4 - 17th Street (University to Pine) Project
C I T Y O F B O U L D E R
TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY BOARD AGENDA ITEM
MEETING DATE: JULY 12, 2004
AGENDA TITLE:
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Staff briefing and TAB input on the 17 Street Transportation Project.
PRESENTER/S:
Tracy Winfree, Director of Public Works for Transportation
Michael Gardner-Sweeney, Transportation Planning and Operations Coordinator
Bill Cowern, Transportation Operations Engineer
Marni Ratzel, Pedestrian and Bicycle Planner
Teresa Spears, Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation Program Liaison
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
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The 17 Street corridor, between Arapahoe Avenue and Canyon Boulevard is scheduled
for resurfacing during the 2004 construction season. In an effort to be fiscally
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responsible, staff identified other transportation projects planned for 17 Street in the
project area and initiated an integrated planning and public involvement process to
determine what of these planned improvements should be incorporated into the overlay.
Planned improvements and other needs identified in the corridor include:
bicycle and pedestrian enhancements;
neighborhood traffic mitigation;
corridor maintenance; and,
traffic safety improvements.
This agenda item describes the alternatives considered, potential impacts, supporting
analysis, public feedback, board recommendations, and the staff recommendation for
transportation improvements to the corridor. Staff is scheduled to return to the TAB on
August 30, 2004 for a public hearing and board recommendation on the preferred
corridor improvements. Staff is providing this briefing in advance of the public hearing to
identify any additional information the board requires prior to making a recommendation.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
Cost of the proposed improvements is $294,000 and lost revenue associated with the
elimination of Neighborhood Permit Parking is $1,200 per year. A more detailed cost
Attachment A
breakdown is provided in the . All costs associated with the project will be
covered through existing programmatic transportation capital maintenance,
pedestrian/bike and neighborhood traffic mitigation sources and will not require any
supplemental appropriation.
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AGENDA ITEM #________PAGE________
OTHER IMPACTS:
The primary impact of the recommended improvements is loss of on-street parking on the
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east side of 17 Street from Athens Street to Arapahoe Avenue and on the west side of
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17 Street from Arapahoe Avenue to Walnut Street. Generally, parking will remain on
the opposite side of the street with the exception of three spaces at the intersection with
Marine Street and five spaces at the intersection with Grove Street required to install the
median crossing treatments. Impacted parkers include residents, Boulder High students
and parents, and Goss-Grove Neighborhood Permit Parking commuter permit holders. Of
the existing 77 parking spaces and 7 pickup/drop-off spaces, 36 parking spaces and 4
pickup/drop-off spaces will remain. Removed on-street parking spaces identified by
Attachment B
street block and user are summarized in .
During the day, the loss of parking south of Arapahoe Avenue will largely impact long-
term parking for students at Boulder High School and the University of Colorado, who
are parking on the street. The loss of 3 student pick-up/drop-off spaces adjacent to the
school will negatively impact the student arrival and dismissal congestion associated with
the Boulder High School. North of Arapahoe Avenue, the loss of parking will decrease
the amount of short-term parking in the area (Neighborhood Permit Parking spaces being
used as 2-hour parking spaces) and several long-term parking spaces, which are likely
being used by either employees in the downtown area or Boulder High School students.
It is anticipated that the loss of parking in these areas will relocate these parkers into the
Goss-Grove neighborhood and the neighborhood south of Arapahoe and east of 17th
Street.
In the evenings, the spaces south of Arapahoe Avenue are infrequently used. The spaces
north of Arapahoe are used by residents of the Goss-Grove neighborhood (parking in the
NPP spaces) and residents outside of the Goss-Grove neighborhood (parking in the
unregulated spaces). People may be parking on the street in the evenings in this area
because of inadequate on-site parking for the number of residential units or current
occupancy. However, staff has confirmed that all residences fronting on 17th Street in
this area do have off-street parking.
Public input expressed concern that city off-street parking standards are inadequate,
citing that existing demand for parking by residents of the multi-family dwellings far
exceeded the supply.
BOARD AND COMMISSION FEEDBACK:
As required by the Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation Program guidelines, consideration of
the potential use of delay-inducing traffic mitigation as part of the proposed
improvements was brought before the TAB in a public hearing at their November 25,
2002 meeting. The TAB recommended unanimously that delay-inducing devices could
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be considered for the 17 Street project.
Attachment C
provides the boards and commissions review schedule.
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AGENDA ITEM #________PAGE________
PUBLIC FEEDBACK:
Staff convened five public meetings to involve, inform, gather input and evaluate options
from the community on the following dates: October 29, 2002; January 30, 2003; April
2, 2003; April 30, 2003; and July 8, 2003. A summary of meetings is provided in
Attachment D
.
The community had additional access to get information and give input via the telephone,
postal mail, e-mail and the city of Boulder Web site.
The public process has sought to identify opportunities as well as address issues and
concerns raised by community interests. Community meetings were held to discuss what
elements should be considered in the project. Potential project elements identified
include:
Traffic-calming measures in the Hillside and Goss/Grove neighborhoods, associated
with the Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation Program (NTMP);
Improvements to address documented safety concerns;
Pedestrian crossing enhancements; and,
On-street bike lanes
There has been support for the placement of traffic mitigation and pedestrian-crossing
treatments within the project area. Many residents have also expressed a desire for
additional treatments beyond the staff recommendation. Neighbors living nearby, the
Boulder High School administration, parents of students attending Boulder High School,
business owners and the business community leaders have expressed concern over the
potential impacts of the proposed bicycle facility improvements to the corridor. The two
primary concerns expressed are the loss of on-street parking and impacts associated with
potential roadway widening at the intersections of Arapahoe and Canyon Boulevard.
Members of the bike community support the installation of bike lanes. However, they do
not support major intersection widening to provide bicycle lanes at the 17th
Street/Arapahoe Avenue and 17th Street /Canyon Boulevard intersections.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
City staff sought to formulate a recommendation that incorporates and balances the
interests of all stakeholders, creating a balanced approach to best serve the Boulder
community. Based on consideration of the benefits and impacts of the potential
functional elements, staff recommends that the project:
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Install on-street bicycle lanes on 17 Street between Athens Street and Walnut Street
to provide a safe and connected bicycle network for cyclists in this area of the city.
