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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
Pagei
Executive Summary
The City of Boulder retained TCB, an AECOM Company, and Hydrosphere Resource Consultants to evaluate
increasing water system reliability by improving two aging water transmission pipelines near Betasso Water
Treatment Plant. Upgrading these pipelines could also address water quality challenges caused by surges during
hydroelectric plant capacity tests. The hydra plants fed by these pipelines provide an opportunity to offset project
costs with increased hydro revenues following pipeline replacement. The scope of the study included evaluation
of recorded flow data, system operations, energy generation and revenue, construction costs, economic analyses,
and preparation of this report.
The Boulder Creek Watershed is the City of Boulder's primary municipal water supply source. The Boulder Creek
water supply system is also capable of providing clean energy from generation of electricity at hydroelectric plants
installed on municipal water supply pipelines. The hydro plants are operated in a manner that does not diminish
the primary purpose of supplying municipal water. Revenue from the sale of electricity to Xcel Energy allows the
City's Water Utility to maintain lower water rates for its customers.
The study results indicate that modified operations within existing facilities coupled with the potential addition of
new pipeline facilities would achieve the following:
1) Construction of a new 30-inch pipeline for the Betasso Penstock between Boulder Canyon Hydro and
Betasso Hydro would improve water delivery reliability, increase system capacity and allow Betasso
Hydro to generate at its nameplate capacity, thus increasing City hydro revenue.
2) Following construction of a new 30-inch Betasso Penstock, the existing 20-inch Betasso Penstock could
be partially re-used to replace the Orodell Pipeline, which transports treated water from Betasso Water
Treatment Plant to Orodell Hydro. This would then allow conversion of a portion of the existing 20-inch
Orodell Pipeline from a treated water transmission line into a discharge line to Boulder Creek. These
changes would resolve problems with treatment processes caused by hydroelectric plant capacity tests
and allow a continuation of existing hydroelectric revenue streams that might otherwise be reduced due to
the need to maintain high quality treated water.
3) Diverting a portion of the water that would normally flow through Boulder Canyon Hydro over to Betasso
Hydro will increase hydroelectric revenue from capacity payments at Betasso Hydro. These additional
flows would be returned to Boulder Creek via the discharge line.
4) Higher capacity payments under the existing power sales contract with Xcel could be obtained by shifting
treatment load from Boulder Reservoir Water Treatment Plant to Betasso Water Treatment Plant in April
and October.
5) The City's existing instream flow program would continue to provide minimum stream flows during low
stream flow periods and stream flows would continue to be above minimum levels most of the time.
Therefore, stream flow quality and levels would be maintained.
6) The City could realize a $4.5 million gain in present worth revenue with a capital improvement cost of
$3.3 million.
The study shows that the above changes would allow the City of Boulder to improve water system reliability and
flexibility. In addition, these changes have a positive benefit-cost ratio due to increased revenue from more fully
using system hydroelectric potential. Hydro revenues that offset water supply costs can be increased while
continuing to maintain municipal water supply as the operational priority.
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Final Summary Report - Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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Contents
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Introduction .................................................................
1.1 Purpose ...............................................................
1.2 Scope Of Work .....................................................
1.3 Study Procedures .................................................
Hydrology ....................................................................
2.1 Overview ..............................................................
2.2 Flow Data ............................................................
Power Studies ..............................................................
3.1 Operating Flows ...................................................
3.2 Gross Head ..........................................................
3.3 Head Losses ........................................................
3.4 Turbine And Generator Efficiencies ......................
3.5 Generation Capacity ............................................
3.6 Summary Tables .................................................
Facility Narratives ........................................................
Project Costs ...............................................................
Economic Analyses .....................................................
6.1 General ................................................................
6.2 Summary Of Economic Analyses .........................
7.0 Conclusions ...................................................
References
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Figure 1 -System Schematic & Figure 2 -Conceptual Layout
Modified Operations
Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
Economic Analyses
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1
.1
_1
.2
2
.2
.4
4
.4
4
4
4
.5
.6
.8
.9
9
11
12
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This report presents the results of a study evaluating the possibility of increasing reliability of the City's water
supply system by improving two aging water transmission pipelines associated with the Betasso Water Treatment
Plant and with several of the City's hydroelectric plants. The economics of replaang these two pipelines, the
Betasso Penstock and the Orodell Pipeline, was evaluated. Upgrading these pipelines would increase water
supply system reliability and address water quality challenges associated with surges from hydroelectric capacity
tests required by the power sales contract for the hydro facilities.
This study showed that pipeline reconstruction costs could be offset by increased power sales following pipeline
replacement. Direct power generation revenues and revenue from providing generation capacity could be
increased due to two factors. The existing Betasso Hydroelectric Plant is fed by one of the pipelines, the Betasso
Penstock, and operates at less than full generation capacity due to the small diameter of the existing penstock. A
larger pipeline would allow more revenue from power generation due to reduced water conveyance friction losses.
If the pipeline reconstruction project is done in a manner that allows an existing, replaced Orodell Pipeline section
to be reused as a raw water discharge line from Betasso Hydro, then water run through the hydro plants for
capacity tests can be increased by discharging excess water to Boulder Creek. The study was conducted by TCB,
an AECOM Company, and Hydrosphere Resource Consultants for the City of Boulder.
The City's Barker system operations were evaluated to optimize use of Barker Reservoir storage and a 1906
water right decreed for hydropower generation that the City acquired from Xcel. Optimization was achieved by
shifting water demand to Betasso Water Treatment Plant from Boulder Reservoir Water Treatment Plant during
key months to increase hydroelectric revenue. In addition, the pipeline reconfiguration will eliminate water
treatment problems during capacity tests.
1.2 Scope of Work
The scope of the study included evaluation of recorded flow data, system operations, energy generation,
construction costs, electrical energy revenue, and preparation of a report. The scope included evaluation of the
operations of the Betasso, Silver Lake, and Lakewood hydroelectric plants as well as the Betasso Penstock and
the Orodell Pipeline.
1.3 Study Procedures
Several iterations of hydrology and flow data for system components were obtained from Hydrosphere Resource
Consultants. The final hydrology data set was received on March 3, 2005 and provided information on baseline
hydrology in addition to supporting two new operational scenarios as follows:
• Modified Operations represented the optimized base case, which demonstrated how the City could
optimize its water system operations in order to generate more hydropower revenue without new capital
expenditures or improvement to the existing level of reliability and water quality of the municipal water
supply.
• Modified Operations with Capital Improvements represented the proposed pipeline replacement
option, which evaluated the operation of the City water system following the installation of additional
facilities, including a new 30-inch pipeline to Betasso and a discharge line with a new pressure reducing
valve (PRV) station named "Tram Hill PRV". This scenario requires new capital expenditures, and will
improve water system reliability and address water quality concerns.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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2.0 Hydrology
2.1 Overview
Hydrosphere had previously developed an extensive model of the City's water supply system including simulation
of Boulder Creek hydrology and operation of water system facilities. This model was used for this study to create
simulated flow records for various water system components for the hydrologic period from January 1950 through
December 1998 under expected water demand conditions in the near future. Hydrosphere provided a total of 49
years of modeled flow records with estimated discharges for one-quarter month intervals. The records were used
to represent one typical year of average monthly flows. The typical year flow data was then used to develop
estimated energy production.
2.2 Flow Data
Flow data obtained from Hydrosphere on March 3, 2005 included both existing and potential modified operations
for projected levels of flow. The current operations are summarized below:
• Municipal demand - 25,000 acre-feet per year
• Betasso WTP capacity - 45 million gallons per day (MGD) (70 cubic feet per second (cfs))
• Boulder Reservoir WTP capacity - 10 MGD (15 cfs)
o November through March operations - 5 MGD (8 cfs)
o April through October operations - up to 10 MGD (15 cfs) to meet demand
Barker Gravity Pipeline capacity - 28 MGD (43 cfs)
• Lakewood and Silver Lake pipelines capacity - 20 MGD (31 cfs)
• Farmers Ditch "municipal" conveyance capacity - 8 MGD (12 cfs)
The Modified Operations Scenario was developed to increase City hydro revenue without incurring capital costs.
The operational scheme focused on flows required to meet the capacity payment threshold (the minimum level of
power generation at which Xcel will make higher capacity payments to the City) at Betasso, Silver Lake and
Lakewood Hydros. The assumptions for the scenario were the same as current operations with the exception of
Boulder Reservoir WTP (BRWTP) operations. It was assumed that BRWTP would operate at an average of 2
MGD during April and September. Mountain reservoir storage releases would be increased to offset the reduction
at BRWTP during these months. From November through March, BRWTP operations would be increased to
compensate for the April and September mountain reservoir drawdown. Flow data used to model modified
operations are presented in Appendix B.
