HomeMy WebLinkAbout10 - University Hill Parking & Access Study'
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University Hill
Parking & Access Study
University Hill General Improvement District
December 3, 2004
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Multidisaplined. Single Source.
Trusted solutions for more chan 75 years.
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' University Hill Parking and
Access Study
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University Hill
' General Improvement District
Boulder, Colorado
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' SEH No. BOULD 0502
' December 3, 2004
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION / OVERVIEW ........................................................................................1
' 1.1 Study Area .....................................................................................................................................1
12 Previous Studies ............................................................................................................................3
1.3 City of Boulder Transportation Master Plan ..................................................................................3
, 2.0 PARKING INVEWTORY ...................................................................................................4
2.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................6
22 Utilization of Commeroial Parking .................................................................................................7
' 2.3 Utilization by Type of Space ........................................................................................................ 10
2.4 Availability of Non-Metered On-Street Parking Spaces .............................................................. 11
' S.0 UHGID USER SURVEY ................................................................................................. 12
3.1 Survey Participants ...................................................................................................................... 12
' 3.2 Survey Resutts ............................................................................................................................ 13
4.0 CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 15
' 4.1
42 Summary of Conclusions .............................................................................................................
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Tables
' Table 1 Commercial Parking Spaces ................................................................................... 5
Table 2 Parking Lots ............................................................................................................ 6
Table 3 On-Street Non-Metered Parking Spaces ................................................................. 6
, Table 4 Inventories ............................................................................................................... 7
Table 5 Weekday Parking Utilization and Parking Trends .................................................... 8
Table 6 Saturday Parking Utilization .................................................................................... 9
' Table 7 Commercial Parking Utilization by Area ................................................................... 10
Table 8 Parking Utilization, On-Street Metered and Lot Parking ........................................... 10
' Table 9 Utilization of Parking Meters .................................................................................... 11
Table 10 On-Street Parking Availability Outside the Commercial District ............................. 12
Table 11 Intercept Survey Participants ................................................................................. 13
' Table 12 User Survey Results .............................................................................................. 14
Table 13 UHGID Mode Split Compared to Boulder Valley Averages .................................... 14
' Table 14 Where did You Park? Day vs. Evening .................................................................. 15
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' Short Elliott Hendridcson Inc.
' University Hili Parking & Access Study - DRAFT Page i
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Figures
Figure 1 - Study Area
F1gure 2 - Parking Areas
Figure 3- Peak Hour Parking Utilization - W eekday Day
Figure 4- Peak Hour Parking Utilization - Weekday Evening
Figure 5- Peak Hour Parking Utilization - Saturday Day
Fiyure 6- Peak Hour Pa~lcing Utilization - Saturday Evening
Figure 7- Parking Utilization by Time of Day
Attachments
A1 - Survey Sheet
A2 - Detailed Parking Space Inventory
' snort Euion Henddc~cson +nc.
' University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFT Page ii
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' University Hill
' Parking and Access Study -DRAFT
' University Hill General Improvement District
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' 1.0 INTRODUCTION / OVERVIEW
' The Universiry Hill Pasking and Access Study is an assessment of the supply
of corrunercial pazking and of the accessibility of University Hill for the
University Hill General Improvement District (UHGID). The study aiso
' examines potential impacts to noncomtrercial on-strcet pazking. The goal of
the project is to quantify the availability of pazking in the commercial district
and to assess the ability of customers and employees of the district to access
' the area. Current parking conditions are compared to the results of two
previous studies completed in 1993 and 1998 to identify trends in pazking
availabi-ity.
, T'he study inciudes both a pazking inventory and user survey to identify
pazking characteristics. As with the 1993 and 1998 studies, the Parking
' Inventory identifies the type and location of each pazking space, then tracks
udlization over a typical weekday. Additional inventories were conducted on
a weekday after 6:00 PM and over the course of a Saturday in order to
identify pazking use during these times.
~ The User Survey is an intercept survey of individuals in the study area over
a variety of time periods. Survey results are used to measure the mode and
, origin by which individuals are accessing the Hill and to compaze this
accessibility to the City as a whole. Individuals were chosen at random and
asked four questions about their origin, purpose, mode use, and pazking
' location.
The results of these assessments are summarized in tlus report in order to
provide informltion on parking use and access to propeRy owners,
' businesses, and City o~cials and to aid in future land use and pazking
investment decisions.
' 1.1 Study Area
The study area for this parking study includes the University Hill General
' Improvement District Area (UHGID) and the pazking areas surrounding it.
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~ Pazking includes:
^ iJHGID on-street metered spaces (142 spaces)
• University Avenue on-street metered spaces (92 spaces)
, ^ UHGID lot spaces (107 metered and 46 permiy
^ Private lots for commercial customers and/or employees (121 spaces).
^ Non-metered on-street spaces surrounding the UHGID district but not
, wiUun the Neighborhood Permit Pazking area (620 spaces)
^ Neighborhood Permit Pazking spaces (140 spaces)
Figure 1(attached) shows the parking supply for the study area and indicates
, areas of on-street metered parking; lot parking; on-street non-m~tered
pazking; and Neighborhood Pazking Permit (NPP) parking. Each block of
wmmercial parking has been assigned a Block ID number and each pazking
, lot a Lot ID in order to identify parking use and to track pazking utilization
from previous studies.
It is impotYant to note that this study dces not include all the non-metered on-
' street pazking, nor does it examine the entire NPP area.
' Neighborhood Parking Permit Program
The Neighborhood Pemtit Parldng (NPP) program was adopted by the City
Council in May 1997 to update and improve the City's Residendal Parking
Permit program. The NPP was designed to improve the balance between
, preserving neighborhood character and providing public access to
community facilities. NPP pazking restrictions limit on-street pazking in the
zone for vehides without a parking pernut. Vetticles without an NPP permit
' tnay park one time only per day per zone for the posted time limit and may
not repazk in ttiat zone again on the same day. Vehicles with a valid permit
, are exempt from these posted pazking restrictions.