This will require removing on-street parking on one side of the street;
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Construct pedestrian-crossing treatments at the 17 Street / Marine Street and 17
Street / Grove Street intersections to enhance pedestrian crossing safety and address
the potential traffic speed impacts that removal of on-street parking and striping
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AGENDA ITEM #________PAGE________
bicycle lanes may produce. The Grove Street crossing treatment will also narrow
Grove Street to help reinforce the one-way street restriction;
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Install a raised pedestrian-crossing treatment at the University Avenue / 17 Street
intersection to enhance pedestrian crossing safety. Install a median south of Hillside
to address the identified safety problem with northbound vehicles traveling too fast
around the curve and leaving the roadway; and,
Install four speed display signs placed at strategic locations to address the potential
traffic speed impacts that removal of on-street parking and striping bicycle lanes may
produce.
By using the city’s minimum design standards for bike and vehicle lane width, the project
will not require relocating curb/gutter except on a limited basis (20 feet on the southeast
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corner of the Arapahoe Avenue/17 Street intersection). City minimum standards are
based on local experience and meet or exceed national standards for the design and
construction of transportation facilities. Minimum design standards provide safe facilities
under constrained conditions where the impact to adjacent properties and cost
considerations necessitate. Use of minimum standards will minimize negative impacts
and project cost. The planting strip between the street and sidewalk will be maintained
and removal of existing mature landscaping will not be required.
ANALYSIS:
The process of assessing options has been sequenced in two steps:
Step 1 - Macro level the need for and extent of improvement
Step 2 - Micro level design/configuration of improvement
The options were evaluated using the following criteria:
Bicycling stress (street width, vehicle traffic volume, vehicle traffic speed)
Bicycling activity
Bicycle system continuity
Impacts to on-street parking, streetscape plantings, and adjacent land use
(commercial, residential, Boulder High School), and neighborhood circulation.
Opportunities for other corridor enhancements such as safety improvements,
pedestrian crossings, and speed mitigation.
Cost
Background on existing conditions and corridor maintenance/street resurfacing needs is
Attachment E
provided in .
The assessment to determine the appropriate northern terminus for the improvement is
Attachment F
provided in . The assessment to determine the appropriate facility is
Attachment G
provided in .
Replacement Parking
Strategic on-street parking replacement is possible without impacting mature trees. The
tradeoff is additional project cost and removal of the existing planting strip between the
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AGENDA ITEM #________PAGE________
street curb and the sidewalk. As many as 19 of the 41 removed on-street parking spaces
can be restored in this manner at a cost of approximately $115,000. A detailed discussion
Attachment G
of replacement parking options is provided in .
Alternative Alignment
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The Transportation Master Plan (TMP) identifies both 17 Street and 19/20 Street as
secondary corridors in the bicycle system network. These two secondary corridors are
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located approximately 650 feet apart. As an alternative to improving the 17 Street
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only
bicycle facility, the 19 /20 Street Corridor could be developed as the secondary
north-south corridor in the area. An evaluation of this alternative is provided in
Attachment G
. In summary, based on existing use, the circuitous nature of the corridor
and discontinuities in the corridor (pocket parks and geographic barriers), staff does not
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recommend the 19/20th as a viable alternative in lieu of an improved 17 Street
corridor.
An in-depth description of the proposed neighborhood traffic mitigation, safety and
Attachment H
pedestrian crossing improvements is provided in .
MATRIX OF OPTIONS:
The matrix of options available for consideration is outlined below:
1.Do Nothing – proceed with only the street maintenance activities. Modify the
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Transportation Master Plan (TMP) to reflect the elimination of the 17 Street bike
facility enhancements.
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2.Accept the staff recommended set of improvements for the 17 Street corridor
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3.Accept the staff recommended set of improvements for the 17 Street corridor with
modifications in:
a.The extent of the improvements (pedestrian-crossing treatments, safety,
enhanced bike facility, and neighborhood traffic mitigation)
b.The extent of parking removed.
Attachments
A - Project Cost Breakdown
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B - 17 Street On-street Parking Impacts
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C - 17 Street Boards and Commissions Review Schedule
D - Public Feedback Summary
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E - 17 Street Existing Conditions and Corridor Maintenance Needs
F - Northern Terminus Assessment
G - Facility Alternative Assessment
H - Proposed Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation, Safety and Pedestrian-crossing
treatments
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AGENDA ITEM #________PAGE________
Attachment A
Project Cost Breakdown
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17 Street Corridor Project Costs
Item Description: Cost
Public Process and technical support $ 30,000
Street Overlay (overlay, ADA access ramps, restriping) $ 85,000
On-street bike lanes installation $ 45,000
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(Curb/gutter/signal modification southwest corner Arapahoe/17 Street
intersection, striping and signage)
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Pedestrian-crossing treatments (17/Marine and 17/Grove) including $ 50,000
Grove Street neckdown
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Raised pedestrian-crossing treatment at the University Avenue/17$ 60,000
Street intersection and median south of Hillside
Four speed display signs placed at strategic locations $ 24,000
Total $294,000
Annual lost Neighborhood Permit Parking Revenues ($1,200)
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Attachment B
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17 Street On-street Parking Impacts
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17 Street On-street Parking Impacts
Spaces Removed
Existing
On-
Neighborhood Two-hour Student
streetSpaces
Unregulated Permit Time Pickup-
Street Segment Spaces
Remaining
ParkingParkingRestrictedDrop-off Total
Athens to Arapahoe 28+7* 14 3 14+3* 14+4*
Arapahoe to Canyon 36 5 16 21 15
Canyon to Walnut 13 6 6 7
Total 77+7* 25 16 3 41+3* 36+4*
* - pickup/drop-off spaces at Boulder High
Note: Five Neighborhood Permit Parking (NPP) spaces and three student pickup/drop-off spaces would be
removed to construct the pedestrian-crossing treatments (medians) at Marine Street and Grove Street. The
remaining 36 spaces would be removed as a result of the bike lanes.
