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HomeMy WebLinkAboutHandout, Boulder Creek Festival Ice Rink Retaining Wall Plan Details ~ „ ~ e ro V v V I I ~ ~ ~ /~~j/~~~ ~~j/~~j/ ~j/~~j/~~ f ////~ /// /j/ //// ///j /~j/ / // // / // / / // // // /// / / /// /// ~j//// ///// //// ~ / /// // ~ / // //~ /~~ ~ i ~ / . %/ ~~// ~~i / ~//~///~// ~///~ /~ / / // // //// //~ / / //~ / /~ / j/ //// /// /~ // / / / /// //j /// / /// // ~,~~~,~~~,~- ~%, ' !~i,~~ii,~'i%'~i;; A ~ ~ ,~._,._o. ~~~~ . 1 ~ ~ ~, A SECTION YNEiln'•~ _p• ` yRVMYNyr n~ ~ .~,. , ,n ~ ~~ u ~ ~ +~ P ~n Iw mia - wVLS MF Y-6' w MArt OM' s!/at AY rvl ~~ ~, IiJ~~ LmW~CROSWU~ ~' w+sm za J s~.Trw ni ~ ~ .• R~.~ .~ ~,~ R1FR r.1BIeC YdLpr ppM ~ML ~ P-Y' 6C 1 SECTION w+c..VS-n -a' ~A~r ]/C -~ 2relu ENGlNEERS ESTIMATE: i MSE I 1,270 SF @ ~$19,000 SAND: 1,040 CY ~~ 6 40Q 'LSTRIPPWG. 200 CY @ ~ $1,600 I TOTAL• $27,000 ~ ~ `~,~as/ca ~ y=W ~~ S< ~IY' ~~=$~4~ ~~oL~~'4S~o°~ ~Sg~.'",'SS<~ ~~&gUg a~T ~~g@<<€~3 z $ m ~ z ~~ Z ~ ~" ~ ~ ~~ A V mm ~~;~€ _ > S ~ z W --1 ~ a W Y ~ N W ? a ~ ~~ 3 ~ K U Z o W - Z ~ Q ~ W m ~ 9~EET I Or 1 pB N0. BO ~ ! -~ ;' ~. i 3~.~ ~ ~-~" ~ ' ~ ~ ~. ~~ . ~' Z ., ~ ~ • ~ ~~ _ :;: s. ~ ~ ~ ~ , :lI :-~, 11 ~ ,.~~~ ~~ _~ ~ ~%~P , ~=: . ~ ..~ ... -y L . . -r, \ ~j ~ ~ ~~ ~t~,t ~~ ~. ~;. ~ e . \\' l\ ': • q . ,~ ~_ v f . r.r~ 1 .\ ~' ~, ~ _ ~ _ ~~~~ i y ' j t, , ,. . '.?T,~:~~r _ v, L" y~; ; y ,~. , " `~ ~ ~ . ~ '+' i `'`~: ~~ . - ,\ _ _ ~ , :~{ . $ .+~ :' ~ ~ • aF ~ . ~ . ~ ` i 11 . ~ ~ !~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ .~~ \ •i •;.~ t ~ ~ ~~ 'l ` ~ ,'/' r -;~ T ~ Z ~~'~ ~, ~ ` .. ~~ ~ -a i _ ' Y _ ? ~ .' - w., e _ a ~" , ~ - ~ ~ . ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~` ' .~ ` ~ ` 1 ~ - ~ i 'v. '\. ~ - ~ ~ i . ~ •.` _ t ~ / ..`.~.,..1'i ' ~ ~ t ~~~' , ~ ;t~',.:,~ i~_- ~~'~.7~~ 1i4i`~'' ~a ~ ~a' 1, ; `a ' . ;. i"'~'e '~'~"~ ~g~rl-1- . ~ . ~y~ ~ a~ ~ 1 ~~ . e, ~.- ' f.». ~ ~ ~~~ t._ :~ a. , ;s *.. -t a. ~., , ,. ` ' ~ ~~~ i . ~: ~~~# ~' ~"' ' .Lr. ..~. _ ~~°~.~.a:. !- ..-' ~ ~_ ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ L ~~ l~ L L~ L_ L v ~ ~ L~ v ~ v t`~.~,,".---°4'.~.~r. ~~. ~ ~'~ _. Iti, ~"~~`~ ~~G ' } ~''°a`~ ~.. .'t a~: ~or~~~..._ ?*~~t,s'~.'~l. ~ >. ~~~~~~-- ~ ~ r 1 ~' ~ ~ ~ ~1 t~1 ~r l ~ 1 The Keystone Retaining Wall System is the structurally sound, aesthetically appealing, easy-to-install, and economical solution to replace boulder, timber tie and cast-in-place retaining walls. As a gravity wall system, the original Keystone Standard Unit provides the weight ~~ and stability to resist applied earth pressures for walls up to six feet high. And it doesn't stop there! Keystone offers a wide variety of products with different sizes, shapes, face textures and colors for superior gravity and reinforced walls that rise in height from one unit to over 50 feet (15 m). ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~.~ 1 ~ r 1~~~ ~ i~ ~r ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~fs=--- The Keystone difference is its outer beauty and inner strength. Keystone's patented, interlocking, fiber~lass . pin system ensures positive connection between the structural wall unit and the soil reinforcement. Thc_ combination of Keystone units, positive pin connections, and soil reinforcing 4eogrids delivers rock-solic stability and performance. When you are building walls that need to hold literally tons of soil mass. you simply can't hope the geogrid is where iYs supposed to be. You need to know it's locked in place. Keystone's fiber~lass pin connection system gives you that critical assurance. ~ nev~~~~~e~Yu~ciueu ay~~em ueueivNe~ u~e ~r.r,n~c,uu~ w~.