Loading...
6 - Update MemoNovember 2"", 2005 TO: Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board FROM: James Hewat, Chris Meschuk SUBJECT: Update Memo Code Changes A public meeting to review the code changes was held on October 19`h. Some of the attendees expressed concern that not enough time has been available to review the proposed options and staff recommendations, so the review by the Landmarks Boazd has been postponed until January 2006. Another open house will be scheduled prior to that meeting. Energy Efficiency and Historic Preservation Chris will be coordinating the policy analysis. A schedule for implementation will be forthcoming. Soard Training Staff is looking into setting up a Board training session for December or January. Washington School Staff has re-surveyed the Washington School. The survey will be submitted to the panel reviewing proposals for the development of the property and to the Colorado Historical Society for a formal determination of eligibility for listing in the State and National Registers. ARTICLES AND INFORMATION: Cunent code violations on historic properties Pending Stay's of Demolition and current status 1818 Baseline Ave. State Register of Historic Places Nomination notification The Economic Benefits of Historic Preservation in Colorado - 2005 Update Forum 2006 - National Alliance of Preservation Commissions Conference Historic Context Report, Sacred Places in Downtown Boulder, Marilee Dunn, 1993 (this is for your binder, entry J) ~ Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board Stay of Demolition Status Summary November 2, 2005 Date of Date Stay Date of Address Construction Im osed Ex iration Current Status 10/27/05 - After the stay was imposed, the neighbors voiced an interest in the creation of a 864 14th Street 1918 1911 historic district. As that process 876-878 14th Street , , 1935 6/1/2005 11/10/2005 has taken on separate track, another meeting with the church was held to seek alternatives. See the November 2ntl memo regarding more information. 10127/05 - After the stay was imposed, the City contracted Atkinson-Noland & Associates to 2224-2226 Gearl c. 1900 8/3I2005 2/13I2006 do a basic structural analysis of the building, which was delivered August 23, 2005. The Board received a copy of ihat report at the October 2005 Meeting. 10/27/05 - After the Landmarks Board meeting James met the 1227 High Street c.1870 10/05/2005 03/08/2006 owner and architect at the site on October 7th to discuss alternatives. ~- Sacred Places in Downtown Boulder Prepared for the Boulder Historic Contezt Project by Marilee Dunn June 1993 Dunn i BOULDER VALLEY CONTEXT REPORT Tl~i~iE: 2.11 RELIGION SUBTHEME: BUILDING TYPE: CHURCHES GEOGRAPHIC AREA: Downcown Boulder, bordemd on the north by Mapleton, on the west by 9t6 Street, on the south by Boulder Creek, and on the east by 17th Street. 'Ibis paper was prepared for use in t6e Boulder Historic Contezt Collection, under the theme of "2.11: Religioo" Its purpose is to review the history and architecture of the churches located in the "church district" of historic downtown Boulder, in part eaamining the buildings as contributions to Boulder's built environment and in part viewing the formation of the congregation as its needs prod.uced a building. 'Ibe property type described in this paper is a building that serves a religious purpose. Swctures in this area that once functioned as charches but no longer serve as zeligious buildings are not included in this report. They include the fomer First Baptist Church (Pillar of Fire) at Spruce and 16th, the former Second Baptist Church at 1902 Walnut Street, the building at 9th and Acapahce, and the former Swedish c6urch at 1648 Spruce Sa~ee~ LIST OF PROPERTIES The properties are discussed in the ader of the founding of the local congregation. T'hey are: 1. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CH[JRCH, 1128 Pine Street 2. FTRST UNI'I'ED METHODIST CHURCH, 1401 Spruce Su-eet 3. FIRST BAP'ITST CHiJRCH, 1237 Pine Street 4. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1820 15th Street 5. ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 1419 Pine Street 6. SACRED HEART OF JESUS, 1316 Mapleton 7. TRINI'I'Y LLTI'I-IER.AN CHLJRCH, 2200 Broadway 8. SALVATION ARMY, 1539 Spcuce Street 9. FIRST C}iURCH OF CHRIST SCIENTIST, 2243 i3th Street 10. FOURSQUARE GOSPII. CHURCH, 2241 17th Street 11. KARMA DZONG. 1345 Spruce Street 'Ibe following format was used to ~eview each building: HISTORIC EVALUATION history ojsi~e date of construction original appearance alterations to structure curreru condition ojproperty types association with historic even~s or persons, distinction in the development of the community of Boulder ARCHI'IECIURAL EVALUATION architectural significance-type of building architeci or mnster builder urchitectural elements site characteristics Nalional Register/Local Landmark evaluation ~ Dunn 1 OV ,~RVIEW Religious swcaues serve as shel[ers where various forms of reGgious devodon can take place. 'Ibey are considered sacred places, not ordinary shelters, as the space can contain the presence of the divine. As an historian of religious architecture points out, "In most religiobs the divine is a being apart; his or her habitation must consequendy be a building apart, and so it is regarded as a holy place in sharp opposidon to ps~ofane space" 1 Each building discussed in this paper funcdons as a religious build.ing, and, with the exception of Karma Dzong (wtuch was built a5 a physician's office building), eacb buildir+g was built as a church and has always been used as a cbarch. A religious building can be seen as a center of reference. "Both individuals and communities require some center of reference for their lives so that amid the vagaries of a changing world there is a pivot that may provide an anchor in the ultimate. Religious buildings can and do constitute such centers..:' 2 The location of the religious building can reinforce the idea of the center.3 'Ibe early congiegations of the charches in downtown Boulder chose to be located in a central location, for mosdy practical reasons. The sites on downtown hillsides meant the buildings and their towers were visible for some distance (as a wimess to their ezistence). A religious building is regarded not only as a place where one encounters the divine but also a meeting placc where adherents assemble. A sanctuary funcrions, physically and architecturally, as a setting for the ceremonies and cin~aLs that bind a communiry. i The interior design is deteimined by the forms of services offered, and due to its unique needs it differs from secular buildings. Need of a space for the congregation, an area for processions, an area for music or dance, places for special devotion, etc., determines the layout and decora6on far the building. Thus, "the precise interior disposidon of a building will ... depend upon the particular ~derstanding or form of the communal rite" 4 The style of architecture chosen can be manipulated to contain some of the basic elements of 1 Davies, 384. Underlying this is the dualist concept of a sacred world and a profane world. The sacced sp~ce is defined by the religious building, and rhe wall that keeps the profane out also keeps the sacred in. 'ibe existence of a holy place makes it possible for humans to transcend the profane world by entering the saaed enclosure. For ezample, the doors sculpted by Lm~enzo Gtuberti at the Florence Bapdstry are lrnown as the "Gates of Paradise." 