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Attachment C
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17 Street Boards and Commissions Review Schedule
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17 Street Boards and Commissions Review Schedule
MeetingMeeting Date Available Dates
nd
TAB Briefing Monday, July 12, 6:00PM, Normally 2 Monday
City Council Chambers
st
DMC Public Hearing and Monday, August 2, Normally 1 Monday
Recommendation5:30PM, City Council
Chambers
nd
DBI Briefing August 11, 7:30AM, Normally 2 Wednesday
Wells Fargo 1242 Pearl St.
rd
BID Briefing August 19, 7:30AM, Normally 3 Thursday
1942 Broadway, Suite 301
(Southeast corner of Pearl
Street Mall and
Broadway)
nd
TAB Public Hearing and Monday, August 30, Normally 2 Monday
Recommendation6:00PM,
City Council Chambers
strd
City Council (If Necessary) September 21, 6:00PM, Normally 1 & 3
City Council Chambers Tuesday
TAB – Transportation Advisory Board
http://www.ci.boulder.co.us/cmo/boards/rosters/transportation.html
Staff Liaison: Tracy Winfree, (303) 441-3200
Board Secretary: Robin Madel, (303) 441- 4073
DMC – Downtown Management Commission
http://www.ci.boulder.co.us/cmo/boards/rosters/dmc.html
Staff Liaison: Molly Winter, Executive Director, (303) 413-7300
Secretary: Donna Jobert, (303) 413-7300
BID – Downtown Boulder Business Improvement District
http://www.boulderdowntown.com/
Jane Jenkins, Executive Director, (303)449-3774
DBI – Downtown Boulder Incorporated
http://www.boulderdowntown.com/
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Attachment D
Public Feedback Summary
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17 Street Project Public Feedback Summary
Staff convened five public meetings to educate, inform and gather input and evaluate
options from the community on the following dates:
Oct. 29, 2002
Jan. 30, 2003
April 2, 2003
April 30, 2003
July 8, 2003
Citizens had additional access to get and give information via the telephone, postal mail,
e-mail and city of Boulder Web site. Community input received expresses significant
concern for several elements of the project. With the exception of the Boulder Bicycle
Commuters, the general consensus voiced is in opposition to removing on-street parking
to stripe bicycle lanes along the corridor. Specific concerns raised by stakeholder
representatives follow.
Goss/Grove neighborhood leaders have expressed their neighborhood’s lack of support
for bicycle lanes on 17th Street. Issues identified to date are:
Neighbors feel that staff is unconcerned with the impact of a bike lane on their
neighborhood.
Staff is not considering the neighborhood’s non-support of the installation of bike
lanes
Safety concerns
Hardships due to loss of parking
Loss of trees or the feel of the neighborhood
Increased speed of traffic from bicycle lanes
Members of the Hillside neighborhood, the Goss/Grove neighborhood group, and
administrators from the Boulder High School have expressed concern about the speed
and volume of traffic on 17th Street. While they generally support traffic mitigation, they
are concerned that not enough mitigation will occur. There has been much discussion
about the need for a balance between delay-inducing traffic mitigation and emergency
response. However, this continues to be a source of concern for several stakeholder
groups.
Members of the bicycle community have expressed support for bicycle lanes on 17th
Street. They have also expressed support for the neighborhood’s concerns. The attached
Boulder Bicycle Commuters (BBC) position letter details their support of bicycle lanes.
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Members of the business community in the downtown area have expressed a lack of
support for any change in parking along 17th Street, and especially any change in the
downtown area north of Canyon Boulevard. Concerns have included impacts on their
customers and employees from a parking supply and location perspective and concerns
about additional construction impacts during these difficult fiscal times.
In order to address the concerns for the potential loss of metered parking along 17th
Street between Walnut and Pearl streets, a meeting was convened on July 8, 2003 to
receive input from Downtown business and property-owner interests. The DMC board
also was represented at the meeting. Staff presented a proposal to exchange some on-
street parking lost along 17th Street with increased on-street parking along Walnut Street.
DMC and downtown business interests did not express support for advancing this
proposal. The consensus opinion expressed was that installing angle parking along
Walnut Street would compromise bicyclist safety for those who seek to continue using
this segment of Walnut Street. Additionally, it was stated that the value of existing on-
street parking along 17th Street between Pearl and Walnut streets exceeds the potential
benefit of adding additional parking along the segment of Walnut Street.
Summaries of the public meetings are available at the following link:
http://www.ci.boulder.co.us/publicworks/depts/transportation/projects/17thbikelane.html
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Boulder Bicycle Commuters
SUPPORT 17TH STREET BIKE LANE PROJECT
April 2, 2003
Boulder Bicycle Commuters supports the 17th Street bike lane project between Athens
and Pine streets. This statement was adopted unanimously at our March 3 meeting.
We urge the city of Boulder to proceed with this project, with the following provisions:
ON-STREET BIKE LANES
* Install on-street bike lanes on both sides of 17th Street from Athens to Pine streets.
* Extend the southbound bike lane south past Athens, to connect with the uphill bike lane
going up to University Ave.
* Given existing space constraints, we support the following configuration for 17th
Street:
- Two regular auto travel lanes, one each direction.
- Two on-street bike lanes, one each direction.
- Automobile parking lane, one side only, only when space allows.
- Buffer strip between parking lane and bike lane, to protect cyclists from suddenly
opened car doors.
- Existing detached sidewalks.
- Existing verges, trees, and landscaping.
* Remove existing on-street auto parking on 17th Street, as needed, to obtain the space
needed for the bike lanes.
* Do not widen 17th Street anywhere for the purpose of keeping parking while adding
bike lanes.
* Make the bike lanes straight, direct, and unobstructed.
* Do not make any curves in bike lanes, as has been suggested.
* Use a curb design that eliminates the seam between the bike lane and gutter pan. Also
eliminate special breaks in the side slope of the bike lane that could present irregular
surfaces to cyclists.
* Please pave the curb-side bike lanes to full width with seamless asphalt, not concrete,
all the way to the curb face.
* Do not expand 17th Street at intersections. Eliminate automobile turn lanes as needed
to provide space to install the bike lanes.
* Paint stripes on both sides of the parking lane buffer strip.