~. ~ . r w•••-^ led lo the coastructioa of taller wall her,hts and heavrer loud support. ~~ ~~ r~~ ~~ 1~~l l ~~l r~,~J ~1 i i S ~_ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~r~~~~~~~~ ~~~ - DURABLE ~, High strength, low absorption concrete - Provides durabiliry to Keystone units and total structure ~ Non-corrosive material - Safe for the environment,• staRds ap to nnture's toughest tests ~~ AESTHETIC ~ Multiple color options - Complements the Ratural laRdscaping and Qesthetics of site focations; designers have true freedom of expression ~ Angle face split textures -Allows a more natural appearance with heavy shadorvs from text~re and geometry VERSATILE ~ Angular-sided units - Allows for ensy construction of convex aRd/or conco~e curves to naturally meet the site corctours ~'.~-'-r .~ Multiple FaCe styles - Offers creative design options to the designer with the ~ abrlity to coordinate with any site or building design EASY TO INSTALL ,~ Interlocked, dry stacked assembly - No mortar required; allows free flow drainage through the wall releasrng hydrostatic loads ~ Patented fiberglass pin system - Ensures proper alignment, unit interlock and positive mechQnrca! connection 6ehveen the structurnl units, the geogrids, and the retained soil mass ~ Rapid installation - Straightforward building system allocus for faster wall coRStrc~ction; no mortar, no footin~?~ general labor vs. skilfed specific COST EFFECTIVE ::, Time saving- Rapid installation reduces construction trme ~ Mass produCed - Costs are quality contro(led with factory high-rate productioR process; product is readily avai(a61e "off-the-shelf" technology ~~ ~ Long lasting - Greater fife span offers outstandrng life cycle cost benefits -~ `~ i~ ~~l ~ ~~ siZe' ~ 8"h x IS"w x 21 ~/z'd (.200 x.455 x.595 m) Exposed Face Area ~ Isq.ft.-8"x18" Weight~ ~ 105 lbs. (50 k~ The Keystone Standard is an American ori~inal. What started the industry is still t e i~d stry leader. Its height-to-depth ratio delivers a structurally sound, engineered wall system with superior construction stability, durability, and strength. The choice for tall walls and critical structures. ~ ~~ t'~1 ~ size~ ~ 8"h x 18"m x 12"d (.200 x.955 x.305 m) Exposed Face Area ~ 1sq.ft-8"x18" Weight' ~ 85 (bs. (39 k~ The Keystone Compac is the perfect choice where the deep embedment length of the Standard unit is not required. An installer's favorite, its lighter weight and shorter tail design makes it easy to handle for smaller walls. 1`j1 l .i~l J ~.1 i~3 ~ SIZ@s :, 4' h x 18' w x JO ~/a'd (.100 x.455 x.265 m) Exposed Face Area ~ ~~~.h-4°x~a„ Weight' ~ 4516s. (20 k~ The Keystone Mini is a great solution for smaller, non-critical applications. It is easy to handle and easy to install. Makes for an attractive wall on its own or as an accent when integrated with the 8" (200 mm) high Standard or Compac units_ The proportion and scale of the Mini units blend well with brick and ledge stone typically found in residential construction. The unit is also used for the 4" (100 mm) high cap module to complete most wall installations_ The cap unit has a smooth top surface without openings to give a coping appearance. ~ ~~ ~ ~~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ Size. unit welgnL col~~c nnd availabihty may vary by region. Cunsult ynur In~al Krystou~ ReprNSP~~r,rive ~~ ~ ~ ~ . / ~ - ..r' `_ ~~ C~ ! 1~ S~ ~ l~l S Keystone's patented pin system features high strength, pultruded fiberglass pins that provide a shear connector, geogrid proof positive holder, and alignment device all in one piece. Keystone's patented pin system ensures a positive mechanical connection between structural wall units and geogrids. The pins are the critical difference where Keystone provides the saFety and security of a positive mechanical connection between units and geogrid. Size (all unit types) ;,j f/z" x 5 j/a" (13 x 133 mm) Tensile Strength ~ I10.000 psi (758 kPn) Flexural Strength , 128,000 psi (822 kPa) Short Beam Shear Strength ~ 6, 400 psi (49 kPa) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l r J -~ ~~ l ~ ~~l ~ A Keystone Retaining Wall is not complete without the "capping touch" Caps are available in~ 4" and S" (100 and 200 mm) high units with choices of face styles and the option of angled or straight sides. (Availability of cap options varies by region.) Straight sides give straight walls a continuous coping without gaps. ~'`':~ . ~ _ __ . _._._._ ~.