2 Davies, 385 3 It is interesting to note historical ~ferences co the center. Egyptian temples were considered to be located where creadon began, and were therefore the temple was considered the navel of the eaith. 'Ibe Jews traditionally hold that the Temple in 1e~usalem is located in the place of the original act of aeation. Tbe Greek shcine of Apollo at Delptu was eonsidered the eanh's midpoint_ According to Hinduism, Meru is the axial mountain at the center of the universe. The earliest Ctuistian churches in t.he 4th and Sth centuries- which were basilica churches~-were sited over t6e burial place of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. The building would be situated so that the altar was immediately above the crypt of t6e grave. hr J Dunn 2 rcligious architecture: Uprighdplodmound/arch, all elaborated plus roof. 'Ibe architecnual uses of mass/void, soGd/ephemeral, and heavy/light add to the effec~5 Half of downtown Boulder's religious structures are Gothic Revival in style,6 most of the others draw on classiral styles popular at the aun of the century. "Ihe area whene these churches are located has been referced tn as downtown Boulder's "church district," no doubt due to the s6eer number of ~eligious stcuctares that are within walldng distance of each other ac well as the fact that they are familiar visua! featucEs that dominate the area due to their scale, architecaual style, massing, and location on comer lots. At least two facades of each chiach are visible to the public. 'Ibe use of a tower as dominant structural element reinforces their visual impact. They are historically significant in that they represent a type or period of construcdon popular in America as well as the development of the city's religious commimity in the 19th c~ntury. In addition to theic prominent are6itectural presence, these celigious buildings not only 6ouse public worship and related activities, they continue to serve as a symbol to the secular community of that body of believers. A loofc back at Boulder only ] 3 years after its incorporation helps put us into context. As J. B. Schoolland wrote, "The First Presbyterian Church was established in November of 1872. 'Ibere were only two chu~h buildings in Boulder as yei, the Congregational, built four years before, and the Mett~odis4 not quite completed. Both were very small and swggling for their ezistence. In the Fall of 1872 two more churches were organized, the Bapast and t6e Presbyterian, with[in] a month from each other. The "News" [of October 4, 1872] commented on the overall situation, and observed, very frankly, "It is reported that the Bapticts and the Presbyterians contemplate building churches. If there is anything this town badly needs, it is two mare churches, and a couple of ~- preachers to starve to death... 7 _ 4 Davies, 388-89. For ezample, if "processions are a habitual feature of the ceremonial, then corridors for cirr+~rna*nbulation have to be designed," as in the complex of Horus at Idfu, or in Hindu temples. T'he liturgical action takes place at the altac and at the altar rail ia Roman Catholic denominations, and thus these are prominent features. Protestantism, concentrating on the word of God, airanges its congregation in rows suitable for an audience (audientes, a group of "hearers"). 5 Gowans, ziii. 6 Farlier Christian churches tended to adopt the construction methods and styles of the region and time in which ihey were built, drawing from available styles to express spiritual values rather than a particular arc6itectural style. 'Ibe Romandc revival of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries revived appreciation of t6e great medieval cathedrals and ted to a desue for a"cathedral" in every communiry as a reminder of the Middle Ages, the "age of faith." Tbe appearance rather than the funcdon of a church became determinative. 'Ibe "cathedral" exterior did not necessarily bear any relation to the interior, w6ere an organ might occupy the apse, but it "looked like a church." Gothic Revival, with its emp6asis on spirituality, sacramentality, ritual, and decorative elements, wa~ used in many churches in America, as well as Great Britain (where it was viewed as the main national styl~despite the fact that it originated in France) and Germany. Its American heyday was c.1820-c.1860, and it continued Go be a popular style into the twentieth century. Many Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches are distincdy in this "C~uistian style' of architecuu~e. A high propcxtion of exisdng religious buildings wete erected during this period. Downtown Boulder's Congregational, Baptis~ Episcopal, Lutheran, and Foursquare Gospel Church are all built in Gothic Revi~al Style; the Presbyterian is built in the Gothic Revival substyle of Romanesque Revival. ~ Schoolland, 49. ~ Dunn 3 1. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 1128 Pine Street "FreeIy have ye received, freely give. " from the tezt used by Rev. Nathan Thompson for the church dedication ]uly 10, 1870. 'Ibe Congregaaonal Church was organized by vote at a service 6eld July 17, 1864 in a cottonwood grove near Valmont Butte. It had 14 original members and was Imown as the Congregational C6urch of Bouldcr Valley.g From 1865 to 1875 the Reverend Nathan Thompson was the full-time pastor, and he was the fust full-time minister in Boulder. The Congregationalists met in a frame schoolhouse until they built the'v First church in 186b-70 on w6at is now the site of the Camegie Library (across t6e street from tbe cw-rent location). It was dedicated July 10, 1870 and was the ~irst church building in Boulder. 'Ibe total cost, includ.ing the lot, was ~6,000 9 Boulder was chosen as tbe site of the church over Valmont as `Boulder gave the promise of being the fut~u~e business and educational center and the counry seat"10 The church was built on a hillside site so its tower would be visible for miles down the valley, attracting peaple to worship. The original bell, used to call members to Sunday School and the first church bell in Boulder County, is now placed in front of the church. A cornerstone for the present chiu~ch was laid on October IS, 1906 after an anonymous gift of $10,000 was offered if matching funds could be raised. Boulder residents Marinus G. Smitb (who hauled the sand from his fann g During the territorial period, 10 Congregational churches were established in Colorado. The second of these was Boulder, now the oldest surviving congregation in Colorado. Hopkins, 2fi. 9 Schaolland, 42-43. 10 Hopkins, 30. Dunn 4 whenever needed), Ancircw J. Macky (who provided supporting gosts and tinnber}, and Tourtciott and Squiies and their twin wives were always helpful.l l'Ibe church was dedicated on January 12, 1908. 'Ibis church bui:~ing is the oldest standing Congregational church in Colorado. Built in ihe Gothic Revival style.12 the 2-12 stnry churc6 iepresents the work of 'Ibomas Mact.aren, an internaiionally Imown Colorado Springs archi- tect who aLso designed Boulder's C',amegie Library. It has an ~musual side ena~ance ramp-oae speculation is that is was built for ease of rolling cofFins in and out of the church. The contractors were Geranson and Becksorom, and Grant and Frasier. Noteworthy architecdual elements include the asymmetrical facade of Boulder sandstone in hammer-squared ashlar pattem; poin~ed-arch t~acery windows with stained glass; and the crenelated tower with its stone gargoyles, nazrow s6t openings, and tall narrow windows with wooden louvers. 