* The buffer strip will also provide some room for snow plow drifts while maintaining an
open bike lane next to parking.
LANE WIDTHS
There are a variety of existing curb-to-curb widths on this section of 17th Street, between
36 and 50 feet. When bike lanes are installed, our preferred lane widths and
configurations are as follows. In order to make clear a complex request, we present this
as a set of formulas:
- Bike lane next to curb: 6 feet with NO gutter seam.
(Standard is 5 feet plus 1-1/2 foot gutter pan.)
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- Bike lane next to parking lane: 5 feet (standard).
- Auto travel lanes: 11 feet (standard).
- Parking lane: 8 feet (standard).
- Buffer strip: 3 feet.
- Total width needed between curb faces: 44 feet.
For available width from 44 to 42 feet, please reduce these dimensions as follows:
- Reduce the curb-side bike lane and buffer strip widths by equal amounts as needed,
down to 5 feet and 2 feet respectively.
For available width from 42 to 40 feet, in addition to above:
- Reduce the buffer strip alone as needed, from 2 feet to none.
Below 40 feet, we urge that parking lanes on both sides of the street be eliminated.
In addition, please consider reducing auto travel lane width to 10 or 10-1/2 feet where
necessary to fit the desired bike lanes plus one parking lane.
TRAFFIC MITIGATION
* Provide traffic mitigation measures as needed over time, to deal with automobile
speeding problems. We support and recommend these measures for 17th Street:
- Complete striping of crosswalks across 17th Street, both sides of the intersection, at
every side street.
- Official regulatory signs and centerline bollards, "Stop For Pedestrians In Crosswalk".
- Automatic speed sensor warning signs.
- Raised crosswalks, if necessary.
- Remove extra automobile turn lanes to decrease crossing distance and discourage
excess automobile travel.
* Please do NOT install traffic mitigation neckdowns that protrude into bike lanes. They
are not appropriate for this project and would be hazardous to cyclists.
* Request Boulder Valley School District, the University, and local businesses and
agencies to step up their programs to ask people to find alternatives to driving, and seek
jobs or homes close to each other to reduce the need for automobiles.
Reasons to support 17th Street bike lanes:
* Provide a high-quality north-south bicycle connection that is presently lacking in this
area.
* Provide good bike access from central and north Boulder to:
- Boulder High School
- University
- Boulder Creek Path
- Uni Hill commercial area
* This project has been in the Transportation Master Plan since at least 1996.
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* Improve pedestrian environment and safety. Bike lanes will get more cyclists,
especially faster ones, off the sidewalks.
* Improve safety for cyclists. Current conditions mix cyclists with auto traffic, exposing
them to opening car doors due to on-street parking.
* This project will encourage MORE people to use bikes and leave their autos behind.
* Bike lanes will help reduce the need for the displaced parking spaces.
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Attachment E
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17 Street Existing Conditions and Corridor Maintenance Needs
Existing Conditions
A summary of existing conditions by block including on-street parking, vehicle, bicycle,
and pedestrian traffic along 17th Street between University Avenue and Pine Street is
provided below.
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17 Street Existing Conditions
Speed 85%tile
Vehicles/Limit Speed Bikes/ PedParking
Segment Day (mph) (mph) day Crossing Spaces
Athens to Arapahoe 12,800 25 31 540 319** 28+7*
Arapahoe to Canyon 6,000 25 29 260 212** 36
Canyon to Walnut 5,700 25 26 260 -- 13
Walnut to Pearl 4,700 25 25 220 -- 16
Pearl to Spruce 2,300 25 24 120 -- 14
Spruce to Pine 1,300 25 24 60 -- 19
** = 4 peak hour total, * = pickup/drop-off spaces, -- = not collected
Vehicle volumes shown are either actual 24-hour counts or interpolated from peak-hour
count data at the signalized intersections. Bicycle volumes shown have been interpolated
from 3 to 6 hours of peak-period data collection in each corridor segment.
Traffic data indicates that both vehicle and bicycle traffic is greatest in the southern
blocks of the corridor. Pedestrian volumes are fairly high in this section, which is
attributed to the adjacent land uses of Boulder High School and CU-Boulder. Traveling
north, the amount of vehicle traffic, vehicle traffic speed, bicycle traffic and pedestrian
activity all decrease in each block segment removed from the southern end.
A review of existing travel patterns indicates that pedestrian activity is high in the
morning and afternoon peaks, during student pickup and drop-off at Boulder High School
and during the noon peak when students are going to lunch. At these times, there were
approximately 100 pedestrians per hour observed crossing 17th Street at the Marine
Street intersection. During the same time period, there were between 135 and 150
pedestrians observed walking on the sidewalk, and crossing Arapahoe Avenue at 17th
Street.
Approximately 30 percent of the bicyclists observed traveling along 17th Street south of
Arapahoe Avenue were riding on the sidewalk, which raises the potential for conflict
between bicyclists and pedestrians.
Corridor Maintenance/Street Resurfacing
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The stretch of 17 Street between University Avenue and Pine Street is classified as a
collector street and carries approximately 13,000 vehicles per day on the southern end
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and 1,300 vehicles per day on the northern end. The purpose of a collector street is to
collect traffic from local streets and provide corridors for traffic circulation through and
between commercial areas and residential neighborhoods.
The city resurfaces streets to provide a safe road surface for motorists, bicyclists, and
pedestrians. Streets are periodically patched and overlaid with new asphalt to maintain
the street’s structural integrity and to provide a new driving wear surface. This
preventative maintenance strategy eliminates the need for more costly total
reconstruction. Typically, collector and arterial streets are overlaid on a 7 to 10 year
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cycle. The pavement on 17 Street between Arapahoe Avenue and Canyon Boulevard is
currently in fair to poor condition with significant surface deterioration and structural
cracking. The street was last overlaid prior to 1991. An overlay is necessary to prevent
further deterioration and provide a safe driving surface.
In accordance with recent court rulings associated with the Federal Americans with
Disabilities Act, the overlay project will also incorporate installing and upgrading curb
access ramps. This includes installing new ramps where they are missing and upgrading
existing ramps to meet slope and tactile identification (truncated domes) requirements.