~.~ 8" straight sides s~~ Angled sides work great with convex curves. ~f r~ ~~ ~ ~ r ~~ ~J ~f l ~ ~r ;~ ~r ~% S ~l ~ ~ 1 ~~ 1 ~ One look at the face of a Keystone Retaining Wall and you'll see what makes it stand out. Graceful curves. Classic lines. Shadows and textures. Geometric patterns. With so many options, Keystone remains the -:~`~ preferred choice among architects, engineers, developers, and contractors. Three Plane Split :;:~ Creates the natural storte look wrth rich texture Qnd warm shadocvs. Straight Split ~ Creates a refined design with. simple cleaR lines for a classic look. ~~ Soft Split ~ A nre_w_ option which ereates a similar look to the Three Plane Split but with some cost sa~ing benefits! _.;:. ~~a: ~ ~``~';=: Planter Wall ~ Combirres the natural look of the Keystone System u~ith the abifity to plant, vegetate and irrigate the wall. Wild flocvers, ivy, aRr~uQfs or other species can be planted to let this wa!! spring to life! Alternating Courses ;~ Yariations in 4" aRd 8" high units create a uRique appearance. Designer has flexi6ility with unit sizes and textures. r,. '':r~ ~ ~z •. , ~~ - Creative Options ~ Create a personnlized fook with any effect you can rmagine. Keystone's versatility can fulfill any designer's creativity. .~ ~r~l.~~~~~~~~ ~i'~1~~~~ History is replete with different types of walls that were built by different civilizations to address specific needs. The two most common retaining wall structures built today are simple gravity walls and larger composite reinforced soil wall structures. Keystone offers products and specific design methodology for both structure types conforming to local building codes and national standards. In the design of any earth-retaining structure, there are two primary areas of concern: 1) resisting lateral earth pressures; and 2) providing adequate foundation bearing capacity. Lateral earth pressure and soil instability exists any time soil is placed at an angle greater than its natural slope and must be retained to create a rapid change in elevation. The magnitude of earth pressure to be resisted is a function of the soils, wall geometry, and surcharge loadings involved. Bearing capacity is the foundation soil's ability to support the wall system without failure or excessive settlement. ~~~~r~ , ,...,,~.,. ,..~ ,. ,. ,,...~~ ,~.,~,. ., . 5... ,., ..,.. < sufhCrenl mass unrl ; t umetrv to creufe leuel lern~in rn ~ ,,,ti,,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,~,,...,.,...,...,.... r f~~1~ l ~~/ ~~:~~ ~ One of the most basic types of retaining walls, the gravity wall, relies on its mass and cross-sectional geometry to resist the earth pressure that is attempting to move the structure in a lateral direction. Keystone Retaining Wall Systems are able to resist lateral pressure with their hefty weight and deep embedment shape. The mortarless, yet structurally interconnected, Keystone units also permit water drainage to prevent hydrostatic ~ loads. For low, non-critical applications, Keystone products make highly cost-effec6ve gravity wall structures. Maximum wall height' for non-critical walls is dependent on wall batter, soil loads affecting the walls, and site conditions including drainage considerations. ~ Standard units - 6' (1.8 m) ~ CoinpQC units - 3' (1 m) ~ Mini units - 3' (1 m) , Standard and Mini co-nbirzation - 5' (1.5 rr2) (use 4" shims at tails of Standards) ~ Compac and Mini combination - 3' (1 m) Reler to Keystone design charts lor maximum gravity heighb under various sfle canditions and wall batler. 1 ~~~~~1~~~~~ r~ .