'ILe omamental 6inges on the main en~ance doocs are an ezact copy of those at Durham, the oldest cathedral in England. There are few alterations to the original swct~u~e, and the property is in very good condition. T'he First Congregational Church, on the edge of Mapleton Hill Historic District, was designated a local landmark in 1976. _ 11 Hopkins, 31. It is interesting to note that evangelism was a struggle even t6en. Hopkins quoles from the February 1, 1871 Boulder County News, '"I'here has been quite a reGgious excitement in Boulder for the past two weeks. ... As there is plenty of room for improvement, we hope the good work will go on until t~e people of this ptace are made to understand that the religious portion of this community have rights which unbelievers and scoffers are bound to respect. Let those who have this revival in charge weary not in their present undertaking" 12 Gothic Revival was a style used in American churches for its wistful visual allusions to the Middle Ages. Although diverse in appearance, a number of common qualities are useful to keep in mind. These qualities are: An emphasis on visual effects of verticality in pinnacles, tall narrow windows, pointed-arch windows and doors, producing varied silhouettes; asymmetry rather than balance in massing, with a strong sense of craftsmanship and often in local stone, with textures made eyecatching by colocs and roughness, (in contrast to classicaJ w6iteness and smoolhness); and colored glass for windows. 'Ibese factors weakened the classical school with their diverse idiom. ' - --- - --- .. .-._ - Dunn 5 2. FIRST ONITED METHODIST CHURCH, 1401 Spruce Street "If you~ heart is with my hean, if you love and serve Gad, it is enough. Cive me your hand." )ohn Wesley, as quoted in the First Uniced Methodist Churc6 120 Years Mniversary Leaflet "Ibe Methodists organized August l2, 1859, with six members. The Methodist Nebraska Conference had sent the Revecend Jacor Adriance "to minister to Colorado's grizzled gold-seekers;' and to establish "a mission at the foot of the mountains." 13 Reverend Adriance anived to a town of some 70 log houses along Pearl Street, with urigadon ditches in place and plans to name the place Boulder Ciry. Reve~nd Adriance noted that "this should be an opport~miry to launch a church" 14 In 1871 the city of Boulder was incorporated. T'6e Methodists began to build their first church on the same groimd as the present church, on two lots at 14th and Spruce Streets obtained in 1871 at the cost of $200. The Church Extension Society lent ~hem $1,500 to finance the ezcava6on and foundation, and members volunteered tt~e remaining labor. T'he building was t"inished and dedicated November 10, 1872. "Ibe present church was constructed in 1892 at the cost of $22.500 and dedicated on September 4, 1892. A north wing was added in 1914 at the cost of $11,000. An education wing ad~iition was added in 1953 at the cost of $242,Wd. A new sanctuary was constructed in 1958-60 at the cost of $358,000 and consecrated in 1960. The new sanctuary seated I,I00 and the addidon also provided much neaded space for 13 1959 anniversary booklet, 2. 14 1959 anniversary booklet, 3. He also reported: "We lived in Golden City, in a little cabin 12x14, roof low, no floor, half , window on each side ... litde s6eet iron stove, ~'ound covered with sawdust, then with hay, w6ich was covered with gtmnysacks fa? a carpet. Here we held Sunday School, weekly prayer meeting, Saturday night Bible Class, etc. When our Elder came to stop with us he made his bed on the ground." Dunn 6 additional chL:ch school classes aad :; .acr r.hurc~ functions.l5 Some of tbe 6ighlights of the history of t6e church inciude a 1908 revival led by Billy Sunday; a "Heart and Hand" lerdme led by Helen Keller in 1914; sponsorship of Boulder's firs[ Boy Scout Troop in 1925; and a 1949 visit from theologian Paul Tillic6. 'Ibe church was designed by Harlan 'fhomas, who worked for Denver architect A. M. Stuckert. Chauncey Stokes, president of tr~ .., Methodist Church at the time, and a local carpenter and architec4 Was appdinted to ovecsee the construction of the c6urch. I.ocal stonemasons were Lewis Henry Teets and Andrew Fraser. (Mr. Teets carved into the section near the northwest facing door tbe image Imown as the "angel face" as a memorial representing his recently deceased daughter.)16 The bell for the bell tower was given in January 1892 by Mr. H. N. Bradley of New York, formerly of Boulder. The original church is Richardsonian Romanesque built with local sandstnne from Green Mountain Quairy with carved limestone and cream wood trim.l~ Elaborate arched windows with stained-glass, arched doorways, and a large tower witb a conical roof complete 15 from church pubGcation endtled "A Call to Colorado." 16 churc6 record of 1930s intcrview with Mrs. E. C. Horne, daughter of stonemason Andrew F[aser. 17 Richazdsonian Romanesque was a popular "Picwresque Style," along with styles such as Italianate, French Second Empire. and Queen Anne, to which picauesqueness is fundamental. As the name unplies, Picturesque buildings were inspired by such thic-8s as idealized landscape picaues a~dmired by 18th cenauy romantics. 'Ibe use of ornament heaped onto soGd mass created effects of age and stability; a mixing of omamental motifs to achieve this occurred in buildings especially in lhe period from c.186(~c.1885. Rusticaued stonework was common, for example, as were lavish rooflines and window frames in this eclectic use of borrowed fams. The Richardsonian Romanesque style consists primarily of stnne buildings with heavy round arches and rough cuttings to emphasize the stone texture and 'u associated with the architect Henry Hobson Richardson. For churches, Ric6ardsonian Romanesq massiveness had much to offer, expressing an image of venecability, as well as implying something of the awe and decon~ requisite for sancwary types. A great success of Richardson's, for example, was the Trinity Episcopal Church located in Boston's Back BaY• Gowans, 165-175 and 201-206. ` s Dunn 7 tbe design. The ociginal sancaiary seated 500 and "boasted central6eating."18 It also had a unique feature of a Sunday School coom which, by sliding a partition, could be opened to the sanctuary.l9 The new sanctuary addition is in the Modern style of architecau~e and fcawres casc conaete in the substyle of "Screen."20 Saeen was a popular style of openwork scr~eens that wezc applied to facades and walls of buildings, especially over windows, to give an effect ~f arc6itectucal richness and to disguise or to distinguish the structure beneath. They were generally made of inetal but sometimes concrete or brick The new sancn~ary addition was designed by Boulder arr.hited Hobart Wagener. Wagener was a prominent Boulder architect who was president of the Boulder Chamber of Commerce in 1971 and president of the Colorado Architects Association in 1973. Wagener designed more than 100 projetts in Boulder, including Boulder Country Club and Fairview High School. 'Ibe property is in good condition, with landscaping I' appropriate to the sice. 'Ibe church is eligible for landmarking but is not landmarked. 18 First United Methodist Church 120 Years Anniversary Leaflet~ 19 Daily Camera August 23, 1964. 