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Attachment F
Northern Terminus Assessment
Bicycle Facility Enhancements
The 2003 Boulder Valley Transportation Master Plan (TMP) is the city’s “blueprint” for
transportation. A goal of the TMP is to develop a continuous bicycle system with access
to major destinations/activity centers and to maintain the bicycle system to provide safe
and convenient bicycle travel. The bicycle system is envisioned as a corridor network
comprised of primary and secondary corridors. Primary corridors are generally defined
by the street arterial system and are spaced approximately one per mile on an east-west
and north-south grid. The secondary corridors generally rely on collector streets to
provide bike routes and facilities on lower volume streets. Secondary corridors provide
for more rideable distances between the primary corridors. The primary and secondary
corridors in this part of the city are listed below.
TMP Primary and Secondary Corridors
Primary Corridors
North-south East-west
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Broadway/13 Street University/Colorado (across campus)
Folsom Arapahoe/Canyon (includes Boulder
Creek Path
Walnut/Pearl
Secondary Corridors
North-south East-west
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17 Street Pine Street
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19/20 Street
A map of the city’s bicycle system is available at the following link:
http://www.ci.boulder.co.us/publicworks/depts/transportation/master_plan_new/pdfs/bike_systems_map.pd
f
The development of the TMP Bicycle System Plan relied on extensive public input,
comment and review from a wide range of people and interests. Representatives from
bicycle organizations and from the community at large were invited to a series of
roundtable discussions to develop the plan.
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The corridor system plan included a conceptual-level facility recommendation. For 17
Street the concept is:
bike lanes from University Avenue to Canyon Boulevard; and,
a signed bike route from Canyon Boulevard to Pine Street
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As a master plan, it is intended that the proposed corridor alignment and identified
improvements represented are conceptual and subject to further study, community
review, and refinement to resolve any issues surrounding each project.
Bicycle Facility Alternatives
Provision of an appropriate bicycle facility in the corridor is based on determining:
facility type – off-street multi-use path, on-street bike lanes, or bike route (no
dedicated facility);
the limits of the improvement; and,
preferred or minimum design standards.
Bicycle Facility Limits
The TMP proposes a complete bicycle network that allows convenient and safe bicycle
travel throughout the Boulder Valley as a viable alternative to the automobile. The
system is intended to provide for a diverse mix of users (young and old) and trip purposes
(commuting, recreation, shopping, and students going to and from CU and the public (K-
12) schools).
One of the challenges in creating this system is to determine the appropriate bicycle
facility for the conditions. Considerations include the volume of existing and projected
bicycle traffic, the volume and speed of the vehicle traffic, physical characteristics of the
street, the width of the vehicle travel lanes, and on-street parking activity. An analytical
methodology developed by Northwestern University, Wisconsin Department of
Transportation and the city of Madison seeks to inform this question by ranking the
cycling compatibility of existing roadways based on the relative level of stress a cyclist
encounters on a given route.
Bicycling Stress Levels
Stress Level Cyclist Skill LevelInterpretation
1Very Low (VL) Inexperienced / Beginner – street is reasonably safe
for all types of bicyclists (except children under 10).
2 Low (L) Casual – street can accommodate experienced and
casual bicyclists, and/or may need altering* or
compensating conditions** to fit youth bicyclists.
3 Moderate (M) Casual / Experienced – street can accommodate
experienced bicyclist, and/or may need altering* or
compensating conditions** to accommodate casual
bicyclists. Not recommended for youth bicyclists.
4 High (H) Experienced – street may need altering* or
compensating conditions** to accommodate
experienced bicyclists. Not recommended for casual
or youth bicyclist.
5 Very High (VH) Street may not be suitable for bicycle use.
* - “Altering” means that street may be widened to include wide curb-lane, paved
shoulder.
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** - “Compensating condition” can include street with wide curb-lanes, paved shoulder,
bike-lanes.
The bicycling stress level ranking can be used to determine user compatibility and
identify the need for upgrading facilities (bike route wider curb lanes bike lanes).
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Applied to 17 Street, the existing conditions yield the following results.
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17 Street Existing Bicycling Stress Level and Bicycling Use
Speed 85%tile Bicycling
Curb Lane Vehicles/Limit Speed StressBikes/
Segment width* day (mph) (mph) Levelday
Athens to Arapahoe 20 12,800 25 31 3.7 540
Arapahoe to Canyon 20 6,000 25 29 3.3 260
Canyon to Walnut 20 5,700 25 26 2.9 260
Walnut to Pearl 21 4,700 25 25 2.4 220
Pearl to Spruce 25 2,300 25 24 1.4120
Spruce to Pine 17 1,300 25 24 2.4 60
Scale => 1= very low stress, 5 = very high stress
* = curb lane is the right-most travel lane, -- = not collected
This analysis yields that a range of skill is required to ride a bicycle in the corridor;
ranging from low to moderate on the north end to moderate to high on the south end. The
other significant observation is that the higher skill levels are required on the southern
end of the corridor where bike use is the highest.
Bicycling Stress Level and cycling use are excellent tools to determine appropriate
bicycle facilities/system development and investment. From a cycling stress level, if we
wished to provide adequate facilities for all users down to an inexperienced beginner, we
would need to improve the cycling environment all the way from Athens Street to Pine
Street. If we were comfortable saying that it was appropriate to only expect expert-level
cyclists, no improvement would be required. From a use perspective, the higher level of
existing cycling is focused in the southern end of the corridor reducing as you go north.
Integrating these two considerations together; bicycling stress level and bike use indicate
that improvements to existing facilities should be investigated from Athens Street north
to Walnut Street or Pearl Street.
In considering the installation of bike facility improvements on 17th Street, staff analyzed
the benefits and impacts of the potential northern terminus. The products of this analysis
are provided in the evaluation matrix provided below.
Based on the identified benefits, impacts and financial cost, staff recommends that the
bicycle facility improvements extend from Athens Street north to Walnut Street. The
segment from Walnut north to Pine Street is recommended to be signed as a route.
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Attachment G
Facility Alternative Assessment
Enhanced Bicycle Facility Type Selection
enhanced
Options for providing the recommended bike facility to accommodate
bicyclists in the corridor from Athens Street north to Walnut Street include:
An off-street multi-use path; or,
On-street bike lanes.
