11% increase
4 66% 79% 13% increase
3 71% 81% 10% increase
2 65% 80% 15% increase
1 (Lowest Priority) 77% 81% 4% increase
Additional key gaps identified in the on-street bike network will be added to the 2024/2025
operations plan within the existing budget as an operational feasibility trial. These gaps were
highly requested for snow clearing during community engagement and will better connect the
network of lower-stress on-street bike facilities that are accessible during the winter. Due to
staffing limitations, these segments will be cleared at the end of snow response operations.
Identified segments for the operational feasibility trial include:
•Connection between 19th Street and 26th Street via Upland Avenue and Tamarack
Avenue – provides low-stress connection that avoids construction on 19th Street
•15th Street south of Iris Avenue – provides continuity to 13th Street Greenstreet and
complements new enhanced crosswalk at 15th Street and Iris Avenue
•Juniper Avenue east of 26th Street – provides access to Elmer’s Twomile Path
•Old Tale Road and Gapter Road – provides continuity in the low-stress bike network east
of Foothills Parkway and access to US 36 regional bikeway
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Shoveled Areas
Contractors clear select curb ramps, median refuge islands and bus stops throughout the city. The
previous program cleared 156 of these locations, 41 of which were high-ridership bus stops. An
additional 38 bus stops were cleared by Shovel-a-Stop volunteers, bringing the total number of
cleared bus stops to 79.
During community engagement, staff heard that focusing clearing services on the most used
transit stops does not meet the needs of the disability community. Basing snow clearing on high -
ridership stops may not cover where they live or need to go, which often results in them having
to wait until the snow and ice have melted to be able to access the bus for travel. The 2024/2025
snow program will add five transit stops to serve people with disabilities. These stop locations
are being determined in consultation with the National Federation for the Blind Boulder Valley
Chapter and Center for People with Disabilities.
In total, contractors will clear 198 locations in the 2024/2025 season. This includes clearing
snow from curb ramps and/or median refuges at 158 locations (some locations may have
multiple types of pedestrian infrastructure). It also includes 40 transit stops; all transit stops with
ridership over 75 boardings/alightings per day (35 total) and the additional 5 stops added for
people with disabilities. An additional 47 transit stops will be cleared this season by Shovel -a-
Stop volunteers and 100 stops will be cleared by partners (RTD, CU Boulder), bringing the total
number of transit stops cleared to 187 and the total number of shoveled areas to 345. The cleared
transit stops make up 34% of all stops in the city. Table 5 outlines the shoveled areas included in
the 2024/2025 snow program.
Table 5: Number of shoveled areas in the 2024/2025 snow program
Party Responsible
for Clearing
Number of
transit stops
Other shoveled area locations Total
City Contractors 40 158 198
Shovel-a-Stop 47 -- 47
Partners (RTD, CU) 100 -- 100
Total 187 158 345
As individual floating bus stops, in addition to protected intersections, are constructed in the city,
they will be added to the shoveled areas network without significant impact on budget and
resources. In future years, as more significant numbers of floating bus stops and protected
intersections are constructed, there will be additional budget needs to clear snow from them.
The shoveled areas included in the 2024/2025 snow program highlight a reprioritization of
existing resources. While the same general number of shoveled areas will be cleared as the
previous program, the specific locations that will be cleared were selected because they better
support multimodal travel and accessibility by enhancing access for members of the disability
community, pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit users.
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An additional equity analysis was performed to ensure the recommended program continues to
clear snow equitably at Boulder’s bus stops. The threshold for contracting snow clearing services
under the previous program was 75 boarding/alightings per day. The recommended program
reduces that threshold to 35 boarding/alightings per day to serve medium-ridership transit stops.
While the 2024/2025 program is unable to incorporate this recommendation due to resource
constraints, it will be incorporated in future years if additional resources become available and/or
if additional volunteers join the Shovel-a-Stop program. Table 6 outlines the results of this
additional equity analysis and includes transit stops cleared by all jurisdictions (RTD, CU
Boulder). The recommended program will increase bus stop snow clearing service across all
equity priority levels, with the highest increases in the highest-priority equity areas.
Table 6: Percentage of bus stops cleared compared to the racial equity index
Percentage of Stops Cleared
under Previous Program
Percentage of Stops Cleared
Under Recommended
Program
Change
Racial
Equity
Indices
City
Maintained
All
Jurisdictions
City
Maintained
All
Jurisdictions
City
Maintained
All
Jurisdictions
5 (Highest
Priority) 17% 34% 31% 45% 14% increase 11% increase
4 21% 33% 36% 46% 15% increase 13% increase
3 24% 45% 41% 56% 16% increase 11% increase
2 12% 24% 15% 26% 3% increase 2% increase
1 (Lowest
Priority) 33% 43% 38% 47% 5% increase 4% increase
Multi-Use Paths
All multi-use paths maintained by Transportation & Mobility will continue to be cleared. There
are no changes in service for the 2024/2025 season.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE SEASONS
Staff identified additional program recommendations that expand the program to include clearing
snow from additional streets, segments of the on-street bike network, and bus stops to improve
access to multimodal travel options. These recommendations are detailed in the June 20, 2024
information item. These recommendations require an enhanced budget to operationalize and
therefore are not included in the 2024/2025 operations plan.
NEXT STEPS:
Staff are developing materials to communicate program changes for the 2024/2025 winter season
to the community.
Questions for the Board:
1.Does the Board have any questions about the snow and ice response review
recommendations that informed the 2024/2025 operations plan?
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ATTACHMENTS:
Attachment A: Recommended storm size response framework graphic dated October 2024
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Response Time After Snowfall Stops
Operations begin up to 24 hours before snow starts to fall.
Areas maintained
by the Transportation
& Mobility Department
Street Priorities
1st: Streets with high traffic,
transit, emergency response
and protected bike lanes
2nd: Crosstown bike routes,
all remaining transit and
emergency response
routes, heavily-used alleys
and steep-grade streets
3rd: Moderately-steep streets
1st Priority
Bare pavement within12
hours
1st Priority
Bare pavement within12
hours
2nd Priority
Clear of loose snow within24
hours
1st Priority
Bare pavement within12
hours
2nd Priority
Clear of loose snow within36
hours
3rd Priority
Clear of loose snow within48
hours
Multi-Use Paths
Bare pavement within12
hours
Bare pavement within24
hours
Bare pavement within48
hours
Shoveled Areas*
Select curb ramps,
median islands and high-
ridership bus stops
Bare pavement within12
hours
Bare pavement within24
hours
Bare pavement within24
hours
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
Up to
8 inches
0 to 3
inches
8+
inches
*Sidewalks and roadside paths adjacent to residential and commercial properties are to be cleared of snow and ice (5’ minimum) no later than 24 hours after snowfall stops, per Boulder Revised Code, Section 8-2-13.
10/4/2024
Attachment A: Recommended storm size response framework graphic dated October 2024
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