20 American Imperial Modern was a style that reigned from c.1950--c.1980. Modernists believed in a purity or simplicity of style-use of materials for tbeir inherent value (i.e., brick was used for practical reasons with as litde texau'al effect as possible) with liule oRiamentation (i.e., no carving or column capitals or other wall decoration). Structure was emphasized and revealed, and Crc;e-flowing spaces were created in, around, and through buiidings. Substyles of Modemism Proper include Internadonal Sryle, "Screen;' "Mirror," "Brutalist," Arrested Rust Sheathing, "C~eometric;' "Sculpt~ral," and the last phase, "Hi-Tech:' Modernism was not supposed to be a style, nor was it supposed to have a social funetion, just to ezist. Yet it functioned as the expression of the scientiFe mode of thought that came to dominance at the timeTof new kinds of power over nature and as a symbol of new powers available to humankind in general due to science. Gowans, 271-311. , Dunn 8 3. FIRST BAPTIST CHL]RCEi, 1237 Pine Street "A'e've a story to tell to the nations, a story of truth and mercy, a story of peace and tight." QuoGe from hymn often noted in early church women's club progranu. 'Ibe Baptist Church focmed October 13, 1872 with six members and, by the end of 1872, boasted 16 members. The Reverend J. G. Maver was called as the first pastor of the church. In 1873 the congregation baprized ~.heir new members in Berkeley Lake, built ~- by Judge Granville Berkeley near tus ice house at 2108 Walnut Street21 In 1873 a building commiuee was formed. and a loan of $600 was obtained from the American Baptist Home Mission Sociery22 to build a brick c6urch at Spruce and 16th Street. A baptisvy was added in 1891. At first a portable American Cottage organ was used, but in 1908 a Kimball organ was purchased fot $180023 "Ibat church was sold in 1925 to the The Pillar of Fue Church.24 'Ibe current churc6, Gothic Revival in style, was built 21 Ciry of Boulder Berkeley Farm Landmark Application, Diana Lennon, 1993. 'Ibe lake is no longer in ezistence, but a concrete marker designates the ditch diversion. 22 Daily Camera, July l9, 1964. 23According to the Daily Camera of April 16, 1908, the Kimball organ was the first organ of its type in Boulder County. 24 From church minutes of January 1, 1925. Trus~ees authorized the sale of [he old church to the Pillar of Fire church for $10,000. It was paid in two $5,40U installments, and the Baplists left the church to move t,o their new church in June 1926, according to Fust Baptist Church historian Dr. Vincent Beach. Dunn 9 at 1~37 Pine Street in 1925-26 at the cost of around $160,000. 'Ibe lo[ was the "old J.P. Mazwell place on 13th and Pine:' 25 'Ibe cornerstooe was laid July 18, 1925 and the new chacrh was dedicated on June 6, 1926. Martin, Orr, and Martin Architects of East ~r Live~pool, 06io was the architectural fi~ selected, and Gene~al Construcdon of Denver (E.S. Huntington was president of this firm) was selected as contractor. ! Many traditiona! Gothic Revival elements were used in the design of the 1925 red brick building. It is asymmetrical, with tall pointed-arch stained glass windows with tracery in white stone, buttresses, and an elaborately decorated tower-with batilements and tracery windows--that emp6asizes the asyu-metry of the building as well as tt~e location of 1he main entrance. An educational building, the "First Baptist Children's House; ' is located on the adjacent lot west of Ihe church. Built 1966-67, it was dedicated on July 2, 1967. Built of wood frame construction with brick veneer and a wood avssed roof savctuce with cedar sbake shingles, its siting dces not visually distract from lhe sanctuary. The architect for We educarional wing was Daniel Havekost, and the general contractor was Don Miles Building Company of Boulder26 A church-sponsored preschool has been housed in the building since 1970. 1'he property is in very good condiUOn. Regarding landmarking, the church is eligible but not landmarked. 25 From discussion with F"ust Baptist Church historian Dr. Vincent Beach, and typewritten, undated letter entitled "Baptist History" in Camegie Library file. The lots at 13th and Pine cost $6,000. 26 Daily Camera, October 11. 1947. .. , _.. - - --- Dunn 1~ ...~. 4. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1820 15th Street "Christ is r-~.ade the sure foundation." T'itle of hymn in November 23, 1975 dedication booklet. Curmody comprised of one of the largest congregations in Boulder, the First E'resbyterian Church was established on November 8, 1872 in a borrowed room at the county building at l lth and Pearl (the original courthouse). The Reverend William Y. Brown, pastor ~` of the First Presbyterian Church of Denver, preacbed a sermon and then drew up a Gst of 10 charter members. In November of 1872 the Presbyterians, in conjunclion with the Reformed Episcopalians, purchased a half block of land of "smooth, dry lots" on Front (Walnut) Street, between 15th and 16th Streets.27 On October 19, 1873, the Reverend John E. Anderson was installed as the first minister. The first Session (the Sessions is the governing body of the church) met on May 1873 in the Methodist Church at Spruce and 15th Street. Ground was broken for the original church building in August 1874, it was in use beginning May 7, 1876, and on May 29, 1881 the new church, finally finished at the cost of 55,000, was dedicated. A newer sanctuary, atiached to the original chapel and built in 1895 at t6e cost of $10,000, was dedicated on May 17, 1896. The clay from the excavation, hauled out by horses, went '~ Bovlder Counry News, 3-4, September 11, 1874. The area was divided so that the Reformed Episcopal Church had the cwo lots on tbe west end next to 15th Street and the Presbyterians had three lots on the 16th street sicle. Daily Camera, November 26, 1972. On November 10, 1873, the Reformed Episcopal Church began building a church on tbe southeast comer of Front (Walnut) and lSth Streei but although use of the building began in 1874, it was not completed untillune 1875. It was dedicated on June 11, 1875 as Trinity Reformed Church with the Methodist, Baptist, Congregational and Presbyterian Churches all canceling their regular services so they could aaend the dedication. T'he church did not continue long. The minister left, a replacement was not found, and funds were low. Some members tr~ansferred to the Presbyterian C6urch. It was fi~ally abandoned in 1880 and the building sold to the Christiar Church Socienr in 1883. It was razed sometime in the early I890s and replaced with a larger c6urch building, which had its edifice reconstructed in 1919-1920. In 1962, it was sold to the Presbyterians who razed it for a parking lot. Schoolland, 50-52, 54-55. Dunn il to "C~II the chuck holes in Pear: Sveet "28 Around 1899, Andrew Camegie, an aoquaintance of lhe minister, donated an organ that served the church fa~ the next 40 years 29 In 1907, the original cha~el was tom down and replaoed with a larger 2-story swcture, althoug6 the rose window was reinstalled.3~ In 1925, Westminster Hall, containing classrooms, a dining room and kitchen, and a women's parlor, was added. In 1956, the church again expanded with a new west wing containing a chapel, activity room, parlor, choir room, and other classrooms at the cost of $25,000. In 1975, a new sanctuary was built at tbe estimated cost of $1.8 million, and it was dedicated on November 23, 1975. Following completion of the 1975 addition, Geneva Parlor was created, and other areas from previous remodelling were changed to better accommodate the needs of the churc6. The 1895 portion of the church, designed in Romanesque Revival Style,3 ~ represents the work of Franklin Kidder, a Denver 28 Schoolland, 98. 