The Modified Operation with Capital Improvements Scenario was developed as a further optimization of the
Boulder Creek Watershed system by adding capital improvements. This scenario inGudes constructing a new 30-
inch diameter pipeline between Boulder Canyon Hydro and the Betasso Hydro facility to serve as the Betasso
Penstock. The existing 20-inch Betasso Penstock would be converted to the Orodell Pipeline. A portion of the
existing Orodell Pipeline would be converted to a discharge line carrying excess raw water from Betasso Hydro to
Boulder Creek. The assumptions for this Scenario were the same as the Modified Operations Scenario with one
addition. It was assumed that a portion of the water stored by the City in Barker Reservoir during October through
March under its 1906 Barker hydropower storage right would be released later, particularly in April, for delivery to
the Betasso Hydro. The water would then be returned to Boulder Creek at Orodell the same as if it had been run
through Boulder Canyon Hydro. Power revenues can be increased in this manner because of the high payments
for power generation capacity under the Betasso Hydro contract. Flow data used to model the proposed
operations are presented in Appendix C.
The following graphs represent the flow differences between modified operations only and modified operations
with capital improvements, including installation of a new pipeline and a new PRV station. The graphs
demonstrate that only a minor increase inflow can create a significant increase in energy production and capacity
payments.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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Average Flow per Month
Modified Operations vs. Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
Average Flows
Silver Lake Hydro
3U ~MOtlifetl Ops
- ~-MOtlifetl Ops wl ClP
25
`~~- 20
O 15
LL
jr 10
Q
i
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Od Nov Dec
Month
Average Flows
Betasso Hydro
3tl ~~MOtlifetl Ops
-n-- Motlifietl Ops w/ CIP
25
'V 20
3
O 15 ~ t
LL f
~ 10
a
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
Average Flows
Lakewood Hydro
35 ~MOtlifietl Ops
w~-~ Mod~fietl Ops wl CIP
3g
25
~ 20
3 -
~` 15
i
6
10
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
Average Flows
Tram Hill PRV i
e
]
J ~~Nloemee ope
--~-~ Mptlifetl Ops wl CIP
6 jl
I
s
i
o a
G
3
~ ~
z
I
1
1
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
M ontM1
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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3.0 Power Studies
3.1 Operating Flows
Operational parameters of the hydroelectric units analyzed in this study were based on the available flow and
head at each facility. Analyses of Modified Operations considered existing generation capacities and considered
flows optimized for hydro generation revenue at Betasso, Silver Lake and Lakewood Hydros. A summary table at
the end of this section lists the unit type and maximum and minimum operating flows for each hydroelectric unit in
this study.
3.2 Gross Head
Gross head for each facility is the difference between the upstream reservoir elevation and the turbine nozzle
elevations. Reservoir elevations were obtained from facility surveys performed in March 2004 and from facility
and profile drawings.
Corrected gross head accounts for the difference in elevation and atmospheric pressure between the upstream
reservoir and downstream turbine nozzle locations. A summary table at the end of this section lists the
calculated corrected gross head for each plant.
3.3 Head Losses
Head losses including entrance losses, bend losses, pipeline friction losses, and valve losses were estimated for
power generation calculations. The water path to each plant was modeled and accounting of head losses was
based on flow rate. Calculated head loss was subtracted from the corrected gross head to obtain net head at
specific flow rates. A summary table at the end of this section lists the maximum and minimum estimated head
loss associated with each plant.
3.4 Turbine and Generator Efficiencies
Turbine and generator efficiencies vary with flow rate. Turbine-generator efficiency determines how much power
can be generated at a given flow and head. Efficiency data from existing Pelton units at Silver Lake and
Lakewood were used to estimate the efficiencies. Betasso efficiency data were obtained during a field
performance test in March 2004. Equations for calculating percent efficiency as a function of percent flow were
developed for the models. A summary table at the end of this section lists the maximum turbine and generator
efficiencies.
3.5 Generation Capacity
The generation capacity for each plant depends on available flow, turbine flow limits, gross head, head loss, and
equipment efficiency. Available flow is set by the demand for municipal water supply in Boulder. Much of the
generation potential in the Boulder water system results from high municipal water demand during the summer
months. Since turbine and generator efficiencies change with flow rate, it would be advantageous for both water
supply and generation to store water during low demand months and use it during periods of higher demand.
This study indicates that the City can meet its water rights and reservoir level obligations while taking advantage
of water stored in Barker Reservoir under the 1906 hydropower water right to maximize power generation
revenue. Maximum and minimum generation potential for each unit is presented in Section 3.6.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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3.6 Summary Table
Table 1: Modified Operations
Maximum Existing Head Net Head Power
i umme /venerator emaencies ~ eraan Wows moss me a-wags
Betasso Double Nozzle Pelton Max 35.0 cfs 333 k 951 ft 2 5 MW
86
(BET) 10:1 Turndown Min 3.9 cfs 4.2 k 1280 ft 0 2 MW
Silver Lake Double Nozzle Pelton Max 30.9 cfs 203 ft 1406 k 3.2 MW
88
(SL) 10:1 Turndown Min 3.1 cfs 77 k 1532 ft 0.3 MW
Lakewood Double Nozzle Pelton Max 30.9 cfs 208 ft 1554 ft 3.7 MW
88
(LW) 10:1 Turndown Min 3 1 cfs 2 ft 1760 ft 0.4 MW
Table 2: Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
Maximum
Proposed Head
Net Head Power
Turbine I Generator Efficiencies O eratin Flows Loss
Betasso Double Nozzle Pelton Max 35.0 cfs 38 ft 1246 ft 3.2 MW
86%
(BET) 10:1 Turndown Min 3.9 cfs 0.5 ft 1283 ft 0.2 MW
Silver Lake Double Nozzle Pelton Max 30 9 cfs 203 ft 1406 ft 3.2 MW
88%
(SL) 10:1 Turndown Min 3.1 cfs 77 ft 1532 ft 0.3 MW
Lakewood Double Nozzle Pelton Max 30.9 cfs 208 k 1554 k 3.7 MW
88
(LW) 10:1 Turndown Min 3.1 cfs 2 ft 1760 k 0.4 MW
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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4.0 Facility Narratives
The Middle Boulder Creek Watershed above Barker Reservoir feeds Boulder Canyon and Betasso Hydros.
Barker Gravity Pipeline, Boulder Canyon Penstock, and Betasso Penstock together make up the Boulder City
Pipeline No. 3 which carries water from Barker Reservoir to Betasso WTP. These pipelines, in conjunction with
Barker and Kossler Reservoirs are all existing components of the Barker system. The proposed discharge
pipeline and Tram Hill PRV would carry flows that are in excess of needs at Betasso WTP from Betasso Hydro to
Boulder Creek.
The Silver Lake Pipeline diversion structure diverts water from North Boulder Creek in the Silver Lake Watershed
via the Silver Lake Pipeline to Silver Lake Hydro. This water, along with water diverted from North Boulder Creek
and Como Creek at Lakewood Reservoir, feed the Lakewood Reservoir. The Lakewood Pipeline conveys water
from Lakewood Reservoir to Lakewood Hydro located at the Betasso WTP. All these reservoirs, pipelines and
hydro facilities are existing components of the North Boulder Creek Water Supply System. The proposed
discharge pipeline and Tram Hill PRV will be designed to draw water from the joint discharge bay for both
Betasso and Lakewood Hydros. Therefore, flows that are in excess of needs at Betasso WTP from Lakewood
Hydro could also be carried to Boulder Creek although this operational change is not being proposed at this time.
Figure 1 in Appendix A shows the arrangement of facilities described in this study
Betasso Hydroelectric Plant
The existing Betasso hydropower unit receives flow from Kossler Reservoir by way of Boulder Canyon Penstock
and the 20-inch diameter Betasso Penstock. The 20-inch pipeline to Betasso Hydro diverts water directly from
Boulder Canyon Penstock at a point upstream of the Boulder Canyon Hydro turbines. Betasso Hydro generates
power from 1284 feet of gross head and flows between 3.9 cfs and 35 cfs.
The study results indicate that replacing the existing Betasso Penstock with a new 30-inch pipeline to Betasso
WTP, converting the existing Orodell Pipeline to a discharge line, and re-using the existing 20-inch Betasso
Penstock to replace the existing Orodell Pipeline, would resolve water treatment challenges during hydro plant
capacity tests, and increase the reliability of the City's water pipelines. In addition, providing a discharge line
would allow fora $4.5 million gain in present worth hydroelectric generation revenue.
The existing 20-inch Betasso Penstock has a rough interior surface and is undersized for power generation at the
turbine nameplate capacity of Betasso Hydro. The penstock condition results in high friction loss within the
pipeline and reduced power generation. Even though Betasso Hydro is rated at a maximum capacity of 3.2
mega-watts (MW), it generates no more than 2.6 MW due to the head loss associated with the 20-inch pipe and
the higher flow velocities.
Power generation at Betasso Hydro would be substantially increased if water was provided via a new 30-inch-
diameter pipeline instead of the existing 20-inch line. Anew 30-inch line would have less head loss and thus
would increase generation potential to 3.2 MW from the same amount of water. This improvement would establish
the full capacity and benefit of the existing capital investment in the Betasso Hydro.