~r~l ~ ~tjl~l~~a ~ For taller or more critical walls, Keystone units are combined with soil reinforcement options (such as ~'. geogrids, geotextiles, anchors or galvanized steel grid reinforcing) to create larger composite structures. With ~ this properly designed combination, the reinforced soil mass can support greater earth pressure and surcharge loads. These composite structures have permitted the construction of retaining wall structures over 50' (15 m) high. Call your Keystone Representative to see which option will work best for your project. Critical structure design issues include one or more of the following: ~ Any structure rvhere failure would result in loss of life, property damage, or serious loss of function ~ Wall heights over 10' (3 m) ;~ Sloping backfill (steeper than 1:3) ~ Surcharge loads - road~uays, buildings, seismic, etc. ~ Water conditioRs ~ Multiple tiers spaced closer tharr 2H .;~ Wall built on slope ~ Difficult soil conditions ~ 'r ~ 'J ~ ~ J Since the early 1980's, geogrids have proven successful in providing durable soil reinforcement for the retaining wall industry. Proper design methodology today incorporates the laboratory tested ~: connection strength of concrete units and geogrid in all reinforced -- "~ retaining wall systems. Geogrids are made from High Density PolyEthylene or high tenacity polyester yarns. Key p ~ ~ ~ ~ :.~ roperties of geogrid include: High teRSile strength Long-term creep resistance Open geometry for interlock Non -degradable "Off-the-shelf" availability The advantages of geogrid reinfarced structures include: ~ Econorriical construction by utrlizing a wider range of site soils for the reinforced fi(! zone, minirr~izi~ the need to import select fil! 1~~. .;~ Construct walls faster without waiting for shop drawings, formin~ stee! placemeat and currng time of _ site cast concrete; the wall structure and backfifl are constructed at the same time ~ Elimirtates the need for deep structural footiRg and excavation due to flexible os. rigid structure system ~ f'rovides durability; long term performance resists effects of rvater, micro-organisms, alkali or acidic sor/s ~~Ar~~~~r~~~~~ri'~1~r~~l~l ~~~Il~~i1S Other reinforcement options include use of high strength geotextile fabrics, composed of woven polyester yarns or films, and galvanized steel grid systems which are designed in accordance with AASHTO methods. (Steel grids are primarily used in Department of Transportation applications, but can provide cost-effective reinforcement when select fill [free draining] is available.) When use of soil reinforcement is limited due to excavation constraints, another method of retaining the soil mass is by means of anchors. Keystone units can be attached to the anchors using a short span of geogrid or direct tie method. The anchors are driven or ~~~ augered into ttie soil to create an anchor tie back to the soil mass. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~,!fi~~~~~~ ~~r~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ Knowing the unique features and benefits of Keystone's products and understanding the effects of earth ~' pressure and soil mechanics are the first steps toward properly designing an earth retaining wall system. To ~ complete the design process, one also needs to understand the effects of soil design properties, surcharge loads, structure site geometry (i.e. terraced walls, toe slopes, water conditions, etc.) - as well as the engineering properties of the Keystone system components. ~~J~~~~ ~'~~~~'~~~~~~ The very purpose of a retaining wall system is to safely hold soil in place to make a grade or elevation change in the shortest possible distance. The soil's shear strength (angle of internal friction [0J and cohesion [c]) and moist soil weight (y) determines the design characteristics of the soil for use within the wall ~ Typical design k~ (phi) dnd y(gamma) ~ ranges for co~pacted or derrse soils are as follou;s ~ Soil Type Ql - angle Crushed stone, gravel 