29 Daily Camera, September 6, 1964. „ 30 Sc6oolland, 99. 31 Romanesque Revival is considered an Early Gothic Revival substyle. "Under the rubric `Gothic Revival' Charles Eastlake's 1872 History oj~he Cothic Revival specified Elizabethan, Tudor and Jacobean as a matter of course. But in the United States, only one medieval style apart from Gothic was widely recognized. 'Ibis was Romanesque, w6ich in iu own time was. .. called a Round Sryle (in fine disregard for confusion with ~he Italianate, also called Round Style because of its round arches)" Romanesque was used by all the leading architects of the day as a routine altemative to Gothic proper. In church styling, Romanesque allowed Protestant congregadons to be fashionably medieval without Catholic assoc~iations. Romanesque had special associations with German 6istory and was, at this time, under an enthusi3sac revival in Germany as a national expression. ALso, Romanesque was used for ics associations with advanced science, in which Gesunany 6eld a lead Ihroughout the ninetcenth century. Romanesque offered economic ~ advantages: churches could be in good Romanesque style yet be only boxes with a few round-anhed doors and windows. Romanesque t. even[ually dissolved in~o the pot of Picturesque architecture, and was lost for several depdes until ies reformation by H. H. Richacdson into one of the greatest and most American of all Picauesque styles. Gowans, 150-151. a ! if ~ Dunn 12 architect noted for his use of Romanesque sryle in churches as well as other buil~tings. Kidder also designed Chautauqua Auditorium. Contr~actois for the 1895 building were Herrick and Milner of Boulder.32 Gothic Revival influences include: an asymmetrical fac~de, red bricY with pink sandstone trim (color and roug6ness), rounded Romanesque-style azches of stone used in windows and doorn+ays, stained glass windows, and a large tower with a crenelated rooIIine. 'Ibe newest part of the church, which contains the sanctuary, is designai in the "Cieometric" substyle of Modern architecture in geometric forms made with red brick, wood shingles, and glass.33 It "Ibe mat~rials were used to display twentieth-century technology, such as the strip windows of plate glass set into prefabricated metal frames. To demonslrate the building's function, a portion of the exterior rectangular wall is cut out, revealing a cylindrical form that indirates the interior location of t6e altar. 'lbe Denver fum of W. C. Muchow, with Peter pominick Jr. as the lead architect, designed this portion of the building. T6e church build.ing is in very good condition. The building is eligible for landmarking but not landmarked. 32 Boulder Courtty News, 3-11, September 11, 1874 33 gy ~e 1960s Modern architecture was a very mmmon style for public buildings. In Modern architecture, materials were chosen fcr, practical reasons and were to d.isplay as litt]e textural effect as possible, such as the brick walls of this building. 'I7te materials were used to display twenaeth-cenauy technology, such as the strip windows of plate glass set into prefabricated metal frames. Swctural techniques were shown so viewers could see precisely how the building was macie, what it was made of, and how its parts worked togelher. Summary of Gowans, 282. , ,. i . Dunn 13 5. ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 1419 Pine Street A mighty foriress is our Cod. Title of hymn Reverend Henry Baum came here in the ja!! of 1873 and held the f~rst (Protestant Episcopa! church) services regularty through the winter following. He nwcfe an ambitious attempt to secure 1he erection oJa costly church, had the cornerstone laid, and went Easr to raise means, but did not return to carry out his plans. Reverend James C. Pratt arrived in Augu.rt, 1874, and held services regularly until the next December, when he severed his relations with this church and gave adherence to the Reformed Episcopa! Church. AJier this, the place was occasionally supplied by the Rev. T. L Bellam, or !he Rev. Mr. Gill, af Golden. In October, 1875, rhe Rev. Charles N. DeGarmo arrived, and served til! the luly jollowing, when failing health caused his retirement. After this, the Revs. Charles H. Marshall and G. W. Morri!! officiated, each for a season, until the arrival of Rev. T.V. Wilson, who has remained until the present time (I88U). A smrtll but beaur~; ful church was erected thi.r season at the corner of Pine and Fourteenth streets (known as Sc. John's Episcopal Church), and many trees transplanled for the ornamentation of the grounds.~ The first church (Gothic of cut brick and stone) was built in 1879-1880 by the Episcopal Church at the corner of 14th and Pine at the cost of $2,500, fully furnisheci. Although it was in use until 1904, by 1901 it was evident that the church was too small, and noted New Yor1c church architects Henry M. Congdon and Son were hired to design a larger building. Rendering~ of the exterior and interior of the church were published in The American Architecl of December 7, 1901 as "S~ John's Church, Boulder, Colorado by H_ M. Congdon and Son, Architects." Conswction on the Gothic Revival two-story church began in 1902. A cornerstone was laid 34 g ~xby, n.p. Une of the major pnoblems these early churches faced when organizing was how to have a pastor, ideally full-time. SuppoR had to be raised, and ihen a minister found. Some were sent as "supply" ministers by a Home Mission board. Reverend Pratt, according to Repplier, hacl been sent to conduct services in Boulder and to do missionary work in the mining eamps of 3unshine and : Gold Hill. Those sent were often yaung, inexperienced men who 6ad recently graduated from seminar}+: a minister migh[ come because he was a[tracted to the West, or for health reasons. Once a minister was here, obtaining a place for worship was the next step Cor lhe congregation. . _ , . Duno 14 January 17, 1903, and the building was campleted, ezcept for the towet, in 1905. 'Ibe church was formally named "SG John's C6urch, We Bishop Spaulding Memorial Church" on January 26, 1906.35 A large stained glass window was added over the altar in 1915.36 The tower was finally completed in 1921 at the cost of $25,000.37 The interior of the church was extensively remodeled in 1937 and •econsecrated by then Bishop Irving P. Johnson.38 A parish house, Walters Hall, was built north of the church on the corner of 14th and Mapleton in 1951-52 and was dedicated in May 1952. It was designed by James Hunter and built by Hudson Construction ai the ~~ cost of 561,300. It now belongs to the YWCA. A chapel and classrooms was added oo the east side of the church in 1965, with old and new sympathetically connected by a breezeway. `I3is addition was designed by Boulder architect Hobart Wagener. In 1986, Boulder architect James Phelps Toohey designed a parish ball addicion. Located at the intersection of Pine and 14th, the Gothic Revival building is anchored by a massive tower with a castellated roofline. Other Gothic details are arched tracery windows of varying heights and widths, some with elabaa„te stained glass windows; medieval-style arched doorways with decaratively hinged doocs; stepped butmesses: stone stringcoursing, door and window surrounds; and regularly coursed sandstone that adds to its massiveness and medieval quality. 