Financial and Revenue Strategies for Climate Work PresentationClimate Funding Strategy &
the CAP Tax
Feb. 22, 2022
Our Global Situation: The Climate Crisis is Intensifying
"a code red for humanity. The alarm
bells are deafening, and the evidence
is irrefutable".
UN Secretary-General António Guterres
•The Science is Clear
•Urgent climate action required
•Cities must prepare for climate impacts
•New society-wide targets are needed
•Reduce emissions 70% by 2030
from a 2018 baseline
•Become a net-zero positive city by 2035
•Become a carbon positive city by 2040
•Prepare for significant investments with focus
on resilience at the local level
A New Approach to Climate Action
Both what, where and how we do it
3
Energy Systems Material
Consumption
Ecosystems
Policy-Law Culture & Norms
Knowledge-Tech
4
Economy/ Markets
CO24 Pillars of the System Driving Climate Change
A Broader Scope of Climate Action Priorities
Mitigation, Adaptation & Resilience, and Equity
Climate action must be grounded in three overarching objectives:
Climate Mitigation Adaptation & Climate
Resilience
Equity
Scale of Investment
Low -End Estimate
(Annual)
High-End Estimate
(Annual)
Social Cost of Carbon $54.9 Million1 68.7 Million2
Comparison to other
Communities $12 Million $33 Million
Big Moves Cost Estimate $10.5 Million $15.1 Million
[1 Based on $42.23 per metric ton of carbon. In 2020, Boulder emitted 1.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
[2]Based on $52.85 per metric ton of carbon emitted. In 2020, Boulder emitted 1.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
City Organization Climate and Resilience Investments
Dedicated
Climate
Centric
Efforts
Integrated
Across All
Departments
Focus Tonight
Ongoing through
Budgeting and
Master Planning
Major source of revenue for climate work is expiring
Funding Category Funding Source Annual Revenue Expiration Date
Voter -Approved Tax
CAP Tax $1.8 M March 2023
Utility Occupation Tax –Climate
Initiatives Portion $2.1 M December 2025
General Fund Transfers via
Taxes
Trash Tax $1.8 M No Expiration
Solar Grants ~ $50,000 No Expiration
Fees
Environmental Impact Offset Fund ~ $400,000 No Expiration
Disposable Bag Fee ~ $180,000 No Expiration
How have CAP dollars been used?
Direct energy efficiency assistance to homeowners, business and landlords Steel in the ground: Investments in local solar generation Regulation and Codes
Transit Electrification: City Fleet and City-Owned Charging Stations Policy and Regulatory Reform Partnership and International Collaboration
25-30%
more
efficient
new
buildings
>5 MW
of new
solar
1,200
businesses
and 5,000
homes
upgraded
$ millions
in savings
Saved
>30 million
kWh/
year
>$7.5 M in
rebates
and grants
Future Funding Options
Options for Consideration this Year
Extend existing CAP Tax
Replace both the CAP and UOT taxes with a new climate-oriented tax
Other Options Considered
Natural gas tax
Vehicle fee
Property tax
Financial Impacts: CAP Tax Today
SECTOR Tax Rate In 2007 (Per KWH)Tax Rate (2009 -Present)
(Per KWH)Average Annual Tax
Residential $0.0022 $0.0049 $27 (per household)
Commercial $0.0004 $0.0009 $86 (per customer)
Industrial $0.0002 $0.0003 $128 (per customer)
Financial Impacts: UOT Today
SECTOR Tax Rate (% tax on utility bill)Average Annual Tax
Residential ~1.6%$16 (per household)
Commercial ~1.6%$156 (per customer)
Industrial ~1.6%$577 (per customer)
NOTE: Tax rate varies based on what is necessary to collect the required revenue based on ongoing sales.
Emissions vs. Revenues
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
CAP TAX REVENUES
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
UOT REVENUES
Staff Recommendation
•Replace both CAP and UOT with a new Climate Tax
•Tax on combined electricity and gas bills
•$5 million target
•Preserves and accelerates energy-related efforts, in particular equity and resilience
•Enhances natural climate solutions and climate forecasting
•Bonding capacity
•Accelerate action through forward funding
•Opportunity for capital investment
•Ongoing tax through 2040
•Allows for fund raising through bonding and private capital leverage (e.g., revolving loans)
•Ties expiration to goal dates
Annual Financial Impacts: New Climate Tax
Per Customer Current
(CAP + UOT)
Proposed Climate Tax
@
$3.9 million
(current $ levels)
Proposed Climate Tax
@
$5 million
(25% increase)
Proposed Climate Tax
@
$8 million
(~double)
Residential $43 $30 $38 $61
Commercial $241 $292 $375 $600
Industrial $705 $1,084 $1,390 $2,224
Addressing Inequities
…Using the racial equity instrument to inform strategies, including:
•Adjusting the tax structure such that commercial and industrial
businesses contribute a more equitable share based on their
emissions
•Exempting current recipients of energy assistance (LEAP)
funding from paying the tax
•Developing a rebate mechanism for qualifying low-income
residents and possibly certain types of businesses who cannot
be directly excluded from paying the tax
•Prioritizing investments going forward
Tariff -Based Financing
Electrification
Systems Change: Energy Systems
17
Healthy Buildings
Systems Change: Natural Climate Solutions
18
Local Level Actions:
COOL BOULDER Campaign
Regional Actions:
Equity-Centered
Urban Forestry Scale-up
National Actions:
2030 Targets
•Plant 20,000 trees
•Regenerate 5,000 acres
•Absorb 40,000,000 gals water/yr
•Capture 50,000 mtCO2/yr
$2.5 Billion
Federal
Line Item
For Urban
Forestry
Expansion!