34° + structure. The desigr- properties of the reinforced zone, ; Sands 30 - 34° the soil above and behind the wall structure, and of the i Silty sands/sandy silt 28 - 30° foundation material under the structure, must be determined. A qualified geotechnical engineer should be consulted to establish site specific soil properties. Taller ~~. walls or difficult site conditions will typically require a more extensive geotechnical investigation including laboratory testing of soil. ~y - weight 110 - 135 100 - 130 110 - 125 26 - 28° 100 -120 Determined by testing Sandy clay, lean clay Other clays Remember: the better the soil (more granular - higher friction angle and better drainage capability), the mory e efficient and cost effective the wall design and soil reinforcement solution will become. Better quality soils are more easily placed and compacted resulting in superior structure performance. ~ ~~ ~~ t.. ~~ l.l ~ ~'J ~r ~ A surcharge is a load imposed on the soil directly behind the wall which exerts an additional loading on the structure. Examples of surcharges include sloping hillsides above retaining walls, roadways, parking lots, truck loading areas, buildings, foundations or rail lines. Seismic and hydrostatic (water) loads also need to be factored as transient surcharge conditions where applicable. Typical live load surcharge loadings are: ~ Landscapircg walls, no potentia( for 0 psf equrpment or tmffic loadi~s ~ Pedestrian loading light storage 50 psf A Heavy storage, light tmffic 100 psf ,~ Highway traffic loading heavy truck traffic 250 psf ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ A retaining wall is a structural system which, when properly designed, retains a soil mass and safely supports any surcharge loadings applied to the structure. The engineering properties of the system components are determined by laboratory testing and provide the technical data necessary to complete the design in accordance with accepted design standards. Typical engineering data requirements are: ,~ Unit dimensions, shape/mass .~ Unit to unit shear strength .sfl Unit to geogrid connection streRgth ~ Ceogrid long term design strength ~ Geogrid soil iRteraction Keystone test data is available for all material requirements. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ,~ 3r1 ~ Engineering, Design, and ConstructioR Resources AUailable Upon Request 1-800-74T-8971 ~~ InterRet. rvwcv.keystonewalls.com E MQiI.• keystone~keystonewalls. com Here are some of the many excellent resource materials to help you get the job done: Literature ~,,, Product Information/Technical Brochure ~ DesigR/Construction Manual • Wall Design Details • Construction Steps • Pre(iminary Design Charts ,~ Spec Data 5heets ,~ Engineerrng/Test DatQ • Sheer Tests • Connection Tests • Water Tests ~, Instalfation Guidelines/Contractor Manual ~ Case Studies • Wide range of crnique sites • Water Applications • Highway Applications ~x ~~ • Industrial Sites ,~ • Tall Walls Software ~ Keywall "" Engineering Software & Manual ~ Computer software for • SpecificatioRS (three versions specrfic to performance based) • CAD details (AUTOCAD) Videotapes ;;1 Gerrera! Product/System Overview ~ Product Installation Techniques ,~ Ercgineering Methodology Overvrew ~ Water Effects Testing ,;~ Case Study.• Culf Harbor Wnter Instal/ation ~ ~.