The considerations for the two facility types are provided below.
Off-street multi-use Path
Pro
Provides cyclists with a facility physically separated from motor vehicle traffic.
May encourage increased use of bicycling as a transportation mode in the
corridor.
Cons
Creates conflict points with vehicles crossing the multi-use path entering and
exiting driveways and public streets.
Two-way multi-use paths on one side of the street such as Broadway along the
University of Colorado create inherent conflicts between cyclists and motorists
crossing the multi-use path because the motorists tend to look only for conflicting
motor vehicle traffic and not cyclists coming from the other direction.
Stopped cross-street motor vehicle traffic and vehicles exiting driveways may
block the multi-use path.
Increases conflict potential and wrong-way riding on the street at multi-use path
transition end points to on-street facilities.
Cyclists can ride at faster speeds than pedestrians typically walk, creating the
potential for conflicts.
On-street Bike lanes
Pro
Integrates bicycles into the on-street traffic stream, which reduces conflicts
between bicyclists and motorists at intersections and transition points.
Increases awareness among all corridor users of the expected presence and
location of bicyclists with dedicated bike lane markings and signs.
Reduces conflict potential between pedestrian and bicyclist users on the sidewalk.
May encourage increased use of bicycling as a transportation mode in the
corridor.
Cons
Riding in on-street bike lanes with higher motor vehicle traffic volumes and
speeds can be uncomfortable for less experienced cyclists.
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Riding in on-street bike lanes adjacent to high turnover on-street parking can
create conflicts with vehicle doors and vehicles entering and exiting parking
spaces.
Conflicts between bicyclists and motorists may still occur at intersections and
driveways as right-turning vehicles turn across the bicycle lane.
Based on the number of cross streets and driveways and the urban nature of the corridor,
on-street bike lanes are recommended.
On-street Bike Lane Alternatives:
Seventeenth Street between Athens Street and Walnut Street is 40 feet wide. In the areas
away from the signalized intersections the street typically includes a vehicle lane in each
direction (12 feet wide) and on-street parking on both sides of the street (8 feet wide).
Approximately 150 feet in advance of the signalized intersections at Arapahoe Avenue,
Canyon Boulevard, and Walnut Street, the on-street parking is eliminated on both sides
of the street and a left-turn lane is provided. The typical street configuration by block is
provided in the table below.
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17 Street Existing Conditions
Right-of-way Tree lawn / Planting
Segment (ft.) Street width (ft.) Strip (ft.) Sidewalk (ft.)
Athens to Arapahoe 60' 40' 0’ west, 5’east 6’west, 4’east
Arapahoe to Grove 60' 40' 4’5’
Grove to Canyon 60' to 75' 40' 0’ to 6’ west, 5’
4’ to 11’ east
Canyon to Walnut 80' 40' 14’ west, 10’east 5’west, 4’east
Walnut to Pearl 80' 42' 8’ to 5’ west, 4’ to 9’ west,
11’ to 0’east 4’ to 17’east
Pearl to Spruce 80' 50' 8’ to 0’ west, 5’ to 14’ west,
9’east 5’east
Spruce to Pine 80' 34' 16’ 4’
Preferred and minimum design standards identified in the TMP and based on national
standards, are provided in the table below. Under constrained conditions and when
retrofitting lanes onto existing streets, the minimum standards can be applied.
On-street Bike lane Design Standards
Element Preferred (ft.) Minimum (ft.)
On-street Bike lane adjacent to 6’(bike)+8’(parking) = 5’(bike)+7’(parking) =
parking14’12’
On-street Bike lane adjacent to 5’(bike)+1.5’(gutter) =
Curb/gutter6.5’ 5’ inclusive of the gutter
Vehicle lane adjacent to the bike
12’ 10’
lane
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The provision of on-street bike lanes can be accomplished in the stretch recommended
for improvement by either widening the street or eliminating the parking on one side of
the street. Application of preferred or minimum design standards requires widening 12
feet or 4 feet respectively to maintain on-street parking on both sides of the street.
Application of preferred or minimum design standards requires widen to 4.5 feet or no
widening respectively with removal of parking on one side of the street. At the signalized
intersections, the on-street bike lanes require widening 8 feet or none, based on applying
preferred and minimum standards, respectively. Eight foot widening at the intersections
would require right-of-way or easement acquisition to relocate the existing sidewalks and
traffic signal poles. The design alternatives and associated impacts are provided below.
On-street Bike Lane Design Alternatives
Required Required
Street Width widening
Alternative (ft.) (ft.) Impacts
Preferred Design Standards
Maintain on-street parking 52’ 12’
Loss of planting strip and existing vegetation on
on both sides of the street
both sides of the street.
(8+6+12+12+6+8=52’)
Environment for pedestrians more exposed and
less conducive to walking.
Cost = $700,000
Maintain on-street parking 44.5’ 4.5’
Loss of planting strip and existing vegetation on
on one-side of the street
one side of the street.
(8+6+12+12+6.5=44.5’)
Loss of parking spaces (44 spaces eliminated, 40
spaces remaining)
Cost = $355,000
Signalized intersections 48’ 8’
Loss of planting strip and existing vegetation on
(6.5+12+11+12+6.5=48’)
both sides of the street.
Environment for pedestrians more exposed and
less conducive to walking.
Additional right-of-way or easement required to
provide sidewalks and relocate traffic signals.
Cost = $200,000
Minimum Design Standards
Maintain on-street parking 44’ 4’
Loss of planting strip and existing vegetation on
on both sides of the street
one side of the street.
(7+5+10+10+5+7=44’)
Street less conducive to cycling.
Cost = $355,000
Maintain on-street parking 37’ -3’
Loss of parking spaces (44 spaces eliminated, 40
on one-side of the street.
spaces remaining)
(7+5+10+10+5=37’)
On-street lanes less conducive to cycling.
Cost = $5,000
Signalized intersections 40’ 0’
Minimal widening required on southwest corner
(5+10+10+10+5=40’)
of Arapahoe intersection.
On-street lanes less conducive to cycling.