Monthly one-hour capacity tests at Silver Lake, Lakewood, and Betasso Hydro Plants are required to establish the
monthly payment from Xcel to the City for making generation capacity available. During the capacity tests, the
hydro units pass high flows to establish the maximum generating capacity of the three units when run in
combination. Typically, the capacity test flow exceeds municipal demand, but there is presently no way to
exclude the excess flow from the treatment plant and distribution system once it passes through the turbines. The
excess Flows inundate the WTP basins and filters and disrupt normal water treatment operations. The flow surge
can also disturb sediment within the treated water distribution system and cause rusty water incidents and
complaints.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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If the existing 20-inch Betasso Penstock was converted to a treated water pipeline to replace a portion of the
existing Orodell Pipeline, then the existing 20-inch Orodell Pipeline could be converted into a discharge line to
take off the excess flows from the hydro plants above the Betasso WTP. This would eliminate water quality
issues associated with the hydro plant capacity tests., Figure 2 in Appendix A shows the conceptual layout of all
three pipelines.
Use of a new 30-inch diameter pipeline to feed Betasso Hydro and using the existing Orodell Pipeline as a
discharge pipeline would also allow for a beneficial operations change. Because the City's power sales contract
for Betasso Hydro generation provides for variable capacity payments, but the power sales contract for Boulder
Canyon Hydro has a fixed capacity payment, diverting some of the flow that currently runs through Boulder
Canyon Hydro to Betasso Hydro would increase capacity payment revenue to the City. The discharge line would
be useful under this scenario to return excess water from Betasso Hydro to Boulder Creek at the historic
discharge point for Boulder Canyon Hydro.
Silver Lake and Lakewood Hydroelectric Plants
Silver Lake and Lakewood Hydro's are included in the same power sales contract with Betasso Hydro. Capacity
payments under the contract are based on the three facilities running in combination. Lakewood Hydroelectric
Plant is presently limited to the power generation possible from the City's municipal water deliveries through the
Lakewood Pipeline because all water run through Lakewood Hydro is discharged into the treatment plant. All
reservoir storage capacity in the North Boulder Creek side of the system is dedicated to municipal water supply
and is not available for releases for power generation purposes only. Silver Lake Hydro operates between 3 and
31 cfs with a net operating head of 1406 ft at full load. Lakewood Hydro operates between 3 and 31 cfs with a
net operating head of 1554 ft at full load.
Currently any excess flow at Lakewood Reservoir not required for municipal water supply flows over the reservoir
spillway back into the stream and is not diverted into Lakewood Pipeline. In the Modified Operations with Capital
Improvements scenario, some flow in excess of municipal water needs could be diverted into Lakewood Pipeline
and routed through the Lakewood Hydro if a discharge pipeline was available to return water to Boulder Creek
from Lakewood Hydro. This additional generation potential is limited by availability of water in North Boulder
Creek at the same time as there is any additional capacity in Lakewood Pipeline and by the City's contract with
the Colorado Water Conservation Board to provide instream flows below Lakewood Reservoir. Therefore, this
additional "run-of-the-river' generation potential is very small and occurs ircegulady. For evaluation of this pipeline
project, it was assumed that Lakewood Hydro operations are not altered and the potential revenues from "run-of-
the-river" operation of Lakewood Hydro are not included in the economic analysis. If the City desires to pursue
this additional potential for Lakewood Hydro generation, it can be evaluated at a later date as an operational
change.
Tram Hill Pressure Reducing Valve
As described throughout this report, with a new 30-inch line between Boulder Canyon Hydro and Betasso Hydro,
the existing 20-inch Betasso Penstock would become the Orodell Pipeline. The existing Orodell Pipeline would
become a discharge pipeline.
Sufficient pressure would develop in the discharge pipeline that a PRV would be needed at the end. The
discharged flows could be used for hydropower generation by including a new hydro unit parallel to the PRV at
the bottom of Tram Hill near the Boulder Canyon Hydro. Based on the proposed flow scenario, there are only
about four months per year that a hydro plant parallel to the Tram Hill PRV could potentially generate power. The
cost of a hydro plant at Tram Hill exceeds potential generation revenue based on current power purchase rates
from Xcel, and further analysis is not warranted at this time.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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5.0 Project Costs
No equipment changes are proposed for Silver Lake, Lakewood, or Betasso Hydros, so project costs would be
due to a new 30-inch Betasso Penstock, a new PRV station, and altered pipeline connections. Costs of these
facilities were compared to increased hydro revenues made possible by these capital improvements. Costs
include engineering, construction, and appurtenant features. Project costs are discussed below and summarized
in Table 3.
The labor and materials estimate to construct a 30-inch pipeline for Betasso Penstock was developed with input
from a local contractor and supplier in January 2005. Costs associated with labor, materials, equipment and
services furnished by others are subject to market influences and changes and may vary from those presented
herein.
The existing Orodell Pipeline has segments installed in the 1950s at the same time as part of the old Lakewood
Pipeline. These two pipelines constituted the old Boulder City Pipeline that carried water directly from Lakewood
Reservoir to the City prior to the construction of Betasso WTP. Given the condition of the old Lakewood Pipeline
segments that were recently replaced, the Orodell Pipeline segment would likely need replacement within the next
15 years if it continued to serve as a treated water transmission pipeline.
By replacing the existing Orodell Pipeline with the re-used Betasso Penstock pipeline, complete pipe replacement
for the Orodell Pipeline can be avoided for a longer time. Recent internal and external inspections of the existing
Betasso Penstock pipe showed it to be in good condition. By reducing the service requirements for this existing
pipe by converting it into Orodell Pipeline, which operates at lower pressures than Betasso Penstock, a longer
service life than 15 years (possibly in the range of 50 years) can be expected for the new Orodell Pipeline. In
addition, the existing Orodell Pipeline is lined with coal tar enamel while the existing Betasso Penstock is lined
with cement mortar lining which would be a more suitable lining for a treated water transmission pipeline.
The service life of the Orodell Pipeline can be increased to more than 15 years by re-using the old Betasso
Penstock. A present worth credit of about $0.5 million can be taken in the form of avoided costs associated with
the replacement costs of the 1950's segment of the Orodell Pipeline in 15 years with an entirely new pipeline
rather than replacement with the re-used Betasso Penstock now.
A longer life can also be attained for the pipe currently serving as the Orodell Pipeline by retiring this pipeline from
its use as a fulltime pressure conduit and using it as a discharge pipeline. Use as a discharge pipeline is less
demanding both because the discharge pipeline will operate at a lower pressure than the Orodell Pipeline and the
use is infrequent. Discharge line use occurs during monthly capacity tests and for periods during the one month
each year when generation flows in excess of treatment needs would be re-routed from Boulder Canyon Hydro to
Betasso Hydro. In addition, the pipeline could be allowed to deteriorate to a much greater extent prior to
replacement when used as a discharge pipeline, since that function requires a lower level of reliability than that
required of a key treated water transmission pipeline like Orodell Pipeline.
The avoided costs for a future replacement of Orodell Pipeline due to re-use of the existing Betasso Penstock
have been calculated for use in the City's Community and Environmental Assessment Process (CEAP) document
for the project. In addition to the proposed facilities that are reconfigured as described in this study, the CEAP
document considers a variation of the project in which a new pipeline is constructed to become the Betasso
Penstock, the existing Betasso Penstock becomes a discharge line, and the Orodell Pipeline is not part of the
project. The avoided cost of replacing the Orodell Pipeline with new pipe in 15 years becomes pertinent in that
discussion. The CEAP establishes the Modified Operations option in this study as the Alternative 1 or No Change
Alternative for the CEAP evaluation under the assumption that the suggested operational changes will be made
given that they require no capital expenditures.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
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6.0 Economic Analyses
6.1 General
Economic analyses evaluated modified operations with and without capital improvements. Details of the findings
are provided in Appendix D.
A 50-year project life was considered for all three hydroelectric plants as this is a typical life assumed for
economic analyses of hydroelectric projects. The Betasso unit has been on-line for approximately 20 years and
recently underwent major cleaning and rehabilitation. The unit may require additional rehabilitation or
replacement at some future date within the 50 years. Rehabilitation and/or replacement costs have historically
been offset by increased generation revenue resulting from such rehabilitation and/or replacement. Therefore,
the economic analyses assumed the costs and the increased revenue would cancel each other.
For each of the three hydroelectric plants, economic analyses were completed considering a present worth
discount rate of 4 percent. The power sales contract for Betasso, Silver Lake, and Lakewood Hydros provides for
both a variable capacity payment and payment for each kilowatt-hour (kW-hr) generated. The benefit cost ratio
(BCR) presented in Table 3 was calculated to be incremental increase in revenue divided by the total capital
improvement costs.
Present worth generation revenue was calculated for all plants based on the average annual revenues from
modified operations at an energy rate of $0.02 per kW-hr. The $0.02 per kW-hr energy rate used in all of the
calculations is based on the contracted amount at Betasso Hydro'.
The capacity payment is based on the maximum hour instantaneous combined electrical generation capacity of
the Silver Lake, Lakewood and Betasso hydroelectric facilities. The combined capacity of the three plants is
demonstrated each month through a capacity test involving the operation of all three facilities at the same time.