'Ibe strucaue is in very good condition, with few minor alterations. It was designated a local landmark in 1977. 35 Repplier, 8. 36 Daily Camera, December 22, 1953. It is of the Ascension and was executed by the Gorham Swdios of New York. 37 Repplier, 7-9. Many citizens of Boulder who were not associated with the church contributed as a civic gesture towards it~ completion. The tower 6ouses a set of Meneely chirnes, donated in 1904 by Mr. Henry N. Bradley of New Yo~ic (formerly of Boulder) as a memorial to his wife. Dunn I S 6. SACRED HEART OF JESUS, 1316 Mapleton "With a perpetual love God hath loved us, because, 6eing Iifted up from the earth, He )ra[h merc~;fully drawn us to His Hean." Jeremiah 31:3 and John 12:32, as quoted in Gladden's C'ente~nial Historv of Sacred He~rt of lesus P~~sh, 'Ibe fust resident pastor, Father Vincent Reitmayr, arrived in Marc6 1875 and began to hold services in Boulder, Erie, and south noulder. 'I3e Sacred ~ieart of Jesus Parish was founded on July 19, 1875 by the Right Reverend $ishop Mac6ebeuf. On ]uly 27, 1875 he obtained, at the cost of $600, two lots at the northwest comer of 14th and Mapleton.38 'R~e present church stands on the lot across the street from the site where the first two church buildings stood (now part of a playground and a parking lot for the school). "Ibe first (a red brick colonial-style building with a white wooden steeple) was built in 1877 at the cost of $1,600. The first mass was held there on Christmas morning in 1877. It was torn down in 1906 to make way for the next church, built in 1907 (a Gothic Revival swcture of Boulder sandstone with an 108' tawer topped with a gold-leaf cross) at a cost of $30,000. Due to a badly cracked foundation, it was razed on November 8, 1963.39 To build a new church, the land at the southwest corner of 14th and Mapleton had been purchased and foar older homes removed. A building permit for a$355,000 swcture was taken out in July 1962 and on December 23, 1962 the comerstone of the new c6urch was de<iicaced. 'Ibe church was completed in 1963 at the cost of $500,000,~ 38 Daily Camera, Sept~mber 13, 1964. The 5600 was money botrowed at l8°lo interest. Raising funds for building programs was a major occupation of the early churches and their ministers. 39 G~~en. 20. f . 40 Gladden, 20_ The Daily Camera of September 13, 1964 reports chat the cost was $525,0()0. The church was paid for at tbe tune of the dedication.• . , , Dunn l6 and was dedipted November 21, 1963. The Modem-style building seats 792. 'Ibe Sacred Heart of Jesus Pazis6 was associated with We Benedictine Brotbets, who were established in Novembet 1887 in south Boulder county as St Bernard's Monastery. 'Ibey had bcen "given care of souls in Boulder Couaty" by the Holy Sec in 1866 41 The church was designed by Laaghart, McGui~, and Hasoings, Architects and F.ngincers of Denver. 'Ibe general contracwr was Capitnl Cooswcaon Co., Denver. TLe swdio of William Joseph (Denver) designed all of the bronze work througbout tbe chuc~ch; it was produced by Zimmerman Architectuc~al Metals Co. of Denver. 'Ibe stained glass wa~ designed by George Payne Studios of New Jersey. 'Ibe 53 stained-glass windows are of impoct,ed mouth-blown antique ' glass. 'Ibe Denver Marble Co. cut, polished, and installed ihe marble wosic. 'Ibe building won 6onors from Catholic Building and Maincenance Magazine's annual national arc6itecaire awards 42 This church was designed in the Modern substyle of "Geometric." "Ibe roof has a central intersection of cross-gabled roofs (a reference to Gothic style), [evealing the cruciform shape of the sanctuary beneath, with a copper spire built at the crossvatilt, and the main altar direcUy below the spire. The roof is covered with light blue tecracoua tiles. 'Ibe building is "dark c6ocolate" brick with limestone ~-im. `I~ree pairs of bronze entry doors depict "salvation history" with sr,enes from the Bible. A seven-foot bronze statue of Christ stands above the main entrance and a seven-foot bronze statue of St. Benedict stands over the east entrance. The style is modern, but traditional references are made through cbe rype of materials used. such as bronze and stained glass. This building is in very good condiuon and should be eligible for landu-arking w6en it reachcs 50 years of age. 41 Gladden. 12. '1be monastery is no longer in existence but several of the buildings are in use by the nuns of St. Walberga s Abbey. 'Ibe monastery was closed in 1985 (after 98 years of service) due to the lack of priests. 42 from ~he Dedication of Sacred Heart Church program. -. t : _, - Dunn 17 ~ 7. TRINTTY LUTHERAN CHURCH, 2200 Broadway Oh God our Help in ages past, our Hope jor years to come, Be Thou our Guide while life sha!! last, and our Eterna! Home. Hymn. In 1895, Rev. Iohn J. Alberc was "sent by the Board of Home Missions to Boulder to ezamine the field" 43 The town was canvassed, and 31 people were pledged as charter members of an English Lutheran Church, to be known as Trinity Lutheran Church of Boulder.~ 'Ibe first meeting was held January 12, 1896.45 The congregation met in the Bapdst Church until, in 1899, they purchased a 5eventh Day Adventist building on 12th (Broadway) and Hill (Mapleton) (site is now the northwest comer of the parking lot) at the cost of $1,600. The current church was built in 1929 on the site of Andrew 7. Macky's house, which was said to be one of tbe first brick houses in Boulder. Tbis original building is the soutb half of the current building. An addidon was built in 1966, and extensive but sympathetic alteravons were made co the 2-story Gothic Revival swcture in 1984. 43 from handwritten notes on the history of the church in Camegie Library. ~ The congregation was made up of German Lutherans, which is different from tbe congregation of Swedish Lutherdns who seqled in Boulder Valley and estabIished the Ryssby Church 10 miles north of Boulder. That congregation organized in 1887 and built its tirst building near downtown Boulder in 1895, with services conduct~d in Swedish. The downtown location was chosen as newly arrived imuugranu liveci in town and had transportation difficulties. Summary from 1982 description of the congregation on file at the Carnegie Library. l 45 Daily Camera, July 5. 1964. Dunn 18 'Ibe original builciing u an ezample of Gothic Revival a~hicecture and was designed by Margaret Read, a prominent Boulder archit~rt„ lrnown as Boulder's fust woman architect and associated with Bouldc:r architect Glen H. H~mtinguxi. An addition in 1966, Modern in style, created a new sanctuary. The 1989 renovation was designed by Bob Saas of T S P Fve Iac., Denver, the geaeral contcactor w~ J, G. Tamminga Constrvction, a company specializing in church conswction, also of Denver. This addition added a chapel, office space, and a kitchen. 'Ibe original portion of the sandstone building has a front gable, structusal butt:esses, aad arched windows and entrance, 'Ibe 1989 addition to the building was done in a style sympat6etic to the Gothic Revival style of the original building, duplirating its front gable and regularly coursed sandstone to cxeate a somewhat symmetrical farade t6at gives a contemporary reference to the paired gable sub[ype of Got6ic Revival architecture. The church building is in very good condition, but may not eligible for landmarldng due to the changes made. ~f:; Dunn 19 8. THE SALVATION ARMY, 1539 Spruce °Heart to God. Hand to man. " International motto of the Salvation Army. 