Residents who live within an NPP zone may purchase up to two resident
permits and receive up to two visitor passes per residence per year.
, Businesses located within a zone may purchase up to three pernuts for use by
employees and may appiy for additional employee parking permits if
necessary.
' The NPP program was established on University Hill to discourage use of the
on-sa~eet non-metered pazking spaces by those commuting to or visiting the
' University Campus. Pazking restrictions in the NPP zone restricts parking of
non-pemutted vehicles to 2 hours on weekda
s from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
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l~nd Use
' The University Hill General Improvement District contains approximately
207,000 square feet of comcnercial, office and retail space. Approximately 40
percent of tlvs space is general retail uses; 27 percent is restaurant and bar
~ use; 18 percent service; and the remainder a combinadon of office and
medical uses.
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1.2 Previous Studies
UHGID has completed two previous studies on pazking. Each contains an
inventory of available pazking spaces and calculates parking use by recording
average occupancy over the course of a weekday.
1993 UHGID Parking and Financial Study
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The University Hill General Improvement District Parkine and Financial
Studv was completed in June 1993. The study examined pazking in the
LTHGID on Thursday September 24, 1991. A total of 528 spaces were
inventoried from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Occupancy of ~tered pazking (61
percent) was compared to off-street permit pazking and private lots with
average daily occupancies of 52 pe~ent. The conclusions of the 1993 study
were that parking is generaliy available throughout the day. Pereeption of
lack of pazking was attributed to circulation pattems and limited inforn~adon
about location of pazking.
1998 UHGID Porking I/tilization Update
The LJI-IGID Parking Utilizadon Studv - Update inventoried a tatal of 528
spaces and recorded cecupancy from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM on a tyQical
weekday in September 1998. The Update found no increase in average daily
parking occupancy for on-street metered spots between 1993 and 1998.
However, peak occupancy did rise from 73 percent to 83 percent overall. The
study noted an increase in both daily average occupancy and peak occupancy
of pazldng lots. Average daily parking was 60 percent for both on-strcet
meters and non-metered lots. Maximum occupancy was 83 percent for on-
stceet meters and 72 percent for the par}ang lots. Occupancy for two on-street
non-metered block faces was recorded as well. Both were found to be 100
percent occupied at all dmes.
The current study differs from the previous two in several ways. Both the
hours of inventory and days were extended for the current study to include
parking utilization on weekday nights and for 16 hours on Saturday. In
addition, many private Iots that were excluded from previous studies were
included in the inventory. Iastly, a"spot-check" of parking utilization
outside of the ~tered pazking district was conducted to utcasure parking use
of the non-metered spaces (both NPP and non-NPP) direcdy surrounding the
district.
1.3 City of Boulder Transportation Master Plan
The City of Boulder's approach to providing automobile pazking is part of a
broader transportation access system integrating mulriple modes including
automobiles, transit, pedestrians and bicycles. Pazking districts were created
in the 1970's in the two historic commercial areas - downtown and the hill -
to address district wide pazking management. These districts are the
University Hill General Improvement District (UHGID), and Central Area
General Improvement District (CAGID). Both districts have purchased land
and constructed pazking facilides to serve the needs of each wmmeccial
district. Pazking manage~nt in CAGID and UHGID is an essentiai
component balancing the following factors: responding to supply and
demand, providing for the diverse needs of many users, maintaining
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competitiveness with other commercial areas, and encouraging and
supporting the City's goals of altemadve modes of transpoRation.
The most recent update to the City of Boulder Transportadon Master Plan
was completed in September 2W3. The TMP Update retains the goals and
objecflves of the previous plans. These include:
^ Continued progress toward no growth in long-term vehicle traffic;
^ Reduce single-0ccupant-vehicle travel to 25 percent of trips;
^ Con6nued reduction in mobile source emissions of air pollutants;
^ No more than 20 percent of roadways congested (at Levei of Service
[LOS] F~;
^ Expand fiscally viable trausportadon alternatives for all Boulder residents
and employees, including the elderly and those with disabilities; acd
increase transportation alternatives commensurate with the rate of
employee growth.
Pazking in the commereial districts, including UHGID, plays an important
role in meeting the City's transportation goals. The establishment of
commerciai districts to manage pazking needs and to develop the
Transportation Demand Management programs was a necessary step to
controlling congestion and reducing the long-term growth in use of single
occupant vehicles.
This study will help detemtine how well iIHGID is meeGng these goals of
maacimizing access while mainfaining the high use of altemate transpoRadon
modes.
' 2.0 PARKING INVENTORY
The inventory of commercial pazking spaces within study area counted a
' total of 538 commercial parldng spaces along 24 block faces and 10 parking
lots. Spaces included 347 metered pazking spaces, 46 LTHGID commuter
pernut pazking spaces, and 120 private com~rcial lot parking spaces for
' customers and/or employees. T'he inventory also identified 25 pazking spaces
that were either taxi stands, loading zones, or motorcycle spaces scattered
tluoughout the study area.
' Commercial Parking Areas
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Figure 2 shows the locadon of each metered block face and commercial
pazking lot within the study area along with the number of pazking spaces fa
each. Block faces and lots are combined into four separate parking areas in
order to best identify areas of high parking utilization. These four areas area
include:
^ East University: On-strcet metered spaces alon~ University Ave east of
Broadway and south of University on 13'" and 15 Street.
^ North UHGID: On-street ~tered and commercial lot parking between
University Avenue and Pennsylvania Avenue. Includes private lots A, B
and D, and the IJI-IGID lot C on Pleasant Strcet.
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, ^ Central UHGID: Commercial pazlung spaces between Pleasant Street
and College Avenue. Includes the UHGID lot I and al the private lots on
either side of 13`" Street.
^ South UHGID: All the non-residential pazking spaces south of College
, Avenue, including the UHGID F lot and on-street meters along College
and 13~' Street.