The capacity factor is defined as:
Capacity Factor = Total actual generation in kilowatt hours for the month
Total potential generation in kilowatt hours for the month
Total potential generation consists of the combined capacity (kilowatts) of the three hydroelectric plants included
in the agreement times the number of days in the month times 24 hours per day.
The capacity payments, which are in addition to the per kilowatt-hour payment by Xcel for actual generation, are:
o $17.84 per kilowatt hour-month for the maximum hour instantaneous combined capacity of the Silver
Lake, Lakewood, Betasso units if the combined capacity factor is 50% or greater than the combined
capacities of the units.
o $8.92 per kilowatt hour-month for the maximum hour instantaneous combined capacity of the Silver Lake,
Lakewood, Betasso units if the combined capacity factor is less than 50% of the combined capacities of
the unit.
Capacity payments represent considerable revenue to the city water utility. Capacity payments have increased as
each hydro facility included in the contract has come on line. Currently, the higher capacity payments are
achieved about four months in every year. An additional month could be gained in most years by modifying flow
~ The City's hydropower sales agreement with Xcel Energy currently provides for an average rate of $0.02 per kW-hr of actual
generation for the existing units at Betasso, Silver Lake and Lakewood. The agreement also mdudes payments to the City for
monthly capacity tests. The initial expiration date of the agreement is 2017 but it can be extended in five year increments at
the Cty's discretion. Therefore, the contract terms were assumed to be valid for the full 50 years.
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Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
Page 10
operations alone. Modified operations along with capital improvements would allow the higher capacity payments
to occur in about six months of every year.
Based on the amount of power generation calculated for each scenario, the equivalent amount of coal consumed
and greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere were calculated. The results are presented in Table 3. The
table also demonstrates the incremental analysis of modified operations with and without capital improvements.
This analysis demonstrates that the City could recover the cost of the new 30-inch Betasso Pipeline through the
increased capacity revenues alone ($4.1 million) even without the added benefit of additional generation
revenues. The increased capacity revenues are made possible by the reduced friction losses in a new 30-inch
pipeline, as compared to the existing 20-inch pipeline, that enables the full generation potential of Betasso Hydro
to be reached during capacity tests. Reduced friction losses for the same quantity of water carried in a new larger
Betasso Hydro Penstock and the ability to pass excess flows through a new discharge line would both contribute
to an increase of $0.5 million in present worth revenues from kW-hrs of additional generation at Betasso Hydro.
TCB I f\ECC~M
Final Summary Report-Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
Page 11
6.2 Summary of Economic Analyses
Table 3 -Environmental & Financial Summary -Modified Operations with Capital Improvement
Incremental Increase as compared to Modified Operations Only
Energy Rate for all facilities = $0.02
Environmental Summa for 50 ears Financial Summa
Total Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Incremental 50 Year Benefit
Incremental amt of Coal amt of SOz amt of NOx amt of COz Present Worth Revenue Cost Cost
y
Facilit MW-hr tons (tons) (tons) (tons) MW-hr CP' Total Ratio
New 30" Pipeline - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $3,285,000
Betasso 51,500 26,500 40 80 26,800 $456,000 $2,700,000 $3,156,000 $0
1.38
Silver Lake 0 0 0 0 0 $0 $655,000 $655,000 $0
Lakewood 0 0 0 0 0 $0 $724,000 $724,000 $0
Total 51,500 26,500 40 80 26,800 $456,000 $4,079,000 $4,535,000 $3,285,000
Notes: 1. CP =Capacity Payment
2. Flow Data was from the March 3, 2005 Hydrosphere Case Studies
TCB I AEC~4~
Final Summary Report -Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
Page 12
7.0 Conclusions
In pursuing modified operations with capital improvements as described herein, the following conclusions are
made:
1. The Benefit /Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.38 demonstrates that the project is economically favorable.
2. Anew larger pipeline will increase the Betasso Hydro unit's capacity to reach the nameplate rating v~ith more
efficient conveyance of the water. The new pipeline can provide a maximum of 3.2 MW compared to 2.6 MW
with the existing pipeline at a flow rate of 35 cfs.
3. The economic benefit of replacing coal has not been quantified or included in the BCR. It is estimated that
26,500 tons of coal will not be burned and the associated greenhouse gases will not be released to the
atmosphere.
4. Operations of Silver Lake Hydro and Lakewood Hydro will have no changes; Betasso will have increased
flows most often during April in most years and during monthly capacity tests. Changes in operations at the
Boulder Reservoir Water Treatment Plant will occur to allow greater flows at Betasso WTP at times when it
will increase capacity payments, but this will have no net effect on water delivery to the City.
5. Two existing pipelines will be recycled for a new and longer term service life. The existing Betasso Penstock
will be modified to serve in slower-pressure application as the Orodell Pipeline thereby prolonging the time
until a new Orodell Pipeline must be constructed. The existing Orodell Pipeline will become the discharge
pipeline for the monthly hydro capacity tests. In addition, the discharge pipeline will allow some water that
would otherwise be used to generate at Boulder Canyon Hydro to be used for generation at Betasso Hydro
where it will produce higher power sales revenue. Lakewood Hydro will be able to take advantage of these
flows and provide additional hydro generation.
In summary, the major benefit of this project is to increase the reliability of the City's water supply system by
improving two water transmission pipelines carrying water to and from Betasso WTP. Due to the hydro plants on
the end of these pipelines, the project costs can be offset with increased hydro revenues. Additional energy that
is currently lost due to friction in the existing Betasso Penstock from Boulder Canyon Hydro to the Betasso Hydro
can be captured in the form of increased hydropower production. The capture of this lost energy has significant
environmental advantages and increases financial returns from the City's prior investment in the Betasso Hydro.
In addition, conversion of the existing Orodell Pipeline to a discharge pipeline from Betasso Hydro to Boulder
Creek will resolve water quality problems that can arise during hydro capacity tests as well as allow more water to
be run through the hydro plant during capacity tests for increasing hydro revenue.
TCB i AECC9M
Final Summary Report - Betasso Water Treatment Plant Pipelines Project
Page 13
References
Luis Valenzuela. (2003). Lab 6 -Energy and the Environment in My Community.
www.u.arizona.edul-luisv1/. Available: URL http://www.u.arizona.edu/-luisv1/Lab6/Lab-6%20part1.html.
Last accessed 1 February 2005.