'Ibe First Church of the Nazarene was estabtis6ed in Bouldez on July 4, 1916 with 12 charter members.`~ The structure was built in 1922-25. "Ibe basement for the church was ezcavated with donated labor. The church was first occupied in 1923,47 and it was dedicated during the fall of 1925. Remodeling took place in 1944, a church fellowship hall and annez were added in 1954, and furtber remodeling was done in 1958 tn produce the current suucture 48 When the Nazarenes built a new church, the Unity Church obtained the building. The Salvation Army purchased the building from the Unity Church in 1991 and held their first service on April 1, 1992. The Salvation Army arrived in Boulder in 1892 with Captian Kemp as t6e first Comuianding Officer. Their offices were o0 Walnut between 12th and 13th and "from this sma11 storefront they ministered w the many who had difficulties when the gold and ~ Daily Camera, August 30, 1964. 47 Longtime Boulder resident Frances Bascom recalls that the Na~arenes used the basement of the building undl tl~ey raised enough money to finish construction. Boulder Carnegie Libtacy aral history taped inlerview with Frances Bascom,1988. 48 Daily Camera, August 30, 1964. Dunn 20 silver veins ran out" 49 In 1916 the Salvation Army move~ to 1535 Pearl Street, moving again in 1921 to 1628 Pearl. After World War II, t6e Salvatioa Army was unable to provide the necessary officer leade~s6ip to maintain the corps wocship xdvides, but voluntee~s "continued the u-ission of help and 6ope" until 1984, w6en an auziliary captain was sent to Boulder. Befoce obtainiug the present building, the Army relocated to 2819 Broadway, and then to 2750 Glenwood. 'Ibe building shows a type of conswction popular during the 1920s, built during the post-World War I urban growtb (1920- 1940). A 1-I/2 story building, it has vernacular masonry with a Mediterranean-style front gable. It is a low-pitched, front-gabled stucco-covered building with a symmetrical facade. Architecwral elements include an enclosed porch; three semi-circular arcbed windows in ftont gable end; narrow nectangular windows on front and side elevations; a raised foundarion; comer and wall buuresses; flagstone porch steps and trim; and wrought-iron porch railings. There are two classical vase orna~ents on the front gable and carved wooden entrance doors. Altefations to the original swctnre are moderate, with additions to the front and t+ear. This building may be eligible for landmarking. Historically, t6e building represents an early twentieth century church cong~gation (the Church of the Nazarene) that has remained an acdve part of t6e community. 49 Conversation with Lynnette Selig, Salvation Army. ;-; .,. • r ~ . Dunn 21 9. FIRST CHURCFi OF CEIRIST~ SCIENTIST, 2243 13th Street "Divine love always has met and always wil! meet every human need. " Mary Balcer Eddy. The congregation first met in 1899. "Ibe fust Christian Science lecture was given by Judge William G. Ewing in July 1901, and ~ , lhe congregation incorporated in March 1902 as a branch of The Fust Church of Christ, Sciendst in Boston. Mrs. Sarah Van Camp was elected First Reader and Mr. Namlin L. Ford Second Reader. 'Ibe Sunday School also was officially organized at that time. 'Ibe congregation rented space for a number of years.s~ In 1910, the members6ip purchased ~e house and lot on the southwest comer ot Mapleton (then Hill) and 13th Stree, owned by pioneer N. K. Smit6, remodeling the house to provide an auditorium. In 1924, the members voted to raze that structure and build a new church. "Ibe cornerstone for the present 3-story Classical Revival structure was laid January 8, 192b, and services were fust held in the basement unal the completion of che auditorium in June 1931. The dedication ceremony took place on November 28, 194b after the mortgage was paid. (Chriscian Scientist churches must be debt-free before they 50 Services for a newly formed congregation were 6eld in a variety of places until a sanctuary could be built. Meeting out of doors (in the case of the Congregationalists, in a cottonwood grove), in members homes, or renting space in business establishments or public buildings such as a court6ouse or local se6ool sufticed for services ~ntil a church was built. A history of the Fast Church of Christ, Scientist further details their swggle: The first services in 1899 were held in a Boulder residence rented for First Reader Mrs. Sarah Van Camp, 1832 12th Street (now Broa~dway). In 1902, church services and Sunday School were held in the Odd Fellows Hall. But in April 19Q2, the members rented Arnett Hall at 12th and Walnut S~eet "to givc them a place of their own;' and furnished it with an organ. In 1906 the membership voted to rent the Cunan Opera House (on , tbe site of the present Boulder Theatre) for Sunday moming services. In November 1907, the church shifted services tn the Sternberg Building. In I908 the church again moved to a ground floor room in a new business block a[ 1428 Pearl. In 1910, they finally purchased propeny. Summary of typewritten article on file at Carnegie Library. Dunn 22 can be dedicated.) The building cost approzunately 543,000. In the early 1960s, the property west of the church was purchased; it is now a small park anea (built in 1977) .>>:d a parking lot (built in I475) for the churc6. A stnne cottage in the park, origiaally a statia. for the pony ezpress, was remodeled ir: 1974 as the Children`s Cottage. In t6e spring of 1983, a seoond entrance to the cbucch was conswcted on the west side of the building. It includes an enclosed ramp to provide access ta the auditorium S1 The church maintains a Read.ing Room at ics property at 1434 Pearl Straet, purchased in February 1963. It has a quiet swdy room and a free lending library. 'I3e c6urch has also presents two or three free lectures to the public yearly. This build.ing is an excellent ezample of neoclassical archi-tecmre. lt is Classica] Revival in style 52 with gray brick and white wood trim. The full-height entry porch has four Ionic Columns that support a centered gable. Other details include arched windows with brick relieving window surrounds and stone sills; brick corbelling and quoins; and symmetry of elements. It was designed by Gleo H. Huntington, a prominent local architect who also designed the Boulder County Co~uthouse, and later became the state architecwial directot for t6e Federal Housing Adminislration. _ The church is in very good conditi~n. 1fie building is eligible for landmar{dng but is not landmarked. 