' Commercia[ Parking
Management of commercial pazking within the study area is the
' responsibility of the University of Colorado, iJHGID, and private lot owners.
Table 1 identifies the total number of on-street parking spaces and lot
pazking spaces for each managing entity. T'he University Hill General
, Improvement District manages a total of 325 spaces - 139 spaces at on-street
pazking meters and 156 spaces in pazking lots. The University of Colorado
manages 92 on-street metered spaces. Individual businesses in the District
provide an additional 121 spaces for employees and/or customers in
, privately-owned lots or in the alleyways behind their businesses. Permit
spaces managed by the University were not included in the inventories. Nor
were privately owned residential lots, since neither are available to the
' general public. Detailed information on the pazking spaces and a comparison
with the 1991 inventory is contained in Attachment 2(attached).
' Table 7
Commercial Parking Spaces
On-Street On-Street
' Metered Loading Parking Lot
UHGID 151 18 156
Universiry of Colorado 92 - WA•
' Private Commercial 121
Total Commercial Spaces 243 18 277
' • University W Colorado manaped parkinp lots are not included
Parking Lots
' The study area includes 10 pazking lots, labeled A through J in Figure 2.
These lots include three "publid' lots (Lot C, I,ot I, and Lot ~ managed by
LTHGID, and seven privately owned lots that are used by employees and
~ customers of the adjacent businesses. Alley pazking, available to employees
in many of the businesses, has been grouped into ttu~ee lots (Lot D, Lot E,
and Lot J). Table 2 lists all ten pazking lots within the study azea and
' iden6fies the'v description, number of spaces and type.
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Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc.
, University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFf Page 5
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Table 2
, Parking Lots
Public /
, Lot ID Private Description Spacas Type
Lot A Private University Avenue Lot 7 For employees end / or customers
Lot B Private Universiry Avenue Lot 25 For employees and / or customers
Lot C Public UHGID Pleasant Street 65 Meters end UHGID permit spaces.
' Lot D Private Elwood Property 11 Alley behind businesses.
Lot E Private 13"' Alley West 27 Alley behind 13"' SVeet.
Lot F Public UHGID 14"' Street 53 UHGID meters.
1 Lot G Private Bookstore Parking 14 Customer perking.
Lot H Private Art Hardware 14 Customer parking.
Lot I Public UHGID / CU Penn Ave 38 UHGID meters.
, Lot J Public 131h Street Nley - East 23 Alley behind businesses.
' On-Street Non-Metered
A separate inventory of 620 on-street non-metered spaces and 160 on-street
Neighborhood-Permit-Parking (NPP) spaces was completed in ocder to
' identify use of on-street parking adjacent to the commercial area. These non-
metered on-street spaces are tradiaonally used by adjacent residential units,
' however, the proximity of these "free" spaces close to the commercial
district creates the passibility of their use being impacted by commercial
activity.
' Table 3
On-SVcet Non-Metered Parking Spaces
' Type EsUmated Spaces'
Neighborhood Pertnit Parking 160
Non-Neighborhood Pertnit Parking 620
' Total Non-Commerclal 780"
' Based on visual estimate of speces (on-street ran-metered speces are wvnarke~
"TOtal is for on-sUeet {7erklnp within the ahdy are9 oNy.
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2.1 Methodology
, To update the past inventories, four sepazate inventories of parking
availability were conducted over the course of one week in mid-September
2004. Inventory dates were chosen that would represent a"typical" weekday
, and a"typical" Saturday for the University District. Typical Saturday
included an away football game with cleaz weather and a moderately popular
concert at one of the azea venues.
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Table 4 lists the four inventories conducted for the UHGID pazking study.
Inventory #1 and # 2 included hourly counts of parking udlizadon for 271
on-street spaces and 11 pazking lots (285 spaces) within the immediate
vicinity of the study area. Each inventory recorded the location and type of
each pazking space and occupancy over a 16 hour ti~ period. Inventories
were conducted hourly from 9:00 AM until 7:00 PM and every two hours
from 7:00 PM undl 1:00 AM.
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Table 4
Inventories
Date Time Spaces Frequency
#1 Saturday Inventory 9/11/04 9:00 AM -1:00 AM Metered Spaces Hourly
#2 Weekday Inventory 9/15/04 9:00 AM -1:00 AM Metered Spaces Hou~1y
N3 Saturday Night 9/15/04 9:00 PM -11:00 PM Non-metered Spot Check
Y4 Sunday Night 9/16/04 9:00 PM -11:00 PM Non-metered Spot Checlc
Inventory #3 and #4 consisted of a spot check of non-metered on-street
spaces that have utilization approaching 100 percent. Inventories of these
azeas were conducted from 9:00 PM - 10:00 PM on Saturday night, then
again for the same hours Sunday night.
2.2 Utilization of Commercial Parking
Tables 5 and 6(next page) show the recorded hourly parking udlizaGOn for
each block face and pazking lot in the study area. Table 5 also includes a
summary of average daily occupancy and maximum ocwpancy for
compazison with the 1993 and 1998 findings.
Figures 3-6 (attached) show peak-hour pazking utilizadon for a weekday day,
1 weekday evening, Saturday day, and Saturday evening. Peak-hour parking
for the weekday day is Noon to 1:00 PM when 67 percent of spaces are
occupied. Peak hour for weekday evening is from 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM,
' 11:00 AM to Noon on Satwday day and 10:00 PM to 11:00 PM on Saturday
evening.
, Hourly utilization is based on the percentage of occupied parking spaces for
each block face at each hour of the day. Because parking availability requires
a certain amount of parking to be available at any one time, block faces, lots,
' and areas that were more than 85 percent full are considered "fully udlized."
Areas between 75 percent and 85 percent full are identified as "pazdally
utilized." Areas less than 75 percent full aze considered "under-utilized."