TCB I itECfJM
APPENDIX A
Figure 1 -System Schematic
Figure 2 -Conceptual Layout
SCHEMATIC OF CITY OF BOULDER RAW WATER SUPPLYIHYDROPOWER SYSTEM
EL. 8184.48
Siiver Lake Pipeline
SLP Headgate: EL. 9720 i
Como Creek
'y
BARKER
North Boulder Creek ~, - - -~ _,
', Middle Boulder Creek _ _~ ._ _._._.- - - - -'- ~ / '
Barker Gravity _ _ _ , ~
Pipeline --~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Lakewood Pipeline
' , ~ EL. 6430.47
7 BETASSO
KOSSLER HYDRO
EL. 7719.43 RESERVOIR
Boulder Creek ~ ~ New Betasso
Penstock _ - -- WTP Influent
EL. 8185.46
-- tit I HtiSU
Boulder Canyon _ EL. 6400 WTP
Penstock - ,- -
_ "~ ,-~- Existing Orodell Pipeline
Existing Bifurcation ~ PRV ~L [Recycled Pipe] CITY OF BOULDER
,.` y--- EXEMPT CONDUIT
- - - HYDRO FACILITIES
L,-Existing Betasso Penstock /
BOULDER ~ . ORODELL New Orodell Pipeline
CANYON HYDRO HYDRO [Recycled Pipe]
Existing
-------- Proposed
Existing
-----
' ~ Proposed
'_----~
EL. 5885.71
Note: Elevations Shown as XXXX.XX are per March, 2004 Survey
by Survcon Inc of Spillway or Generator Floor
EXISTING LAYOUT PROPOSED LAYOUT
FIGURE 2
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
ORODELL PIPELINE/BETASSO PENSTOCK/RAW WATER DISCHARGE PROJECT
APPENDIX B
Modified Operations
Average Flow per Month
Modified Operations
(3-3-05 Data)
ao
Betasso
f Silver Lake
- -
35
-E3--Lakewood
Q
30 - ,
i
25 -
,
w
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o
-
~
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
Month Average Flow
Betasso Silver Lake Lakewood
(ds) (cfs) (cfs)
Jan 4.03 3.70 4.88
Feb 4.09 4.66 6.02
Mar 4.19 4 59 6.38
Apr 6.62 13.49 18.37
May 12.11 18.96 24.82
Jun 19.47 26.87 30.95
Jul 25.66 28.19 29.51
Aug 2154 16.39 21.58
Sept 22.09 16.01 20.25
Oct 4.58 9.18 11.39
Nov 4.22 5.75 7.07
Dec 4.18 4.12 5.89
Average 11.06 12.66 15.59
CP Payments Mod Ops.xls, Graph 11/2/2006
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Modified Operations
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p2
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p.fae ]5 53 p0 60 31 ]2 61 SB fi1 d2 d5 6t dB 31 d5 80 ]1 58 5J
J] 60 SB St 90 59 51 ]1 56
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p0 6p 31 d0 8] B Bd 3B 53 52 Bd 5] 31 l
1 Bp ]1 58 6d 52
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I.M¢e 30 65 65 35 55 IB 3~ p6 Jt ]1 38 63 96 31 3] ]5 33 31 fi0 d0 51 55 36 31 56 65
P 36 58 Sd 6p 3
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a 195 308 398 38] 28] 26
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1 9 36 R] 191 18] 10
1 tp0 8 80
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0 18 18 Z6] 9 p 309
1JUn 190 309 1 ]09 201 309 1]3 11] 1]I 1]3 ]OB
2JUn 365 1)3 309 308 309 ]09 ]OB 308 309 190 1
1 ]09 JOB JOB ]OB 311
1 9 308 308 180 3]e l 309
3JUn H Z6] 1
0
0 M] 1 b9 309 309 309 399 309 308 308 18 9 308 JpB ]O9 308 ]OB 18 309 30 B 309 JpB JOB 309 l0
j
5 398 308 2fifi 19 308 ]pB J9B lp9 lp8 l08 308 18 9 309 308 308 JOB MB ]pH 398 lOB 191 309 308 309 ]OB 181 ]09 308 30 9 308 M9 JOB J09 2B
1 JWP B 1]3 309
NJ ]OB 308 3JB 308 bB M2 309 308 308 ]OB ]p9 ]09 338 260 308 ]OB 365 308 JpH 3pH JpB ]OH 309 39 H 308 NB ]OB 308 ]p9 3]1 308 308 W8 l 365 3 B 308 399 ]OB M9 39 309 3]B 302 M9
3JW 185 308 339 285 1 9 330 309 200 ]OB 308 388 309 IB] 309 ]OB 338 MB JOB 308 309 308 180 309 30 133 308 ]OB 309 158 ]OB JOB JpB 309 39 385 b9 30] 388 308 Z65 ] 339 MB
20Z 1 8 30p 3 309 288 308 3 ]BB 3]B MB 135 1 B $2] 3 iB3 309 l0
IPUHe 309
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2
1 103 101 3B] 1 1 169 83 B] 3] 11
1 19] 113 309 1 6 256
1PUB 1)5 tJ2 281 B3 158 213 BJ 1)5 1ZH 11fi B3 168 B3 1 316 93 ]2
1 0 BJ 1Jd H A] B1 320 106 1 B] B] tp) 125 139 95 90 212 112 2l5 Ill 39
]
1 152 252 99 13]
0 15] 1pl 131 83
]
5
tp 100 129
2
1 1 i 1 1 91
Sep
1 205 85 90 BJ 18J Jt ]8 Z)2 05 265 20J )2 105 1
209 ]B 6a p0 228 Sp 6p 118 202 BJ 83 21] 51 130 21d 90 Z03 93 H3 ]] 93 93 Z]6 Bl ]9 100 Z55 1 5 B3 389 255 80 96 H9 250 t2p 113 1Z0 00 209
13ep 281 6] 36 263 00 282 151 122 202 ]J 9d 213 2]5 100 282 BO ZBZ H9 1Z5 1 3]l 90 91 202 B1 66 280 268 103 9 302 293 282 283 1pB 0 36] 125 1t] 81 ]9 290
aye 398 85 ] 203 58 1 303 109 23] 118 283 100 282 90 203 B1 269 Z36 Z31 2]1 251 20] 2B] t$] 293 2BZ 3 28J 12J 3 0 2p0 ]6 8] 296
Based on March 3, 2005 Flow Data
Modified Operehons
~P»„-w~.w~.~..~r.w
cv camemaBml
OuaMr Monty fle4vo, Lekawoo0. Sllvarlahe LombinaYOn HyEra Avallabllly -MOEIflaE Opan0lem
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wen
1951 1953 1951 1951 1955 1 1859 1Bfip 1981 1903 1 1965 1B5fi 190] 1859 1 19]2 1 1B)a 18]5 1 1B]I 1818 18]8 1800 1901 1982 1983 99N 1985 1 190] 18M 1808 1890 1999 1 1999 Rvnem
1 1 <
3-IXI I6J 310 311 365 Z10 106 2]0 SS 28a 210 2da 330 319 319 185 I10 193 360 260 113 358 33] 3d2 210 363 260 2]0 3)0 261 2]0 3)0 3]0 3)9 19 16] 169 36] 136 Z)p 368 26'5 Z)0 160 100 260 1 351 105 100
YW 258 310 AB 260 260 105 3fi3 210 313 280 2 ] 26] 2fi0 308 M 5 262 I6B 282 260 330 383 233 210 388 353 350 3]0 MO 3 5 368 2)0 182 260 Ida 36] 2d5 3 3 S2 2)0 2]0 236 260 1 251 185 21p
d~W 285 268 DB 288 38fi iB5 288 ZB
8 33p 3 5 265 238 309 3 9 2d6 308 338 269 23a 231 313 33 5 35I 251 250 105 28] 251 388 328 258 358 2 6 168 258 250 323 288 Ma 1 105
q ] 2]0 211 388 388 1 33 150 211 2d3 38 0 268 308 28 359 331 251 202 3 3 251 169 26 266 28fi 28] 205 3 335 265 266 166 200 285 28] 3 28fi 313 2
112 tOJ 101 156 103 113 113 1 182 113 t 1 I 1]] tOJ 101 I15 1]3 103 108 183 110 11] 110 1 1]] 11) 1
3-Ibv 1d3 1 0 tla 1a6 t13 i60 1]3 1 IlJ I 119 1 1]5 lit 1)3 1 183 119 118 1 t)3 tl) 1
102 1 td3 1]J 113 1 113 1
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2 Dec t6p 13d 158 1d8 1d1 1 J] 135 136 l 1J1 ]0 131 t32 1p8 1 156 153 t60 161 1J1
SDec lfid 1dt 105 1]9 1 156 1 1aJ 1 1]8 131 131 1 »1 t]1 t30 1 135 1 151 1 1fi1 150 115 td2
a0ec 1fi0 1
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t-hn 19d 1 1t9 1t9 A0 1
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1 12E 186 IJl t19 n9 lt9 1 '
11 3 1R6 1 6 3Rfi tP9 119 126
R-Jan 193 1 129 12] 118 118 12d 122 t 119 122 t]1 13d td3 121 915 1 12]
YJen 1I0 128 120 118 t22 130 1 118 118 121 12] 1]d 135 100 1
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2~Mar 151 151 131 96] 1 10fi 161 106 1]1 138 t81 18t t80 1 160 1 166 1 162 160 100 1 182 153 101 t]p
]-Wr 118 1 160 130 10d 138 158 139 1 1JI 150 155 161 100 1]0 153 150 1 158 180 1 150 130 1 1]J
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3 1 153