51 ~~oric Boulder gave this addilion ics Award of F~ccellence 52 "Classical Revival styles were created by employing combinations of details and shapes borrowed direcdy from classiral antiquity (generally Rome or Greece) for t6e conscious purpose of alluding to literary and historical ideals: democracy, liberty, civic viRue..." Forms were used to create unages of simplicity, purity, and reason in general. Many of the fo~ms were drawn from books rather than real life. Monuments were especially suited to Classical Revival treatmen~ The Colorado State Capitol building in Denver is an example of Picturesque Classicism, with a thin, vertically proportioned facade typical of those in the 1870s and 1880s. The facade of tbe Church of Chris4 Scientist is a historical reference to Greek temples, as it is similar to lhat of Ihe Temple of Athena Nike on ~he Acropolis in Athens, for example. Gowans, 82-127. Dunn 23 10. FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH, 2241 17t6 Street "Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, today, and forever. " Church Motm. "Ibe Foursquare Gospel Church was begun on May 4, 1956 as a pioncering work in the Boulder community and continues today. The chuich was purc6ased by the Intemational Ch~ac6 of Foursquare Gospel in April 1956 at tbe cost of $7,000.53 The charismatic Foursquare Gospel Church has grown slowly but continuously in this location. The 1-1/2 story Gothic Revival church was built by ttie Swedis6 Lutherans about 1895 as the Swedish Lutheran Church. It was built on land purchased in 1892 for $1 by the Lutberan Evangelical Bethesda congregation from the Boulder Pressed Brick Co. T'he Boulder County Directory of 1896 lists the Swedis6 Lutheran Church at the corner of Seventeenth and Hill Streets, with semi- monthly Sunday morning services and weekly Sunday evening services led by Reverend Peter Lofgren. Sunday School, conducted in Swedish and English, was held weekly on Sundays at 3 p.m. The church building represents a rypical style of many early churches built in Colorado in the 19th century and is one of the few of this style left in Boulder. It also reflects the Swedish immigration to Colorado in tbe late 1800s and the immigrants' concept of chapel worship. An early Gothic Revival c6urch, it is built of red brick with sandstone trim in a simple rectangular plan. A cential enuance vestibule projects from the building under a centered gable. 'Ibe en~ance has a keystone. Other typicalty Gothic features are buttresses and pointed-arch windows. "Ibe exterior has 6ad minor alterations and the interior was cemodeled in 1963. "Ibe builder is unlrnown. The property is in good condilion and retains its original appearance. "I'he building is eligible but not landmarked. 53 Daily Camera, September 17, 1983 Dunn 24 11. KA~MA DZONG, 1345 Spruce Street What the Buddha Taught. Book Utle Karma Dzong is a Buddhis[ meditation and study cen~cr under the guidance and direction of Vajr~adhahi. "Ibe building is owned by ~~, Dorje Dzong, the church name is Karma Dzong. "Ibe'u founder was T'he Venerable Chogyam Trungpa, Rinpoche. 'Ibe group fust held their meetings at 1111 Pearl Street before moving in 1976 to 1345 Spruce Street. 'Ibe 3-story Renaissance Revival building was built in 19~5.~4 It was built on the site of a popular roller rink that occupied the comer lot from 1878-1894.55 'Ibe building was originally designed as an ot~ice building to accommodate medical doctocs and was ~ Renaissance Revivai architecture is a manner of the Italianate architecaual style dominant in North America in the mid- nineteenth century. According tn Gowans, "Principal influences on I~alianate generally c~me fr~ the azchitecture of nual ltaly- country villas, vemacular buildings, country churches. Two particular features identify most Italianate buildings: Brackets, especially under the eaves (in its own time Americans called Italianate `the bracketed sryle'); and roundheaded arc6es, most often used above windows and doors, singly or in arcaded pairs a triples." Noteworthy about these features is that tbey are almost entirely m.atters of visual effect, with litile function other than as decoration. For example, the building is visually en6anced by brackets that seem to provide support to the eaves. Italianace was used in row houses built in American cities from the mid-1940s on. It was also a popular sryle fa small churcbes, and often combined and/or confused wi[h Romanesque. For grander buildings, such as the Mocmon Temples in Salt Lake City, Italianate could be combined andlor wnfused with Gothic. But its most lasting popularity was as a style for commercial builciings. In the 1860s, it dispossessed all others in this field. Italianate was the style for the first great office bloc~s, the first great dcpartment stores, and the fust fire-proofed buildings. Substyles of Italianate, in addition to Renaissance Revival, are Italian or Tuscan Villa, Swiss Bracketed, Romano-Tuscan, Round, Antique, and some aspects of High Victorian and Norman. Gowans, 189-192. 55 plthougb built primarity for roller skating the rink also served a variery of ctivic funcaons, such as concerts or speeches or the annual fueman's ball. Duw 25 knowr~ as the "Physicians Building" or tbe P. I. C. Building. 'Ihe design of a build.ing for use by physicians was unique. The third .loor was a hall used by community groups for meetings fac many yea~. 'Ibe Women's C7ub of Boulder usad the hall as their ciub room. Other groups rented the hall for dances, including a subsaipdon group which 6eld New Year's Eve balls after World War II for a n~nber of years. 'Ibe building was used as general of6ce space beFore its current owners purchased i~ The associaaoo with a Buddhist community is significant, as Karma Dzong has hosted important Buddhist figimes over the years (e.g. the Dali Lama of Tibet in 1982). 'Ibe Budcihist communiiy extends support w the local Viemamese community as well as making donations to other non- profits and offering seminars, classes, and ezhibits ihat are open to the public. I ' Built w the Renaissance Revival style, with beige brick li and limestone trim, the building has Romanesque arched ' windows, a hipped tile roof, pediments, a columnar entrance with a second floor window above the entrance, and stone sills, lintels, and stringcoursing. 'Ibe building has Doric columns, a feature often used in classical revival architecture. i 'Ibe anchitects were Wright and Saunders of Bouldet. Saunders also designed the Crrill Mansion and the Mercantile Ba~ilc. Alterations to the scructure are minor; the building is in very good condidon. It is eligible for landmarking but is not larxin~Ced. .I : . ~; Dunn 26 w~~s C~~ Bizby, Atnos. Historv ~f Clear Creek ~nd Bo~lder V~evc. n.p., 1880. Boulder County News, various dates. Boulder Daily Camerq various dates. Davies, 7. G. "ArchitecWre." F-ncvclnnedia of ReliQion. Ed. Mircea Eliade. Volwme 1. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1987. 382-392. Ded ~on nf Cacrrd Heart ['h~rch• Bo~lder Colorado• November 21. 19F3. Boulder. Sacnad Heart Ch~ch, 1963. Frct MeLOdi~t C'h~ch• A Cent~ ~n C'hriet_ $oLlder Colorado. 1859-1959. Bouldes: n.p., 1959. Gladden, Sanford Charles. C'entencL~l Historv of Sacred He~rt of Jesuc_ P~rich. GOwans, Alan. ~lec ~nd T~ ~ Qf North_ meric~n rc iterm • 4cxial F~nction nd . il va1 Ei ecion. New York: Icon Editions of Harper Collins, 1992. Hopkins, Walter S., Virginia Green Millikin, Dr. Charles C. Mierow, and Robert P. Colwell. 'Ibe Bible and the ['mld RLSh• A Centurv of Cong~Ea~on~ism in Colorado. The Big Hut Press, Denver, 19b2. Repplier, F. O. A Hietorv ~f C iphn'c pi~~oo~1 C'hLrch Bo~lder f_olotado. 1873-1963. n.p., n.d. 1-11. Schoolland, J. B. A Pioneer h ~rch• FirSt Pree~y[eri n h~rch of Bo~der .olorado Territorv. Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Publishing Company, 1972. For: Marilee Dunn, 449-1055 List of buildings under consideration: 1. First Baptist Church, 1237 Pine 2. Kharma Dzong, 1345 Spruce 3. Sacred Heart of Jesus, 2314 14th Street 4. Cornerstone Foursquare Church, 2241 17th Street 5. Church of Christ Scientist, 1434 Pearl 6. St. Johns's Episcopal, 1419 Pine 7. Trinity Lutheran, 22Q0 Broadway 8. First United Methodist, 1401 Spruce 9. First Presbyterian, 1820 15th Street 10. Boulder Seventh Day Adventist, ????? 345 Mapleton (it may have moved) 1 l.First Congregational, 1128 Pine ~ 3~