' Figure 7(attached) shows the boundary and parking utiliza6on for each
pazking area and a graph showing udlization over the course of a typical
weekday and Saturday. Daytime utilization for all four parking areas remains
' below 75 percent. However, parking spaces along several of the block faces
fill up during the lunch hours. In the evening, parking fills up quickly and
pazking along East University Avenue and within the South iJI-IGID area
~ approach full capacity.
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Table 5
Weekday Parking Utilization and Parking Trends
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KEY ~ ='UNDER UTILIZED" ~ ='PARTIALLY UTILIZED" ~ _ "FULLY UTILIZED'
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Table 6
Saturday Parking Utilization
Table 7 identifies the peak parking hour and occupancy of each area for both
the average weekday and Saturday. Peak daily occupancy ranges from 68
percent during the week for North UHGID, to 97 percent for the South
LJHGID area.
Parking utilization on Saturdays is low for much of the area during the day.
Most of the parking use is in the Central Parking area and utilization declines
further away from 13`~ Street. Utilization increases significantly in the
evening, especially from 10:00 PM to 11:00 PM when parking along many of
the block faces and lots is fully utilized.
, Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc.
University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFT Page 9
KEY: ~ _ "UNDER UTILIZED" ~ _ "PARTIALLY UTILIZED" ~ _ "FULLY UTILIZEC
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Table 7
Commercial Parking Utilization by Area
Weekday
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Saturday
Parking Area Peak Hour Occupaney Pesk Hour Occupancy
East Universfty 6 PM - 7 PM 95 % 7 PM - 8 PM 87 %
North UHGID 7 PM - 8 PM 68 % 10 PM -11 PM 87 %
Central UHGID 7 PM - 8 PM 74 % 10 PM -11 PM 82 %
South UHGID 7 PM - 8 PM 97 % 10 PM -11 PM 93 %
2.3 Utilization by Type of Space
Table 8 shows average utilization for daytime during m~tered hours (9:00
AM- 6:00 PM) and evening hours (6:00 PM - 1:00 AM) for each type of
parking space in the study area. Changes in utilization from day to evening or
discrepancies between different types of spaces can indicate opportunities to
increase the eff'iciency of pazking spaces. Many of the lot spaces, both
metered and customer lots, appear underutilized throughout the day and
evening. Lot A, Lot C, and much of the alley pazking for customer and
employees is in this category.
' On-Street Metered Parking
Average utilization for all the on-street a~tered pazking is 58 percent during
the day when the meters are operating and 81 percent in the evening when
' metered spaces become unrestricted. Evening udlizadon is even higher for
the UHGID spaces, with the average meter occupied for 5 out of the 6
evening hours
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Table 8
Parking Utilization, On-Street Metered and Lot Parking
' Daytime Evening
(9 AM - 6 PM) (6 PM -1 AM)
Hours of Percent Houn of Percent
' Parking Space Type Use Occupled Use Occupied
On-Street
Metered 5 hr 15 min 58 % 4 hr 51 min 81 %
, UHGID meters 5 hr 0.5 min 56 % 5 hr 06 min 86 %
Parking Lots
Metered (UHGID) 4 hr 40 min 52 % 5 hr 20 min 89 %
' Permit (UHGID) 4 hr 51 min 54 % 3 hr. 07 min 52 %
Private Lots 5 hr 26 min 60 % 3 hr 07 min 52 %
, ALL 5 hr 06 min 57 % 4 hr 2S min 7S %
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' Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc.
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, Daytime udlizadon of inetered spaces dces appear to depend on the type of
metec The 10-hour spaces and customer pazking have the highest average
utilization during the day. The taxi zone and 2-hour spaces have the highest
' at night, as the taxi zones become acdve and as customers take advantage of
the lack of dme-limit or chazge on the close-in spaces. Average udlization of
different meter types are shown in Table 9.
' Table 9
Utilization of Parking Meters
Day[(me Evening
, (9 AM - 6 PM) (6 PM -1 AM)
Hours of Percent Hours of Percent
' Meter Type Use Occupied Use Occupied
2 Hour 5 hr 05 min 57 % 5 hr 18 min 89 %
4 Hour 4 hr 20 min 48 96 4 hr 55 min 82 %
' 10 Hour 6 hr 30 min 73 % 4 hr 37 min 77 %
Loading Zones 2 hr 55 min 32 % 4 hr 20 min 72 %
Taxi Zone 4 hr 30 min 50 % 5 hr 00 min 83 %
' Motorcycle Zone 4 hr 25 min 49 % 2 hr 12 min 37 %
2 Hour Handicap 2 hr 15 min 25 % 1 hr 53 mIn 31 %
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Parking Lots (Non-Residential)
' Daytime utilizadon of commercial pazking lots is 52 pereent for metered
spaces, 54 percent for permit spaces, and 60 percen[ for private lots. In the
evening, utilization increases substantially for metered spots, while
decreasing for both private lots and pernrit spaces even though neither permit
' nor meter restrictions are enforced after 6:00 PM.
' 2.4 Availability of Non-Metered On-Street Parking Spaces
As the utilization of commercial pazking increases above "tull u6lization,"
there is a possibiliry of spillover parking impacting the availability of non-
' metered on-street parking surrounding the comaiercial district. T'he spill-over
problem is partially addressed for weekday pazking with the implementation
of the Neighborhood Pernut Parking program. However, the NPP is not in
' eFfect after 5:00 PM or during the weekends - the time of peak u6lization
within the study area.
' In order to identify any problems with spill-over pazking, the availability of
non-metered on-street spaces and NPP spaces was checked during peak
pazking periods from 9:00 PM - 11:00 PM on a typical Saturday night and
during the same time period on the following Sunday.
, Table 10 shows the number of spaces available along residen6al streets
within the study azea. Pazking availability on streets without Neighborhood
' Parking Pernrit (NPP) restrictions was lower on Sunday night than Saturday,
suggesting that more spaces are taken up by residential uses then by Saturday
night activities in the LTHGID. Observed pazking availability on streets with
' an NPP program was high on both Saturday and Sunday, even with NPP
restrictions not enforced during the evening hours.