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1 d1e 211 ]B] d51 018 352 122 300 d 9 HO 385 J96 121 4 d MO N
J d5d 150 ] 151 J98 2]] d50
3~Por J]9 I 308 J08 151 3]0 10I d0
I < J66 39J 1
0 d22 daB 280 000 008 388 3]1 d 11J 1 150 186 110 315 JS] 3]6 9J0 3]2 Nl ds0 WB N 388 132 110 J)6 160 M0 2]B d50
>-Por 1B1 <15 12 ]B3 d51 3 0 J1J >l2 36 283 d25 J83 ]8fi 3]5 351 3
5 l 3p1 J0p J61 ]8] 308 28] 30] a21 3]1 318 359 ]]0 393 3]J ]]2 ]1] 031 382 a5a 300 <32 311 328 333 356
0 ]]5 398 381 1]fi R 0]l ] 115 012 ]38 d
0 d53 ]05 3)2 320 30
1 al3 30 ZI]
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May 600 fid0 d59 0 w d 601 218 881 050 fill 328 d]
0 502 6 1 WO 600 535 0 Fd8 58fi 58fi Bat d69 080 539 SOd 511 d 551 11 SJB 0 ] 565 1 0 565 5 600 565 1
d 6Jt 508 800 505 5 539 1 6d0 810 881 &B 8 0 585 y0 ~0 5 108 565 NO SJO 1 ] HO fi85 6]0 d89 WO WO Y 506 WO Sfi5 52t 691 d
%5 68] &3 ea 5 fiei 6l] 586 1]5 BBJ 555 585 80 1)5 H 5 565 312 U1 611 585 53] 1]5 a18 fi85 d]2 883 883 a]5 BB3 fi85 Yfi O61 Yfi fi85 865 811 d81 831 fi0] 69J SBB 663
0p0 011 8 a 881 881 I08 811 010 01a Bld 81a B a 011 6
] Btd 811 1)1 BBS 605 895 811 ])1 89fi e
695 0 d 01d 1i1 895 0 a Btd 010 011 685 89fi 81a 810 895 0 1 811 Bta 01a 011 B 1 fi85 011 0 1 011 011 811 011 0
095
ID5 BBS fiB1 180 895 09 095 0
5 0 BBS BBfi 888 89fi 095 095 095 895 020 095 8 5 ]03 B
6B BBS 696 B
8
]
80
M5 B)0 628 18a 095 805 83 805 618 BBS BBfi 880 89fi B BBS 095 89fi 62 5 885 BBS 619 6 3B 0 B B
3 BB5 1 885 B9
526 BBS PoB ]]0 5]3 1 0 085 591 122 181 810 085 YO ]03 0 0]5 B IBB B a 085 89fi BBfi )OB 101 888 580 fi]2 ]02 YB 158 895 823 BBfi BBS 011 BB 095
T33 553 NB 5]0 531 0 530 5 dBl 821 805 500 )03 530 558 591 521 500 N Bat 515 5 531 1 508 850 S5
1 686 aB8 5 IBB ]30 Bt0 O80 590 0 d9] 538 53] 5
592 IBB Sl2 a98 886 aB d08 5]d 50d 58] d80 55] 0 10J 65 IBB 660 aB0 dBB 103 665 558 501 505 a0 8~5 0)B d0] 500 525 ail 5 d13 508 aB3 BOB aB1 536 NB fi85
0 yi 163 852 a]] a 6 611 d a 55] 891 513 ]06 5
8 ] S6B 510 fi8d 8]8 518 112 0)B d83 518 523 a90 580 81] 51] 536 51] 510 ]12
088 183 ]p5 5 B 52] ]OS St] 205 5 51d 683 525 511 fi]1 102 10a 110 ]Ofi ]Ofi 91 593 560 858 8 0 Sal 538 Std 501
118 80 518 ]Ofi St1 8 613 1 6 559 Ht 101 1tB ]O6 ] 6 y8 108 538 ]OB 531 ~3 dBB 5
Based on March 3, 2005 Flow Data
Modified Operetions
APPENDIX C
Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
Average Flow per Month -Proposed Conditions
Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
a0 _ ___ ~3-3-05 Data
• Tram Hill PRV
• Betasso
35 +Silver Lake
O Lakewood
30 Q
---
,
~
25 ~ ~
----
w i ~
~
~~
1~ - _ • i
0 20
- ~-
LL 0
i
~
a
15
-
-
-
--
{
i
~
~ i
•
~'O
10 ~
-- ~ - ~ ---
5
- O O
~, ~
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Month
Month
Betasso
(cfs) Average Flow
Silverlake Lakewood
(cfs) (cfs)
Tram Hill PRV
(cfs)
Jan 4.03 3.70 4 88 0.00
Feb 4.09 4.66 6.02 0.00
Mar 4.19 4 59 6 38 0 00
Apr 13.82 13.49 18 76 7 60
May 12.15 18 96 24 80 0 00
Jun 19.47 26.87 30.95 0.00
Jul 25 66 28.19 29 51 0.00
Aug 21.54 16.39 21.58 0.00
Sept 22.08 16.01 20.25 0.00
Oct 4.58 9.18 11.39 0.00
Nov 4.22 5.75 7.06 0.00
Dec 4.18 4 12 5.89 0 00
Average 11.67 12.66 15.62 0.63
CP Payments Mod Ops w CIP Rev F.xls, Graph 11/2/2006
Befasso
puaMr MwMM1 Belnsae HyEm Rvallablllty -MOOMetl OpenYOna wltM1 Cappal lmprovemanµ
Cp x it Kla lrvou P eoue mmmly avenpa eemmnavein Nsl NeupazirypVmenl mresnWe weareecnef I
Oueae~
1950 1831 1953 I95J 1833 1 1966 1961 1959 1959 1
ROn 5] ]9 39 9fi 3B 38 50 ]9 39 lL t9 39 )9 39 Bt 39 39 J9 ]B 39 >B 1R•
30n ]B 105 30 3B JB J9 3Y 60 39 39 JB ]9 3B 38 •J
Odd 3B 39 3B 106 JB 39 38 ]9 ]B JB 39
1
38 d6 lB BS >B dl ]9 39 3B 39 )B J9 56
39 ]9 J9 ]B 39 39 ]9 lB 39 JB 39 6a
39 3B JB )9 J9 09 J9 38
JB 39 00 3B J9 JB 3B J9
39 B] J9
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3
3
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1-Cat 3 ]B ]9 JB ]3
3-~[ JB 39 3B JB 68 39 JB J9 6) 62 3B JB 39 3B 30 ]9
30 ]B 38 ]9 3B 68 ]9 3B 3B 52 38 39 38 39 JB
]B J8 J8 J9 60 39 39 38 38 JB 39 39 ]9 3B 39 86
a
P ]8 38 d0 J8 JB 60 39 ]9 5< 39 39 38 39
30 JB 3B ]9 JB 39 ]8 38 BB d0 39 5]
Nan ]8 ]B ]B J9 JB 5] ]9 ]B 38 ]e ]9 3B 38 39 JB
3Jan 39 ]9 ]B ]9 39 0] 39 39 39 ]9 3B ]9 l9 ]B 39 ]8 39 38 ]8 38 38 39 3B 3B 39 38 39 l9
39 39 39 56 3B 38 JB JB 3B JB J9 5fi 38 ]B ]9 ]9 38 39 38 39 JB 38 ]B 3B 30 38 39 39 39 J9 38
39 39 39 39 39 3B JB <2 38 39 JB JB 5] ]9 39 39 ]9 ]8 ]B JB 39 38 39 39 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 d0 38
~
39 39 39 JB ]B ]8 38 3B ]9 ]B 38 69 39 ]9 3B 39 38 ]9 JB 3B 39 39 39 39 38 ]9 ]9 3B ]8 69 3B 3B 39 39 39 ]9 d 68
JB ]8 ]B ]B ]B ]9 38 39 39 3B 39 69 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 3B 39 39 39 3B ]B 38 6B 38 39 ]9 38 39 39 d1 ]8 fiB
68 9B 39 ]9 39 ]9 3B 39 39 39 ]9 ]9 89 3B 39 ]B 3B 3B
1 39 BB
e ]9 3B iB 39 fig 39 39 3B J9 3B 39 39 39 39 38 39 ]8 l9 JB 5
Pv F 39 39 39 39 39 69 JB iB 3B l8 ]8 ]B ]8 fiB 38 IB JB ]9 J9 ]8 39 ]B ]9 38 39 ]9 39 39 39 39 39 ]9 dR 38
1~Mar 39 13 JB ]8 39 ]9 38 39 03 39 39 39 39 12 39 39 39 ]9 39 ]9 39 39 39 39 ]9 39 39 39 39 ]B 38 8] ]9 38 J9 3B 39 ]9 <1 39 ]2
2-Mar ]B 3B 38 38 iR ]9 ]9 50 39 02 39 51 39 39 39 39 ]B ]8 ]B ]8 3B )2
1R 39 3B 39 39 fi0 39 3B 39 39 39 <0 39 52 39 3B 39 ]B ]B 98 ]B 5] )5
d-Mal ]B JB 3B 39 1] 38 3B ]9 30 JB d] ]9 38
B 9
1 JB J9
l
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1
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] tOJ BD 350 28D R15 21] Rd5 EB2
1 3 2l2 ]9 9t 12d 350 350 180
3pr
t 62 18 32] 115 90 ]2 65 165 39 t]R ]0 60 9 39 3R2 15I ]50 ]9 133 ]2 d]
1 56 ]< 103 V3 91 d9 3a9 0] 90 2D2
1
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l Ppr 39d 66 3B ]50 11J 2]B t8d
1 3B 130 190
~ 59 i0 t33 J8 80 10 350 2I 1
1 r
39
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3-May t09 t
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116
60
212
a
195 196 t95 1 195 1 185 195 195 195 185 185 1 IBS 185 195 1 195 195 196 195 1 5 t85
2 JUn t96 195 t iB5 1 195 1 195 195 195 t95 185 185 1 185 185 1 195 196 tB6 196 tB5 185 tB0 t05
I-Jun t0d 19d tBd tBd t9a 1Ba tBa
t0d t 19d 18d tBa 1
1 JN
3JW 216 2)6 216 216 1 6
I R9D 2i6 215 210 2i6 2l6 Z16 ale 150 3l6
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216
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216
218
332 216 2)8 2le 216 1
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2]6 3i6 122 3)8 2]0 218 2)B 218 123 210 216 2i6 2)6 2
]6
Z]6
236 6
2] 216 3
16
Z]6
251 122 200
216 2 6 216 216 106 J20 150 318 1 2le R 316 3]8 2 6 R39 3)8 318 2]8 2]8 2]8 190 122 t03 2)6 286 2 6 2)6 1R3 320