70 + Cities & Counties
Natural Climate Solutions
Working Group
Systemic Resilience
Developing Climate Change Decision Support Tools
Across Multiple Risks and Multiple Departments:
Wildfire
Drought
Urban Heat Extremes
Flooding
Water Supply
Biodiversity Loss
Partners & Collaborators
Scale of Investment
Low -End Estimate
(Annual)
High-End Estimate
(Annual)
Social Cost of Carbon $54.9 Million1 68.7 Million2
Comparison to other
Communities $12 Million $33 Million
Big Moves Cost Estimate $10.5 Million $15.1 Million
[1 Based on $42.23 per metric ton of carbon. In 2020, Boulder emitted 1.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
[2]Based on $52.85 per metric ton of carbon emitted. In 2020, Boulder emitted 1.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
The Process
•Feb. 2: Environmental Advisory Board (EAB)
•Feb. 16: Financial Strategy Committee (FSC)
•Feb. 22: Study Session
•Issue Introduction
•Staff Recommendation
•May 10:Ballot Item Study Session
•Summer 2022:Iterate ballot item, Engagement
•August/September:Council finalizes ballot item
•November:Municipal Election
Community Engagement Process
Phase 1: Targeted Outreach to Specific Customer Classes
•February through May 2022
Phase 2: Voter Information: Climate work, CAP Tax Benefits
•May through August 2022
Phase 3: Community Consultation on “Big Moves”
Questions for Council
1.Does Council support the staff recommendation for a new Climate Tax that replaces the combination of the current UOT and CAP tax?
2.Does Council support and/or have questions about staff’s proposal to increase overall revenues and collect a new Climate Tax through 2040?
3.What would be helpful for council to know to determine whether to support advancing a Climate Tax as a 2022 ballot item?
4.Does Council have any guidance for staff related to scoping the broader city role and associated revenue needs?
BACKUP SLIDES
Economic/Financial Systems and Land Use
Cost-of -carbon budge�ng and other mechanisms to
internalize the costs of climate impacts into both city and
community economic transac�ons.
Economic
Systems
Building and land use codes that are informed by and that
advance climate jus�ce, mi�ga�on and resilience goalsLand Use
Scaling up Action
Energy Systems: Examples of Big Moves
Enhanced weatheriza�on and electrifica�on; Low -to-no -cost solar;
Workforce development
Just Energy
Transi�on
Building codes and voluntary programs to ensure every new
building is built to have the lowest carbon footprint possible and all
buildings are improved over �me
High Performing,
Healthy Buildings
New and innova�ve program models to close the community’s
emissions gap ; Increased local genera�on and storage
Clean Electricity
Supply
Programs and services to support transporta�on electrifica�on and
infrastructure development, with emphasis on those that enable
solu�ons for currently underserved segments of the community
Clean Mobility
Solu�ons
Circular Materials: Examples of Big Moves
Minimize single-use plas�cs
Maximize local reuse and repair
Support market development for recyclable materials
Consumer Goods
Support market development for construc�on waste
Require low-carbon construc�on materialsBuilt Environment
Minimize food waste community-wide
Maximize high quality compost/biochar produc�on
Maximize local u�liza�on of compost/biochar
Organic Materials
(Biomass/trees/
food waste)
Natural Climate Solu�ons:
Examples of Big Moves
Major urban forestry-as climate ac�on campaign to fill available tree plan�ng
areas with appropriate species.Cool Boulder
Land management strategies and ac�ons designed to increase both carbon
and water capture and enhance the ecosystem-based services cri�cal to buffer
climate extremes
Cool and Absorbent
Landscapes
Locally scaled climate change projec�ons and processes to aid in planning for
climate changeCommunity Climate
Change Projec�ons
Support systems change in local government climate ac�on through building a
knowledge and best prac�ces en�ty that accelerates the development of natural climate solu�ons.
Urban Drawdown
Ini�a�ve/Natural Climate
Solu�ons Ini�a�ves (UDI)
Scale of Investments to Achieve Systemic Climate Impacts—Social Cost of Carbon
Social Cost of Carbon Emissions Estimator-Boulder, CO
Community
DATA INPUTS
Current Emissions -tonnes CO2e (2020)1,373,552
Population 105,000
Per Capita emissions -tons/person (Scope 1 + 2)13.1
Per Capita emissions -tons/person (Scope 1 + 2 + 3)26.2
Annual Social Cost of Carbon--Community
@$40/ton (Canada-2021)$54,942,080
@ $50/ton (Canada-2022)$68,677,600
@ $80/ton (Canada-2024)$109,884,160
@ $170/ton (Canada-2030)$233,503,840