' Short Elliott Hendrickaon Inc.
University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFT Page 11
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Table 10
On-Street Parking Availability Outstde the Commerctal Distr(ct
Saturday Night Sunday Night
(8PM -11 PM) (9PM -11 PM)
Percent Percent
# Available Utillzed 1~ Avallable Utllfzed
Non-Metered Streets outside the NPP Zone
University Avenue -10"' Street to Broadway 2 97 % 1 98 %
Pleasant Street -10'" Street to 12"' Street 2 97 % 1 99 %
Pennsylvania Ave - Lincoln Place to 12"' Street 18 58 % 9 79 %
College Avenue - Lincoln Place to 12"' Slreet 9 82 % 6 88 %
Euclid Avenue -10th to 15th Street (non-NPP) 6 91 % 7 90 %
15'" Street - Euclid to Broadway 2 94 % 1 97 %
14"' Street - Euclid to Broadway 4 89 % 3 92 %
12"' Street - Pleasant to Euclid 4 96 % 1 99 %
11'" Street - College to University 4 95 % 0 100 %
10'" Street - College to Universiry 10 88 % 17 79 %
' Total Non-NPP Spaces 61 80 % 46 93 X
Non-Metered Streets in the NPP Zone
Euclid Avenue -10th to 12th Street (NPP) 24 26 % 22 37 %
, 13'" Street - Euclid to Aurora 12 71 % 16 62 %
12'" Street - Eudid to Aurore 32 36 % 30 40 %
11'" Street - College to Aurora 48 51 % 25 46 %
t 10'" Street - College to Euclid 30 53 °6 30 53 %
TotaINPP Spaces 136 50 % 107 49 %
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' 3.0 UHGID USER SURVEY
, The UHGID Pazking & Access Study used an series of intercept survey to
identify the origin an mode use of individuals visiting the UHGID. These
surveys collected information from a random sample of persons walking
, through the LTHGID on a typical Saturday and a typical weekday.
3.1 Survey Participants
' A total of 645 people responded to the four question survey - 255 on a
Saturday and 390 over the course of two Wednesdays. The Wednesday
surveys were split in order to avoid unusually poor weather and lack of
, acdvity on the original survey date.
Trip Purpose
' Table 11 shows the division of trip purposes for each of the three survey
periods. Fifty~ight percent of the respondents indicated they were in the
UHGID to shop or eat. Fourteen percent indicated they were in the area for
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work. Another 14 percent indicated they were there for school and another 14
percent for "other" purposes (primarily walking through the area).
UHGID Employment
The survey included interviews with 89 employees of UHGID businesses -
approximately 11 percent of rotal LTHGID employees, based on previous
employment surveys. Total UHGID employment is approximately 766 with
306 working full-time and 460 working part time. Forty-five percent of
iJI-IGID employees come to work after 3:00 PM. When adjusted for par[ dme
workers, an estimated 198 employees work in the IJHGID each evening.~
Table 11
Intercept Survey Participants
Trip Purpose
Total Eat /
Survey Participants Shop Work School Other
Saturday (2 PM - MID) 255 184 19 2 50
C~~) (~`~) (~°~+) (2%)
Wednesday Day (10 AM - 6 PM) 302 134 56 83 29
(44%) (19%) (27%) (1%)
Wednesday Evening (6 PM- MID) 88 54 14 7 13
(61%) (16%) (8%) (15%)
Total 645 372 88 92 82
(58%) (14°6) (14%) (14%)
3.2 Survey Results
Results of the survey were tabulated for each trip purpose in order to best
identify the travel chazacterisdcs of each populadon. Table 12 shows the
survey results for each population. Survey quesdons, responses, and analysis
is described below.
Mode SpGt
Participants were asked by what mode of travel they arrived at the Hill.
Forty percent said they walked, 28 percent came in a car with more than one
person (MOV), 19 percent came in a single cecupant vehicle (SOV), 7
percent took the bus and 6 percent walked.
Mode split for those coming to LJI-IGID to shop or eat had a higher percent of
people traveling in multi occupant vehicles (349b) and a lower pereent taking
the bus (4%). Those coming to iJHGID for work had the highest SOV use
(3496) as well as the highest bicycle use (11°k) and bus use (1396).
~ UHGID database, 2004.
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Table 12
User Survey Results
By Purpose of Visit
Eat /
Shop Work School OtheP AIl
Trevel Mode (n=645)
Single Occupant Veh. 17 % 34 % 12 % 1 B% 19 %
Multi- Occupant Veh. 34 % 26 % 11 % 20 % 28 %
Bus 4°k 13% 13% 5% 7%
Bicycle 5% 11 % 8% 5% 6%
Walk 40 % 16 % 57 % 52 % 40 %
Automobile Occupancy (n=296)
Average Occupancy 1.98 1.63 1.81 -- 1.87
Parking (n=280)
Metered On-Street 49 % 47 % 33 % 55 % 48 %
Metered Lot 28 % 6% 19 % - 27 %
Un-metered On-Street 13 % 21 % 43 % 18 % 17 %
Un-metered Lot 10 % 26 % 5% 27 % 14 %
Origin (n=634)
University Campus 17 % 10 % 35 % 30 % 21 %
Uni-Hill Neighborhood 28 % 16 % 28 % 30 % 27 %
Boulder (City) 32 % 51 % 26 % 19 % 92 %
Outside Boulder 22 % 24 % 11 % 21 % 21 %
' Indudes tlwse pessing throuyh'
Mode SpGt vs. Boulder Average
A comparison of mode split for UHGID survey respondents to City of
Boulder averages shows a lower than average SOV mode split for both all
trips and work trips. The unusually high mode split for walking (40%)
reflects the proximity of the district to both the adjacent neighborhood and
university.