~~~~ ~~~~~~~~r ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Keystone Retaining Wall System was developed with simplicity of construction in mind. These step-by-step instructions will guide you through the basic process from start to finish. If more detailed ~ information is required to meet your specific site situation, consult your local Keystone representative. - Step 1. Prepare the Base Leveling Pad. Remove all surface vegetation and debris. Do not use this material as backfill. After sPlecting the location and length of the wall, excavate the base trench to the designed width and depth. Start the leveling pad at the lowest elevation of the wall. Level the prepared base with 6" of well~ompacted granular fill (gravel, road base, or Vz" to 3la" [13 - 20 mm] crushed stone). Compact to 95% Standard Proctor or greater. Keystone recommends additional trench depth for below grade placement of Keystone units on a ratio of 1" (25 mm) below grade for each 8" (200 mm) of wall height above grade (to a maximum of 3 units buried). This lowers the base course below grade locking the wall in place and also helps prevent erosion and scouring at t' e base of the wall. The base trench should be wide enough to allow for the Keystone unit and drainage zone. An option to a compacted, granular materia! leveling pad is to use a non-reinforced concrete leveling pad. (n some cases, contractors find this is a time-saving approach. Walls built to a level condition on a sloping grade require a stepped base. it is best to work out the stepped base as the walt steps up in elevation. If a concrete leveling pad is used, the step-up height needs to exacdy match the Keystone unit height. Step 2. Install the Base Course. Place the first course of Keystone units side by side (with sides touching) on the prepared base, with the paired pin holes facing up_ Make sure each unit is level - side to side and front to back. The first course is critical for accurate and acceptable results. For ali,nnment of straight wails, use the pins or the straight back edge of the unit. Using the front face will give irregular alignment due to the rough split texture. Step 3. Insert the Interlocking Fiberglass Pins. Place the reinforced fiberglass pins into the paired holes (2) of each Keystone unit. (Pins of adjoining units should be 12" [305 mm~ on center.) Once placed, the pins create an automatic setback for the additional courses. According to wall requirements and design, place pins in the front holes for near vertical (~/e" or [3 mm]) set6ack and the rear holes for 1~/a" (32 mm) setback per course. For constructing curved walls, use the front pin posiUon for best results. Minimum radius for convex and concave curves is 3'6" (1 m). Step 4. lnstall and Compact Back~ll. Fill in all voids - in and beriveen Keystone units - using Vz" to 3/a" (13 - 20 mm) clean crushed stone. Place drain zone behind the units as required to achieve total 2 ft. (0.6 m) depth of drainage zone from unit face. Peagravel should not be used. Compact material in unit cavities appropriately to eliminate settJing. Next, if economical, use existing soils for backfill behind the drainage zone. (Heavy clays or organic soils are not recommended due to water-holding properties.) In some situations poor site soils will cause higher reinforcement costs, so economics of using import soils should be reviewed. Compact soils to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor compaction, placing fill in 8" (200 rnm) lifts on a course-by-course basis or as specified by a Professional Engineer. (Use only walk-behind mechanical compaction equipment within 3' [1 m] behind the units to avoid localized overstress.) Sweep off any pebbles or debris so the next Keystone units rest evenly upon the layer below. GEOGRID INSTALLATION For taller or more critical walls that require use of geogrid, continue the installation process with 5tep 5. If geogrid is not required, skip to Step 6. ~~ Step SA. Fxcavate Reinforced Soil Area. ; Remove existing soils in the reinforced soil area to the maximum embedment length of the geogrid design. Provide a generally level soil condition behind the wall units for the placement of each geogrid layer. Step 5B. Cut Geogrid. Cut sections from geogrid rall to the specified length (embedment depth). Geogrid roll direction is from the wall toward the embankment. Check manufacturer's criteria for biaxial or uniaxial geogrids. In most cases correct orientation is to roll the