Cost = $40,000
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Option – Convert 17 Street to One-way Street
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Another option for providing on-street lanes and maintaining on-street parking identified
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through the public dialogue was to convert 17 Street to a one-way street. The alternative
was analyzed and is not recommended for the following reasons:
Negatively impacts neighborhood circulation creating problems accessing residential
and major destinations (Boulder High School, CU Campus);
Traffic diversion to parallel neighborhood streets; and,
Traffic diversion /congestion impacts to the primary street system (Arapahoe,
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Broadway, 9 Street, etc.)
Another option discussed to provide the on-street lanes at the signalized intersections was
to eliminate the left-turn lanes. A level of service analysis identified that the elimination
of the left-turn lanes would raise congestion to unacceptable levels.
Of the alternatives discussed, no consensus could be reached. Loss of any on-street
parking or the planting strip was considered unacceptable by the neighborhood.
As the most appropriate balance of the benefits and impacts of providing an improved
bicycle facility, staff is recommending the removal of on-street parking on one side of the
street and the application of minimum design standards to eliminate the need to relocate
curb/gutter and impact the planting strip or sidewalks,.
Parking Impacts
The primary negative impact of the recommended improvements is loss of on-street
parking on the east side of 17th Street from Athens Street to Arapahoe Avenue and the
west side of 17th Street from Arapahoe Avenue to Walnut Street. Generally, parking will
remain on the opposite side of the street. Impacted parkers include residents, Boulder
High students and parents, and Goss-Grove Neighborhood Permit Parking commuter
permit-holders. Removed parking spaces identified by user and street block are
summarized below.
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17 Street On-street Parking Impacts
Spaces Removed
Existing
On-
Neighborhood Two-hour Student
streetSpaces
Unregulated
Permit Time Pickup-
Street Segment SpacesRemaining
ParkingParkingRestrictedDrop-off Total
Athens to Arapahoe 28+7* 14 3 14+3* 14+4*
Arapahoe to Canyon 36 5 16 21 16
Canyon to Walnut 13 6 6 7
Total 77+7* 25 16 3 41+3* 36+4*
* - pickup/drop-off spaces at Boulder High
Note: Five Neighborhood Permit Parking spaces and three student pickup/drop-off spaces would be removed to
construct the pedestrian-crossing treatments (medians) at Marine Street and Grove Street. The remaining 36
spaces would be removed as a result of the bike lanes.
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During the day, the loss of parking south of Arapahoe Avenue will largely impact long-
term parking for students at Boulder High School and the University of Colorado, who
are parking on the street. The loss of 3 student pick-up/drop-off spaces adjacent to the
school will negatively impact the student arrival and dismissal congestion associated with
the Boulder High School. North of Arapahoe Avenue, the loss of parking will decrease
the amount of short-term parking in the area (Neighborhood Permit Parking spaces being
used as 2-hour parking spaces) and several long-term parking spaces, which are likely
being used by either employees in the downtown area or Boulder High School students.
It is anticipated that the loss of parking in these areas will relocate these parkers into the
Goss-Grove neighborhood and the neighborhood south of Arapahoe and east of 17th
Street.
In the evenings, the spaces south of Arapahoe Avenue are infrequently used. The spaces
north of Arapahoe are used by residents of the Goss-Grove neighborhood (parking in the
NPP spaces) and residents outside of the Goss-Grove neighborhood (parking in the
unregulated spaces). People may be parking on the street in the evenings in this area
because of inadequate on-site parking for the number of residential units or current
occupancy. However, staff has confirmed that all residences fronting on 17th Street in
this area do have off-street parking.
Public input expressed concern that city off-street parking standards are inadequate,
citing that existing demand for parking by residents of the multi-family dwellings far
exceeded the supply.
Options to Mitigate Parking Loss
In the beginning of the public process, bicycle facility options were discussed that
impacted the metered parking spaces between Walnut Street and Pearl Street. At that
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time, staff identified the option of restriping Walnut Street between 15 Street and 17
Street to significantly increase business-related on-street metered parking on the north
side of the street. The restriping would involve eliminating the westbound on-street bike
lane and providing angled parking spaces on the north side of the street. Elimination of
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the westbound bike lane was determined feasible with on-street lanes on 17 Street.
Restriping the two blocks of Walnut Street would increase metered parking from 22 to 39
spaces for a net gain of 17 spaces.
Another option to mitigate the loss of parking in the corridor is selective widening of the
street in areas where the impacts to existing mature vegetation would be minimal and
additional parking is desirable. A review of the blocks between Walnut Avenue and
Athens Avenue suggest that as many as 19parking spaces could be restored in this
manner. The additional cost to the project would be approximately $6,100 per parking
space. Potential replacement on-street parking and associated cost broken out by street
block is provided in the table below.
Potential Strategic On-street Replacement Parking
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Potential
Existing Spaces Spaces Replacement
Street Segment Spaces Remaining Removed SpacesCost
Athens to Arapahoe 28+7* 14+4* 14+3* 9 $40,000
Arapahoe to Canyon 36 15 21 6 $45,000
Canyon to Walnut 13 7 6 4 $30,000
Total 77+7* 36+4* 41+3* 19 $115,000
* - pickup/drop-off spaces at Boulder High
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Option – Enhance 19/20 Street Secondary Corridor in lieu of 17 Street
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The TMP identifies both 17 Street and 19/20 Street as secondary corridors in the
bicycle system network. These two secondary corridors are located approximately 650
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feet apart. As an alternative to providing an enhanced 17 Street bicycle facility, the 19
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only
/20 Street Corridor could be developed as the secondary north-south corridor in the
area.
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The TMP conceptual-level facility recommendation for 19 /20 Street is:
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a signed bike route on 19 Street from the Boulder Creek Path to Walnut Street;
enhanced crossing treatments at Arapahoe Avenue and Canyon Boulevard
(completed);
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widen the existing pedestrian path connections through the two 19 Street Pocket
Parks (Goss-Grove and Canyon-Walnut);
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the existing Walnut Street bike lanes between 19 Street and 20 Street; and,
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the existing 20 Street bike lanes
To assess the viability of replacing the TMP network plan for two corridors with just an
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enhanced 19/20 Street corridor, staff collected existing use and conditions data.