Table 13
UHGID Mode Split Compared to Boulder Valley Averages
UHGID Bouldar UHGID Boulder
Travel Mode All Valley' Work Work•
Single Occupant Veh. 19 % 39 % 34 % 50 %
Multi- Occupant Veh. 28 % 24 % 26 % 9%
Bus 7% 5% 13% 10%
Bicycle 6% 14 % 11 % 21 %
Walk 40% 19% 16% 10%
'Ciry of BouMer, Modal ShHt in the Boulde r Vallev, 5/04
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Auto Occupancy
Survey respondents that arrived by car were asked to indicate vehicle
occupancy. Average occupancy for all respondents was 1.87 persons per
vehicle. Average auro occupancy is also highest for those coming to eat or
shop with 1.98 persons per vehicle.
Parking
Survey respondents arriving by caz were asked to indicate where the parked,
either in a lot or on-street, and either at a metered or un-metered spot. Forty-
eight percent (48%) of those traveling by car pazk at an on-street meter with
other more or less evenly distributed to metered lots, un-metered lots and un-
metered on-street parking.
Table 14 shows the parking behavior of UHGID visitors during the daytime
and evening hours. Survey respondents in the evening hours were more
likely to pazk in a lot and more likely to park at a metered space than were
respondents during the day. This may be due to the fact that most on-street
spots are occupied after 6:00 PM.
Tabie 14
Where did You Park? Day vs. Evening
On- Parking Non-
Travel Mode Street Lot Meter meter
Daytime (9 AM - 6 PM) 69 % 31 % 67 % 31 %
Evening (6 PM -1 AM). 62 % 38 % 71 % 29 %
Origin
Survey respondents were asked to indicate where their trip originated. The
responses were self-defined and included the surrounding neighborhood, the
university campus, elsewhere in the city of Boulder, or outside the city. Fifty-
three percent of survey respondents indicated that they had come to the
district from outside the direct vicinity of the UHGID. Only 26 percent of
those going to work were from either the neighborhood or the college
campus.
' 4.0 CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS
, An examination of the pazking inventories and user surveys from this study
results in several conclusions that are detailed below.
' ^ Adequate weekday parking when averaged over t6e day. On average,
57 percent of the commercial parking spaces wiNrin the study area are
ocwpied over the course of the day. Comparisons with past studies
' indicate slight increases in avemge daily occupancy for many of the block
faces and lots in the study azea, however, overall pazking availability
remains similar to that recorded in previous yeazs.
' ^ Less parking available during peak-hour. The extension of the study
hours to weekday evenings and Saturdays reveals high utilization during
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peak periods that were not recorded in previous sWdies. While overall
pazking availability appeazs adequate, parking availability is low during
these peak periods of demand when 25 out of the 34 total block faces and
lots have utilizations of over 85 percent.
Parking Iots are underutilized during the day, utilization increases in
evening after on-street meters are full. Daytime utilization is higher for
on-street metered pazking than for either the private lots or UHGID lots.
At 6:00 PM, on-street metered pazking fills up and use of the iJI-IGID lou
and some private lots increases. After 6:00 PM commercial parking within
the study area becomes scarce.
Continued underutilization of inetcred lots, UFIGID permit spaces,
and private parkiug lots. As mentioned in the 1993 and 1998 reports,
metered lots remain undemtilized except for Lot I(C[J/Pennsylvania Lot).
Utilization of the UHGID permit pazking spaces is lower than for the
metered lot spaces. Pazking spaces in private lots are also not being used
efficiently. Except for Lot G(Bookstore Lot), much of the pazking along
alleys for employees and customers remains vacant during the day.
Underutilization of these lots continues in the evening when metered
spaces, permit spaces, and many customer parking spaces are open to the
public.
Indications of possible "parking crunch" after meter enforcement
ends. Pazking utilization increases substantially after 6:00 PM on
weekdays. From 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM, a majority of the parking around
13"' street is "fully-udlized." Parking in private lots appear to remain
underutilized during this time.
UHGID employment characteristics and survey responses suggest that
much of the crunch may be caused by employees' use of on-street
metered spaces, especially after 6:00 PM when meters are no longer
enforced. Persuading employees to use available spaces in private lots or
to carpool, bus, or walk to work could free up to as many as 60 on-street
spaces in the evening hours.
Peak-hour demand focused in the Central UHGID during the day
and South UHGID in the evening. Peak hour use of pazldng is higher in
the Central LTHGID and South iJHGID than in the other pazking areas.
This suggests that demand for pazking is higher in the central and south
part of the study azea.
No "Saturday Nig6Y' impact to residential parking detected. A
comparison between pazking available in the residential areas on Saturday
night and available pazking on Sunday night indicates that on a"typical"
Saturday night, pazking is no more or less available than on Sunday when
use is likely to be limited to area residents. This conclusion is supported
by the survey responses which indicate decreased tendency to park at non-
metered on-street spots in the evening.
^ Low use of Single Occupant Vehtcles (SOV). Surveys indicate high
' percentage of pedestrian modes and high rates of auto occupancy for users
of the UHGID compared to Boulder averages. Also, high auto occupancy
for shoppers / visitors to the Hill.
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4.1 Summary of Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that pazking is adequate for the eusting land
uses within the study area during the normal workday. However, a significant
increase in pazking demand due to redevelopment or change in land use is
likely to requ'ue the addition of new parking spaces or the increasingly
aggressive use of alternative modes by both employees and visitors.
Pazking utilization was measured when several properties in the UHGID
district are either vacant or not fully developed. The increased use of these
buildings is likely to increase demand for parking especially if the new uses
do not directly serve either the neighborhood or the college populations. The
addition of new land uses, filled vacancies, or expanded custoc~r base for
the UHGID is likely to require revised access and parking strategies.
One short-term strategy for increasing the efficiency of pazking in the district
would be to extend meter enforcement into the evening hours. Extending
meter hours would increase parking turn-over and would discourxge use of
the close-in metered pazking by employees. However, any change to meter
policy could impact the NPP areas and adjacent on-street pazking areas so a
re-evaluation of NPP operations and ordinance would also be necessary.
4.2 Recommendations
^ Explore the possibility of extending meter times for the UHGID district.