geogrid perpendicular to the wall face. Step 5C. Install Geogrid. Hook geogrid over the Keystone fiberglass pins to ensure a positive mechanical connection between the unit and geogrid. Step SD. Secure Ceogrid. Pull the pinned geogrid taut to eliminate loose folds. Stake or secure back edge of geogrid before and during backfill and compaction. Remove stakes, if desired, once backfill is placed. Place addiUonal sections of geogrid, abutting each other, for continuous coverage at each layer. Step SE. Install Next Course of Keystone Units. ~ •- •~. ~= E. Step 5F. Place Compacted Backfill0ver Geogrid In 8" Lifts. Provide a minimum of 6" (150 mm) reinforced fill coverage prior to driving equipment over the geogrid with tired equipment Avoid driving or turning vehicles direcUy on geogrid to avoid excessive damage. Step 6. Install Additional Course. Place the next course of Keystone units over the fiberglass pins, fitting the pins into the kidney-shaped recesses. Center the unit over the two underlying units as shown.Visually sight down in the kidney-shaped recess (or pin positioning. Pull the Keystone unit toward the face of the wall until it makes full contact with both pins. For each remaining course, repeat Steps 3-6. Step 7. lnstalt Keystone Caps. Complete your wall with Keystone Caps (see options on page 4). In areas of high public usage, apply Keystone KapSealT"' (a construction adhesive for masonry units) on the top surface of the last course before applying cap units. Place the Keystone Cap unit over the pins on the underlying unit Pull the Cap unit forward to the automatic setback position_ Backfill and compact soils behind wall to finish grade. Finish grade with appropriate pl2stic soil cap or drainage swale to minimize surface water ilow into wall/soil structure. ~ ~ I~ O ~ ~~~~ ~~J ~~~~ Keystone KapSeal'" A construction adhesive which creates a mechanical bond between the cap row and units below. Helps curb vandalism by making sure the wall cap stays firmly in place. ~~1x~~~~r ~~ rl ~~ J~~ ~~~~~~~ ~ rl ~~ -~ ~~ ,= Spacing Tool ~ ~. This tool assures correct spacing ~= of units placed side-by-side in a straight wall or in curves. Maintains a true 12" (305 mm) on center spacing of adjoining unit pins A great tool to get the base Lifting Device A load lightening tool which allows two people to lift one Keystone unit together cutting the load by 50°o per person. Easy to use and convenient for laying base course on the prepared leveling pad. course established correcdy. ~~~~~~~~~~ Keystone's products allow for the creation of graceful convex and concave curves. Minimum radius 3'6". tor wa11s wtth many cortcaoe anQ convex curues, use fhe near vertical setback pin nl^eement oDtion for best results. ~~~~~~1~~f~S With Keystone products, you have a number of manufactured or field cut options to make corners a part of your creative design. ~~ ~,~„~r~~.u~~~uC ~~„~r~~ /Cn-n:nhe G/:~l %~!J~~ ~1~1~j~ i r J~ ~~ ~.l j r ~ Keystone products can be used to create terraces or tiered walls. ~' However, it should be noted that the upper terraces will put pressure on the lower terrace if the walls are too close together. Designing with soil reinforcement geogrids can provide sound structures in these circumstances. To avoid having the upper wall impart loading on the lower wall, a simple rule of thumb is that the terrace distance between any two walls should be equal to twice the height of the lower wall. This rule does not apply to walls built on steep slopes or over poor soils of low friction strength, in which case they need to be evaluated for global stability on a specific project basis. :_,~ C• .S i .