Existing condition information is summarized in the table below.
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19 Street Existing Conditions
Speed 85%tile
Vehicles/Limit Speed
Segment Day (mph) (mph) Bikes/ day Ped Crossing
Athens to Arapahoe 1,500 25 -- 170 50*
Arapahoe to Grove 1,200 25 -- 140 27*
Goss to Canyon 800 25 -- 150 83*
Canyon to Walnut 700 25 -- 140 83*
* - three peak hour volume
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The considerations for the 19/20 Street only alternative are provided below.
Pros
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19 Street south of Arapahoe Avenue has approximately 10 times less vehicle traffic
making it more conducive to cycling.
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Minimize impacts to 17 Street corridor
Cons
Connection to University Avenue/Colorado Avenue primary bicycle corridor is
circuitous or requires using pedestrian-only “Ho Chi Minh Trail” located between
campus and Boulder Creek Path
Lower existing use despite the fact that it is more complete, indicating that the route
is less desirable.
Facility complex to negotiate with changes in facility type.
Lack of direct connection to major destinations in area (Boulder High School,
Downtown, CU Campus)
Based on these considerations, staff does not recommend enhancing the bicycling
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facilities in 19 /20 Street secondary corridor in lieu of improvements to 17 Street.
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Attachment H
Proposed Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation, Safety and Pedestrian-Crossing Treatments
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17 Street Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation/Safety and Pedestrian-Crossing Treatments
As a result of neighborhood input, several other transportation-related improvements have been
evaluated and incorporated into the recommended improvements. Starting at the south end of the
corridor and working north, these improvements are the following:
17th Street and University Avenue: There is a documented accident problem in the vicinity of
the 17th Street and University Avenue intersection. The horizontal and vertical curvature of the
street, high usage and inclement weather causes approximately 5 accidents per year, in which
northbound vehicles either crash into the guardrail on the east side of the street, or rear-end
collisions with vehicles in front of them.
In addition to this accident problem, neighbors living in the Hillside Neighborhood have
petitioned to have 17th Street included in the Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation Program
(NTMP). Speed data collected on this section of 17th Street shows that with a speed limit of 25
mph, the 85th percentile speed is 33 mph and 84 percent of the traffic is speeding.
To mitigate both the accident problem and the speeding issues along this section of the corridor,
staff is proposing to construct a raised crossing (flat-topped speed hump) at the pedestrian
crosswalk at the 17th Street and University Avenue intersection. In addition, staff is proposing
to construct a median, north of that crossing which will visually constrain the northbound traffic
and help slow traffic in this section of the corridor.
Speed Displays: Existing speed displays in this section of 17th Street will be relocated to account
for the new traffic mitigation and to provide better protection of the area.
17th Street and Marine Street: Throughout the day, pedestrians cross 17th Street at the Marine
Street intersection. Staff observations suggest that most of these pedestrians are Boulder High
School students who have parked in the neighborhood to the east. During the three peak school
periods (morning arrival, noon lunchtime and afternoon dismissal), there is between 90 and 120
pedestrians an hour crossing at this intersection. There is low compliance with vehicles yielding
to these pedestrians.
To enhance this crossing, staff is proposing to construct a median refuge island on the south side
of the intersection and to sign it with our “State Law – Yield to Pedestrians” signage. The
construction of the median will result in the loss of approximately 3 spaces used for short-term
student pickup and drop-off on the west side of the street. The loss of these spaces has been
included in the tables showing parking loss, earlier in the memorandum.
It is anticipated that this median refuge will also have some traffic mitigation benefit, slowing
traffic in the Boulder High School area.
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17th Street and Grove Street: Several years ago, staff worked with the Goss-Grove neighborhood
to solve an accident problem at the 17th Street and Grove Street intersection. The accident
problem involves:
vehicles driving the wrong way (eastbound) on Grove Street west of 17th Street (which is
one-way westbound); and,
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westbound vehicles on Grove Street east of 17 Street not seeing or stopping at the STOP
sign.
Both of these situations resulted in broadside collisions at the intersection. Temporary mitigation
made of parking blocks to narrow the street are already present on one corner.
Staff is proposing to construct concrete neck-downs on both Grove Street approaches to the
intersection, to mitigate this accident problem.
In addition to the safety issues at the intersection, concerns about pedestrian crossings in this area
arose through the corridor public process.Many pedestrians cross 17th Street, mid-block
between Arapahoe Avenue and Grove Street. Recent counts show that between 20 and 70
pedestrians per hour cross during the peak school hours. The TMP shows the intersection of
17th Street and Grove Street as being a future enhanced crossing location, to facilitate east-west
pedestrian and bicycle traffic through the Goss-Grove neighborhood.
The section of 17th Street between Arapahoe Avenue and Canyon Boulevard (which includes the
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Grove Street intersection) has a speed limit of 25 mph and traffic is traveling at an 85percentile
speed of 30 mph, with less than half of the traffic speeding. Residents in the Goss-Grove
neighborhood have sought to have this section of 17th Street included in the NTMP. The
conditions would not typically satisfy the minimum criteria for being included in the program.
However, it is expected that the bicycle lanes proposed on this section of 17th Street may
visually open up the street and the presence of these bicycle lanes will result in higher travel
speeds. Based on these conclusions, staff is including traffic mitigation on this section of 17th
Street.
To enhance the crossing opportunity at the 17th Street and Grove Street intersection (and
hopefully encourage mid-block crossings to cross at this location instead) and to provide speed
mitigation in this section of 17th Street, staff is proposing to construct a median refuge on the
south side of the intersection and to sign the crossing with our “State Law – Yield to
Pedestrians” signage. The construction of the median will result in the loss of approximately
five (5) parking spaces on the east side of 17th Street. These spaces are currently signed as
“Neighborhood Permit Parking Spaces.” The loss of these spaces has been included in the tables
showing parking loss, earlier in the memorandum.
Speed Displays: In response to the concerns about increased speeding traffic, staff is also
proposing to install two speed displays (one in each direction) on the section of 17th Street
between Grove Street and Canyon Boulevard.
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