A study of benefits and costs would include an evaluation of the impacu
on pazking turnover, commercial competitiveness of the district, employee
pazking, and the Neighborhood Parking Pernut Program.
^ Further evaluate the impact of employee pazking on daytime and
nighttime pazking supply. This evaluation may include a focused survey
of LTHGID employees to idendfy where employees are pazking, especially
after 6:00 PM.
' ^ Recvaluate the use of UHGID parking permits and see if changes in
policies could increase utilization of permit spaces. Improve signage to
indicate availability of UHGID pazking lot pemut spaces after 6:00 PM.
' ^ Work with lot owners to identify ways of increasing efficiency of
customer parking lots when businesses are not operadng.
^ Explore viability of consuucting addidonal pazking and increased
' alternate modes accessibility fot any changes land use that could increase
parking demand.
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Figures
Figure 1- Study Area
Figure 2- UHGID Parking Inventory
Figure 3- Peak Hour Parking Utii'ization - Weekday Day
Figure 4- Peak Hour Parking Utilization - Weekday Evening
Figure 5- Peak Hour Parking UtilizaGon - Saturday Day
Figure 6- Peak Hour Parking Utilization - Saturday Evening
Figure 7- Parking Utilization by Time of Day
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~~~.~ " ~ ~ _~ la
~, ~ ~` 9 ~ ~ 11
` ~_. ~ ~ ~.
..... ....... ................ ~~:. ~ .-
, . . _~_. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A~ ~~_:
= = _~, ~ B `~ [ 13
" . ~ $ \ ' Legend
~ ,
- _ . - C ~ Block ID
_.__.._._.. _ - _ . ~ ', ~~ ~~ ~~^~N~ ~vf~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~~ A Lot ID
_- - _ ~ - . ~ ~ City Parking Lot
. . 7 ~
_ _ _ ; • ~ I Private Parking Lot
_ _ _ _ ' ~ ( ~ On-Street Metered
~ ~ ~', , ~ ~ ~ ~ ,~~~~~~- ~ b~NFJ$`ILVAN~AAG~ ' '~'~'~'~'~','~',',',' ~~ Parking
. . . ° NPP Parki~g
- : • : : r ~ ~ , ~ ~ On-Street Nonmetered
~ : ~ . . ~' _ : s Parking
_ : ! -N- 4 ~ ~~
_N_ _~_
-~- ~N' -j _~ , d \ C•~ i-.
.~ :~: J +\~~i ('
I -r_ . ~~ ' ~. .
:: :: ~ := E G~" ~
= ' _ : ' ~-' ~ ~~
..,,.,,,,,. ,,, ~_ ~_ I
` ~ CbL~~GE~AVE . . . . ~ ._. r
~~~.i~~~~ „ ~~~r r~~~r~~~~_ .~.~~ ~
r~ =- l n~~l
11 ~ :: ? ~
~ 1 :: F i: ~
~ 2 _~. .
~, . . _~: :
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~ ~I
i~ !~ ~ : : ; : : ~
~ !..
t ~ .. . ,
i , ~ = ,= ~ ......,,,,; .,,,.,..,.;' '~ -
~~~~id~~" ..~~~, .~~~,~~~~~~~ r„~~~..,,~.,.-. .,,,,,.~,~ _~~
~
+ ~ ~i j ' '"`~ j ~~ N
~~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
~~ ;
I ~~ '~ I ~
}~~
. ~
~ ~-
0 400 Feet
l I
J Figure 1
~~ Study Area
S EH UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
0 400 Feet F i g u re 2
l I
J UHGID Parking Inventory
~~
SEH UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING 8~ ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
C
r -~
UNIVERSITY AVE
i:
7
~~
~ ~. . ' 24 ,
~
r~ 1
L ~
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\ ~. (~
~ ~~ Parking Utilization
~
Block Face Lot
~
Q °~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <75%
~ ~ . 75% - 85%
)._-.,.-, ~
' ~y~//~ ~85%
4 Number of
r
~' ' ~_ ~ ~ Spaces Av,
~ _~ _ ~
~ (` 6
w ,
~ ~r~ ~\C I~ -lf~`~ ~l/r- ~
-0-~ ~1- ~~ ~ ~~.f(~~
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'~ I ~
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1 ~ , 'r I
~ ' ~ N
~ r- ~ \
~. : i " G
- ~
~ -
1 ~ . N
- -- - ~ _ ~- w n
0 400 Feet
, ~ Figure 3
Peak Hour Parking Utilization
~_ Weekday Day (Noon -1 PM)
~ E~ UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
UNIVERSITY AVE
~ ~ __
_ ~ ~ ~ ~J~-.=
~ 1
L ~
~
~
~ t]
i - --~ ~i
0
i
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~~~
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=
o= ~-
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n
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td ~ ~
`~ _~~ o
A
~~
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Parking Utilization
Block Face Lot
~ , ~ ~ <75%
n. 75% - 85%
~ >as~io
Number of
~ ~ Spaces Av~
~~~~~ ~u~~~~
~~
~ L ~
~
~ ~
_
<
G~
I,
JU'~
N
_,
0 400 Feet F i g u re 4
I I
Peak Hour Parking Utilization
~~ Weekday Evening (7PM-8PM)
SEH UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
~ ~ --,r_, IIi~ ~ -
!--' ~ ~~ ~ -
~ ~ ~ ~ -
_ . _..~ - - ~
... UNIVERSITY AVE ~ ~ 1,Z9 '' 10' ' ' ~ , , ~ g 5 , , • '/~
~
4
~I ~ i ~ - ,5 ;~ ~
, ~~~ ~.~~
..42• ;~
8, ' ~
P~~,snr,rsT " Parkin Utilization
~4 9
~
1
,~,
~ ~ Block Face Lot
i~ ~ i_ t~ ` r] N ~ ~~~ ~ ~75%
EO1 0
~ ~ 75% - 85%
PENNSVLVANIAAVE ~~ ,~ ~ ~ >8,rj~IO
Number of
~
i ~ ~ ' 9~ ~ ~ Spaces Ava
I . ~
I
~I~ ~10
~
~ v r ~
~
J
1
r~
1
~~
N
n
0 400 Feet F i g u re 5
I I
J Peak Hour Parking Utilization
~~ Saturday Day (Noon -1 PM)
S EH UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
~ ~
~, r
UNIVERSITV AVE
~
l
'14••
\
`~
~0~~
p~~
~ ~
f "1
~ .