~Tr /r1~1~1~~~~~ Guardrails/handrails can easily be placed along the top of a Keystone wall using standard industry procedures. Guardrail posts may be of wood or steel sections. Periodic interruption of the reinforcement zone for this purpose is part of the system capability. Handrails can be fastened directly to Keystone units. r~~l~l~ Keystone walls can meet the designer's require- ments of capping with optional coping of concrete (either site cast or precast), stone or other appropriate materials. This option can be used to anchor a handrail barrier along the top of the wall or to create a crash impact barrier. ~ .1 ~r ~ ~ -~ ;~ Keystone products offer tremendous design flexibility and make an attractive option for residential step designs. Steps and stairs can be customi~d fit a variety oF applications. ~ c ~~~~~~f~~~~a S ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ l~~r%S~l~~'lr ~.1~~i Jr~.~~~~~~i`lS ~ I Keystone puts design flexibility in your hands. A variety of Keystone product sizes, face textures, and colors allows you to create beautiful retaining walis that fit the specific engineering needs and aesthetic ;-_" designs of any job. ~ Keystone Walls have been used to solve problems for all levels of government appiications. • Army Corps of Engineers water structures • State Department of Transportatlon roadway and freeway projects • City and county municipal road and drainage channel projects • Parks, recreation and national parks ~ The Keystone systems meet all requirements for working with AASHTO/FHWA standards. ~ Governmental Applications Commercial Applications .~ ~ ~'j Keystone has a broad family of products to meet the requirements for residential applicatlons. From the pinned structural units as shown in this brochure to a series of smaller landscape oriented retaining wall and edging products. Consult your local Keystone representative for product availability and technical requirements. Residential Applications , , f ~ . ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~'I~~~ ~ S ~.~~~~r ~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~'~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~1~ - When it comes to water applications such as ponds, creeks, lakes, rivers, sea walls, or run-off channels, the Keystone Retaining Wall System is the proven performer. Keystone has been subjected to rigorous r-. testing, evaluating the effects of wave action, inundat~on and sudden draw down, high velocity flows, and measuring the Manning's n Value, 0.023 (o turrtten report and video of the testing are aoailoble.) Not only has Keystone proven its worth under test conditions, it also has been site tested in a wide variety of water applications worldwide_ ~ I . m ' + . . ~~~~~'~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~r JT~ ~~"" -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l J r. The design of water applications requires an evaluation of water level and flow velocity, in addition to the standard analysis of backfitl soil type and foundation soils. Keystone recommends that free-draining crushed rock be used in the normal dra.inage zone and as conditions warrant, in the reinforced fill areas. Once this free-draining system has been developed, the main design issues are the security and soundness of the foundation soil, bearing capacity, and wall base scour protection. Keystone recommends that a qualified hydrological engineer evaluate wave, ice action, freeze/thaw, and scouring effects for specific site design needs. In addition, critical applications may require erosion-resistant footing design and/or ~ riprap protection. KEY ~ ~~ Non-woven filter fabric to separate drainage zone irom soil fill zone ~/z`to I~/z` clean rock. Fill unit cores, the space ~~~~ between units, and 3'0" oE the reinforced fill ~'~ area to create a free drainage zone _ Common soil fill zone soil cap ;~~"'~~ Leveling pad or concrete tooting as specified as specified ~ ~~ ;. ~f High water level should be accounted for . with desi~n !T~ These schematic details should not be assumed to meet all possible design applications. Consult with a qualified engineer for site specific requirements.