d 313 2)fi 3 6 221 226 20] 2 6 2]3 1 IB6 2R6 218 RIfi 2)6 Rib l 1 Z16 2 1 238 180 216 td$ 2]6 218 2]6 2]6
a
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85
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2 201 219 2]0 i15 J20 3t8 226 3
39
230 1]2 1
69
312
118
ltt
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05 200 2
le 190 1
60 5
11 211 1
31
106
296
111
261
199
251
310
]10
239 339 2
39 t95 1
61 285 2
65 MB tBB 188 212 28d RI6 239 1
61
339
206
216 65 I20
1PUB 291 236 111 205 65 3 2l9 226 1d5 201 195 R26 1 0 22< 20] 05 R15 ttR 25] 2d1 105 210 2 ] N] 3 B 256 R15 1
1 8 218 181 ]J] 105 215 2]B 215 239 A0 65 331
1fiB 2]0 20J 213 00 Rd3 219 21d 223 18< 3 151 201 115 26< 236 Bi
0 152 289 256 2 0 233 255 385 2l6 135 6] < 231 286 6d 165 2RJ 120 201 251 1dd Rfid 26J 2J0 N 0 211 213
13ep
9 22R 3R0
2-gap tt3 ]13 YO 350 11] 39
1 0 262 209 R t96 t1] 3 113 33t 2Bt 286 ] 5 226 0 260 Y.1
10ep 113 333 350 133 300 113 10] X l 285 2]fi 1]D 3 211 113 N 11J Rdd Rd8 R20 RB2 NS 11J 3 6 261 3 3 290 ] 113 260 ]12 R61 Rd1 11J 258 256 380 3 113 ]50
65 108 113 tfi3 11J 212 11J 288 113 11] 258 113 113 21] 11J 1 11J 11J P6 ~ 3 2i0 lt3 R65 113 R83 136 302 Y1 lt] 311
_ _ _enP _ _
Based on March 3, 2005 Flow Data
Moddied Operetlons wRh Cappal Improvements
~.em.~. Mme,..[~89....rv .1~
Lakewootl
OuaMr MenN l~heweod N)dm RvallaElllry- ModMed Operellona w118 Lapllal Improvemenb
CP 3143 v1 1Ne1e P ewM mmPlymrape eammamuv Nei Ne cepanM NVment NreaFd6 wannacetl 1
z OCi tt5 t54 ttt t t15 115 tt5 t
~ 118 118 fi4 5 5 6 5 15 S 0 4
t13
J
1
t
]-0a 1t5 1t5 tt5 tt5 t 115 ]] tt5 t15 1 t15 1 t33 t t65 1 tt6 tt5 t 116 1 116 t1fi tt5 t15 t t
1R 1
IIS 115 5 dl 5 5 0 5 t15
d9 6
B3
t
115 1t5
5 116 1t6 115 t 116 116 116 1t6 1t6 09 tt3 tt5 t16 t15 t t15 116 t15 t15 1 t15
d
0 122 1 116 113 t 12B 1
e6
115
3 5 6 ;1 5 5 6
116 1t5 10d 1 ll6 55 116 1t5 1 115 B2 126 1d1 t tt5 t30 1 133 lt6 115 t 1t5 t 115 91 1t6 t 1J5 12] 1 1t5 t13 115 13d
2
1
1
1
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1
6
1
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p
1
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S/IVerIB4B
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3RC 151 1 1d0 1 1]d t]8 1]1 1]1 1 155 1 131 13 td3 1
1 t5B 15d 1 180
1 Cec 156 1 1a1 110 1d1 tdp 1]0 110 1 161 105 102 180 16B 151 100 1]0 1]6 1
I 160 1 180 15R 161 112
15 1d3 153 1J6 1 d 1]1 1]8 135 13] 1 13) 1
] 155 100 Id0 1]1 1]3 150 15 1 158 152 151
115 1 12d 118 119 20 1 13 138 t 13 1]5 131 138 138 138 11B 1
118 1$] 116 118 t2a t22 1
1 t3] 13d 1 120 1 11]
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1 135 135 13] t 13]
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11B 133
119
11B
11B
123 121
130
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11B it8
11B
131
11B
120 t19 t]8 t3B 1>5 1]J
119 121
56
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13)
118 118 11B 136 118 128 128 118 118 110 110 120 110 1 191 131 110 110 110 118 id1 12d 118 l10 101 11d 13i f36 11B 11B 121 192 1J3 1 ld3 12fi IJO 13J 135
Mere 130 103 11B 1
~ 118 128 128 121 119 131 13 t19 1
9 1 5 119 t]5 130 13] 126 t19 131 110 105 1
:
S'
; 135 135 1]2 120 116
1]1 1
a 1] 1J1 152 15) 158 150 1d8 119 t]3 108 1d5 110 10] 1 113 131 13 1<5 t61 100 150 13] t81 lafi 15] 156 1J1 1<i 160 155 1
' 150 155 15] 15d td8
Bfe r31 1<3 1 1d6 10t 109 168 151 A 118 1fi0 151 131 1fi0 161 NB 161 tdl 52 1 131 n5• u8
1Fee
196 131 13a Id] 11) t]1 113 151 1 152 1 118 lfil 116 IJ1 180 1fi0 1d6 1fi1 taB 1
5<
51 uB
136 t31 113 td5 1]6 »1 101 1
8 150 1
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111 156 118 lBt laB 1]1 16t 1d5 td3
61 160 1
59 133
18
1
a 1iB 1]] 113 1a9 110 101 110 1 2 1
1 1 0 155 112 1 118 159 151 1i1 158 15] dB 16p 1d8 165 1 151 w0
1 Mar fad 13a 153 130 1]0 1 151 1 101 1 161 1 1
2 1 1J5 1 166 161 1 i5a 1 155 1 0 1fi0 1]d 1 1 1]0 151 15] 1fi0 165 1 155 155 1 15] 160
3 Mar t10 131 138 1 113 1 t6d 1 160 1Jd 1i0 11] 1 la0 180 1fi8 1 161 t3a
SrNr 1ifi t01 1 IS) 161 130 1 150 1]9 f
1 158 155 1]5 108 11] 15fi 1]d 168 166 1 106 150 »I
a.Fyr 115 t I]2 I 16B 162 158 1]5 151 tl5 IJS 1 1J5 1 150 1fi0 1
1
5
1
1 150 159 135 155 159 1dp 1
1 »5 189
13 1 163 1 16J 1 10 td d0 5 161 16J 1] 1d6 1 15B 1fi6 118 1 1
0 15 13 15 163 1d6 1 1J3 1
0 101 ifi0 td8 158 1
1 113 1
1Po~ 59] 0 531 138 2 586 L] 858 ]d1 SJ) d Y8 512 1]2 aB0 Sr6 585 a00 552 6 9 63J fi11 615 Sp1 6f
.o 0 S3 12 531 516 dd] 526 S1J l 563 65 )21
Z-Por dB1 38B 52J 090 a 0 ]]0 dB0 ]00 d29 d19 d]9 0i1 091 031 523 108 386 802 119 02J J50 ]JO 503 3]2 s00 Ld B 56] SJ6 1 009 M ]90 a5] dJ5 d36 1
3Mr ] 353 JBl 183 5]1 ]52 8]0 ]13 3)2 38] l 015 091 ]51 1 3]3 10 301 0 2 ]00 5 151 <10 311 001 09B ]]0 I1B N3 I)0 JB3 JJJ ] HS 088 <]2 500 d6d ]3J <33
V 335 0
35
390
521
3BB
6J0
139
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93]
dB9 d06 d5B 506 d5] dB1 d30 dB] Sld 506 501 550 ]]1 32p L
10
d 0
5B J1J 516 3
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56
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3
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115
132
691
1]9
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NB 315 3)d N1 d26 d 039 5 2]1 6B1
MeY 111 502 2]9 881
3May B 6Bd 168 502 fill 800 8a0 535 1]] 5)8 0)] 8 5 565 H 1]1 585 510 592 We 805 %5 095 538 552 d6d 53B d 1 SBS d p 585 130 Ha 01] 16 550
1May p 680 fi31 585 YO 585 585 111 8 610 5 d80 565 8<0 530 d a 565 6
M 0 585 531 Ha 01] 1 NJ
565 BBd 6B0 N 585 0 0 585 3 0]5 1 8 SBO d12 681 680 d d 555 181 538 68d Md N8
e d 01d Btd 01d 0 d BB< 6Bd 68d ]6B 6)1 B11 011 81d 01d Btd 0 d BB0 BB1 B1d 1 ])1 61]
1 685 O
d 01d 011 01d Bid 811 B1d 895 6B5 Btd 1 t fi95 B1d 011 61d Std 010 0 0 8B5 811 Btd 0 ]61 695
6B5 81d 01d 811 01d Bt0 810 B1d BBS BBS Btd Btd 895 011 B11 81d 010 01d B d 01d 0 895 Bld Btd 01d B 095
158
BB5 0 BBS BBS BBS ] B BB5 0 6 085 BBS 885 BBS BB5 016 0 095 ] 095 BBS BBS BBS BBS B88 8B5 BBS BB5 B 095 095 895 086
}3W
] 5 B11 BB5 6 095 095 885 0 095 50) BBS BBS BBS BBS BB5 633 BB6 ]30 0 098 895 82]
536 0B5 806 1
p 5)J ]61 580 085 581 ]22 )B1 810 BBS 591 10] 095 80) 016 BS] 095 BBS BB5 528 095 BIS B85 ]<d d80 895 085 ] ] 588 580 8]2 ]02 Mfi ]58 B85 623 BBS BBS 5 1BB B85
-Pup deB 59] 558 511 55< IBI B21 605 500 ]B3 530 55B 5g] 521 580 511 1
I 2 535 550 1B8 082 53] 535 51] 53<
3PUB 62 OBB SSB 51d N1 NB 56] d 1)p 6 de0 59B IBB 1 521 5
J 0 )1] 500 509 1)1 dB8 a8] 518 Sld %B SJ6 1
~ 531 580
5]2 d96 6B6 dB0 000 831 OBB 5ld 500 56) MO 55] YB 538 018 OBB 555 0)2 180 509 521 aBB dB] 185 IBB Efip 18] 500 525 011 51B d12 Sd8 d 606