o~
1 ' o \
'~'0~ _ D
r
~
_
~
~ -I
.~
~
Parking Utilization
Block Face L~t
~ ~ ~ ~ <75%
•_ . • , 75% - 85%
~ ~ >85%
Number of
~ ~ Spaces Av~
~~~ v~~ ~
0
L ~
~
'= I \
G~ I
- I
L~
1
NI
0 400 Feet F i g u re 6
I I
J Peak Hour Parking Utilization
~~ Saturday Evening (10PM - 11 PM)
SEH UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY 12/03/04
.~
~~ NORTH UHGID
ssss ------------------------ -----a
~
~
9 AM NOON 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM MID
1 ti / ~ -
~.l\ T ~ (-
I 1 n LINIVERSITY
~ _ ~--~~ l ~ l _ ~l
,oo~
UNIVERSITY AVE
es% -----------------~-~-----------
~~~~11^11~111^
o%
9 AM NOON 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM MID
- ~ - ~ _
~~
.- _ ~
~
~~ ~
Ll
ri~~~
~oox
CENTRAL UHGID
~~ ------------------------------
i
/~ ~% J' ~ ~
o~
9 AM NOON 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM MID
ioow
SOUTH UHGID
esx ----------------- - ---- --- -
so56
o9c
9 AM NOON 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM MID
~. _ ~~ ~ 1~~ / ~
t Legend
~ - % Spaces Occupied - Sacurc
_ - % Spaces Occupied - Week
0 400 Feet
~ -
~
~
SE~ UNIVERSITY HILL PARKING & ACCESS STUDY
Figure 7
Parking Utilization
by Time of Day
12/03/04
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Attachments
A2 - Detailed Parkiug Spece Inventory
Al - Survey S6eet
' Short ENiotl He~drickson Inc.
University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFT
APPENDIX A- INTERCEPT SURVEY FORM
No.
UHGID Parking Survey
Time.
Hi My Name is , I'm conducting a survey for the City of Boulder. We're trying
to find out how people get to the University District. Do you have a minute to answer
four questions?
7. What is the purpose of your visit today?
^ Shopping
~ Working
^ Going to School
~ Just passing through
CI Other
Which specfic business are you going to now?
2. How did you get herel
^ walked
^ rode a Bicycle
^ drove a Car
^ rode in a Car
^ took the Bus
2b.lf car, how many people did you ride with?
^ 7 in car
^ 2 in car
^ 3 in car
^ 4 or more in car
3. Where did you park?
' ^ On-Street
^ Lot
~
^ Meter
^ Non-Meter
4. Where did you come from?
' ^ University Hill Residential
^ University Campus
' ^ City of Boulder
^ Outside City of Boulder
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ATTACHMENT 2:
Detailed Inventory of Parking Spaces, Sept 2004
TOTAL
METERED
SPEqAL
NON-METERED TOTAL
SPACES
SPACES
70 HF 4 HR 2 Hfl 1 HR
Loed Tazi Motor Hend UHGID Privele
PermN Perkinp
20p{
1998
1985
T UNIVE AVE
9E 5 5 5 WA 8
10W 8 8 8 WA 4
10S 10 10 10 7 N
11 W 4 4 - 4 WA WA
11S 9 9 8 9 8
72 N 24 24 24 53 62
79 N 34 30 4 34
92 54 23 11 4 92 89 92
N ATN H ID
LOT A 7 1 8 7 3 8
LOT B 25 25 25 23 18
0.S 13 13 13 8 13
LOT C 85 14 4 1 48 &5 43 63
7N 4 4 4 2 2
111 1B 17 ' ' ' 2 IB 91 711 78 705
ENTRAL U ID
70 10 10 5 10
4N 9 8 7 9 5 9
LOT D 11 11 11 10 14
7E 2 2 2 WA WA
BW 3 3 3 1 3
LOT I 38 37 1 38 3~ 40
lOT H 14 14 14 10 12
LOTCi 14 14 14 13 iB
LOT J 23 23 23 WA WA
SS 7 6 1 7 7 8
b W 12 11 1 12 11 9
4E 14 - • 8 • 5 2 1 - - - 14 11 15
4S 70 - 10 10 5 10
LOT E 27 27 27 5 23
191 - 97 54 ' 9 2 9 ' ' B9 1B4 120 171
UHGI
Y!S 4 - 4 - - - - - - 4 WA WA
9N 74 - - 13 - - - - 1 • - 14 9 14
9E 15 - 13 2 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 15 11 11
2W 24 - 19 4 - t - - - - • 24 tE 24
2N 7 6 1 7 8 9
2E 7 - - 7 7 25 7
lOT F 53 14 13 25 1 53 53 53
1W 14 5 7 2 14 7 7
198 14 19 62 - 9 - 2 2 - 138 131 125
ALL 598 88 127 1N 18 2 5 IB 7 538 999 493
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University Hill Parking Supply, 1991 - 2004
Metered 2004 1991
30 Minute 0 3
1 Hour 0 139
2 Hour 144 104
4 Hour 127 58
10 Hour 68 41
2 Hr Handicap 8 1
Total Metered 347 346
Non-Metered
Ta~d & Loading 20 Na
Motorcycle 5 Na
UHGID Lot Pertnit Parking 46 54
Private Non-Residential Parking 120 128
Total Non-metered 191 782
Totallnventory 538' 528
Short Elliott Hendridcson Inc.
University Hill Parking & Access Study - DRAFT