d5d
]12 d 10] d5] 652 d1) dB] 511 )OS 518 518 811 1]0 553 6 ) 51] 108 516 518 518 521 522 ] 0 505 500 518 518 889 N6 502 611 6 1 56B 5 p 580 81] 5d1 536 Sd] 510 11[
B 1 BB6 d8] ]OS 5)a 515 ]OS aB8 518 8 ]OS 5 2 Spl 8 8 Ste 51d ]p5 Sta a80 ) 1 082 315
? p 558 890 Bat 539 51d LI 11)
65e IBB 106 108 d18 6Bd ]OB 533 8 3 1p6 699 e1] ]09 106 550 )t6 ]OS 516 516 559 60 a ]OB Sli ¢e] dB9 516
Based on March 3, 2005 Flow Data
Modified Operations with Capital Improvements
a
APPENDIX D
Economic Analyses
BETASSO WATER TREATMENT PLANT PIPELINES PROJECT -TOTAL MW-HR PRODUCTION vs. COAL USAGE
Assumptions: -Analysis Assumes All Options Start in 2007
- Total Unit MW-hr = (Calculated Annual MW-hr) x (Expected Life)
- Total Option MW-hr =Sum of Total Unit MW-hr
- Equivalent coal factor = 0.515 tons of coal per MW-hr
- Equivalent SOz factor = 0.0015 tons SOZ per ton of coal
- Equivalent NO, factor = 0.0030 tons NO„ per ton of coal
- Equivalent COz factor = 1.01 tons COz per ton of coal
Expected Calculated Total Unit Total Incremental Change' Equivalent z Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent
Option Unit Life Annual Option Amount of Coal Amount of SOz Amount of NOx Amount of COz
(yrs) MW-hr MW-hr MW-hr MW-hr (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons)
BH 50 7763 388,150
Modified Operations SL 50 11787 589,350 1,794,200
LW 50 16334 816,700
Modified Operations BH 50 8793 439,650 51,500 26,500 40 80 26,800
with Capital SL 50 11787 589,350 1,845,700 0 0 0 0 0
Improvements LW 50 16334 816,700 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 51,500 26,500 40 Su Lti,tfUU
Silver Lake. SL, Lakewood: LW, Betasso Hydro: BH
Notes: t. The incremental change reflects the difference between Modified Operations and Modified Operations with Capital Improvements.
2 The equivalent amount of coal quantifes the amount of coal regwred to produce the MW-hrs in the chart.
3. The equivalent amount of gases (SOz, NO„, and COz) quantifies the amount of gases that would be released into the environment if coal were used to
produce the energy.
4. Source data for the equivalent amount of coal and gases comes from a study pertormed by the University of Arizona.
mATRIX Final Rev F.xls, MW-hr Calculation 11/2/2006
PRESENT WORTH VALUE OF BETASSO SILVER LAKE AND LAKEWOOD CAPACITY PAYMENTS 8 GENERATION REVENUES
Sliver Lake. Lakewood. and Betasso
Monthly Capaaty Payment (CP) _ $ 17 84 per kW when Capacity Facor> 50% Present Worth Discount Rate = 4
Monthly Capaaty Payment = $ 8 92 per kW when Capaaty Factor < SO
Betasso (50 year) Silver Lake (50 year) Lakewootl (50 ear) Total The higher capaary
Capaaty kW 20-mch %Capaaty kW CP Revenue %Capaaty kW CP Revenue Total Revenue payment is
9fi% 2544 $ 22 fi92 99% 3171 $ 28
285 149% 3509 $ 31,300 $ gp,278 obtained only when
98% 2544 $ ,
22 692 737% 3171 $ ,
28,285 194% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 82,278 the total generation
102% 2544 $ ,
22 692 134% 3171 $ 28
285 209% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 82,278 is hal(or more of
200% 2544 $ ,
22 692 463% 3171 $ ,
28
285 fi41% 3572 $ 31,300 $ 82,278 the total capaary
407% 2544 $ ,
66 206 645% 3228 $ ,
57
588 838% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 167,518 (9,390kW).
646% 2590 $ ,
46 206 886% 3228 $ ,
57
588 1001% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 167,518 This check is
810% 2590 $ ,
46 206 924% 3228 $ ,
57
588 965% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 167,518 Performed in the
70 5% 2590 $ ,
46 206 561 % 3228 $ ,
57,588 74 2% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 167,518 CP Revenue
720% 2590 $ ,
46 206 548% 3228 $ 57,588 701% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 167,518 columnfor each
118% 2544 $ ,
22 692 309% 3171 $ 28,285 399% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 82,278 Plant
103% 2544 $ ,
22, 692 180% 3171 $ 28,285 235% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 82,278 1/2 gen=4695kW
10 2 % 2544 $ 22, 692 11 6 % 3171 $ 28,285 18 9 % 3509 $ 31,300 $ 82,278
xearry= a soa,ara
Present Worth CP Revenue = $ 8,710,400
$10,856,513
$12,013,569 E 31,580,482
74% 3143 $ 28
036 99% 3171 $ 28,285 149% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 87,621 Total Capaaty =
76% 3143 $ ,
28,036 137% 3171 $ 28,285 194% 3509 $ 31,300 $ B7,fi21 10,000 kW
79% 3143 $ 28
036 134% 3171 $ 28,285 209% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 87,621
392% 3143 $ ,
57
088 463% 3171 $ 57,588 654% 3572 $ 63.724 $ 178,400 i/2 Capaaty=
34 0 % 3143 $ ,
57,088 64 5 % 3228 $ 57,588 83 8 % 3572 $ 63,724 $ 178,400 5,000 kW
560% 3200 $ 57.088 886% 3228 $ 57,588 1000% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 178,400
737°0 3200 $ 57,088 924% 3228 $ 57,588 965% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 178,400
620% 3200 $ 57,088 561% 3228 $ 57,588 742% 3572 $ 63,724 $ 178,400
63 6 % 3200 $ 57,088 54 8 % 3228 $ 57,588 70 1 % 3572 $ 63,724 $ 178,400
93% 3143 $ 28.036 309% 3771 $ 28,285 399% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 87,621 Difference from
80% 3143 $ 28,036 180% 3i71 $ 28,285 235% 3509 $ 31,300 $ B7,fi21 Modified
79% 3143 $ 28.03fi 116% 3171 $ 28,285 189% 3509 $ 31,300 $ 87,621 Operations
rearry= a su,rci
Present Worth CP Revenue = $11 410,728
$11,511,168
$12,737,974 $ 35,659,870 E 4,079,388
Caoacity Payment Revenues
Betasso Present Worth CP Revenue =
50 years @ 4 % Dismount Rate
Sllver Lake Present Worth CP Revenue =
50 years @ 4 % Dismount Rats
Lakewootl Present Worth CP Revenue =
50 years @ 4 % Dismount Rats
Total Present Worth CP Revenue =
MW-hr Revenues
Betasso Present Worth $0 02 kW-hr Revenue =
50 years @ 4% Dismount Rals
Silver Laka Present Worth $0 02 kW-hr Revenue =
50 years @ 4% Discount Rate
Lakewootl Present Wodh $0 02 kW -hr Revenue -
50 years @ 4 % Dismount Rats
Total Present Worth CP Revenue =
Total Revenues (Present Worth1
Berassc
Sllver Lake
Lakewooc
Mod O w/CIPS Difference
$ 8,710,400 $ 11,410,728 $ 2,700,328
$ 10,856,513 $ 11,511,168 $ 654,655
$ 12,013,569 $ 12,737,974 $ 724,405
$ 31,580,482 $ 35,659,870 $ 4,079,388
Mod Ops w/CIPS DlHerenee
E 3,468,928 E 3,924,529 $ 455,fi03
E 5,266,966 E 5,268,966 $ -
E 7,298,793 E 7,298,793 $ -
$ 16,034,685 $ 16,490.288 $ 455,fi03
Motl O s w/ CIPS DlHerenee
$ 12,179,326 $ 15,335,257 $ 3,155,931
$ 16,123,479 $ 16,778,134 $ fi54,fi55
$ 19,312,362 $ 20,036,767 $ 724,405
$ 4,534,991
Present Worth Rev F ds 11/2/2006