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5A - Continuation of the June 14, 2005 consolidated public hearing on the Valmont Butte Proposals CEMEMORANDUM july 6~', 2005 TO: Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board FROM: Ruth McHeyser, Director of Long Range Planning Matteo Moore, Historic Preservation Intem James Hewat, Historic Preservation Planner SUBJECT: Continuation of the June 14~h, 2005 consolidated public hearing on the Valmont Butte Proposals CEAP regarding a fire training center, a biosolids recycling center and Open Space and Mountain Parks property, located south of Valmont Road and east of 615h Street. The public comment portion of this hearing is closed. SUMMARY: The purpose of this item is for the Board to consider the potential effect of locating a fire training center and bio-solids recycling facility at Valmont Butte and establishing a cultural landscape management area (CLMA) as identified in the Community and Environmental Assessment Process (CEAP) report. • There is evidence of prehistoric and historic use of the area. Over the past 140 years the Butte has been mined for basalt and gravel. A brickyard was located at the west end of the formation in the nineteenth century. In 1935 a flotation mill was established to refine gold ore. The facility was converted to mill fluorspar in the 1940s. ^ A 2001 Historic Resource survey has determined that resources in the area eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places including the main flotation mill building and adjacent water pump house. ^ The flotation mill at Valmont is recognized as being one of only several still in existence in the United States. ^ The intent of the cultural landscape management area (CLMA) is to protect significant cultural and historic resources while providing a buffer between development and Valmont Cemetery. ^ The city has consulted with 13 native American tribes to solicit S:~PLAN~dataUongrang~f3IST\Valmont Butt~\07.06.05 memo.docJames Hewat Page 1 7/1/2005 input from native American tribes with a history of use of the Valmont Butte as to what their concerns are. ~ If the Valmont Butte is chosen as the location for the fire training center and bio-solids recycling facility the city plans to annex the land and proceed with landmarking of the historic mill. BACKGROUND: The Community and Environmental Assessment Process (CEAP) describes and evaluates the 102 acre Valmont Butte site as a location for the fire training and bio-solids recycling centers. The site was purchased jointly in 2000 by the city Open Space and Mountain Parks Department, the city Public Works Department and the city Fire Department. PROPOSAL: Plans call for the location of the fire training center on 36 acres and the bio-solids recycling facility on 38.3 acres of the property, with the remaining 27 acres to be dedicated as open space. The 11 acre cultural landscape management area is shown to be located primarily on the fire training facility site with a very small portion encroaching onto proposed open space land at the northwest corner to encompass the water storage building. There is evidence of prehistoric and historic use of the Valmont. Over the past 140 years the Butte has been in agricultural use as well as having been mined for basalt and gravel. A brickyard was located at the west end of the formation during the late nineteenth century. In 1935 a flotation mill was established to refine gold ore. The facility was converted to mill fluorspar in the 1940s. The intent of the cultural landscape management area (CLMA) is to protect significant cultural and historic resources while providing a buffer between development and Valmont Cemetery. If the Valmont Butte is chosen as the location for the fire training center and bio-solids recycling facility, the city plans to annex the land and proceed with landmarking of the historic mill and development of a management plan for the CLMA. The Open Space departmenYs mnservation of significant land forms and relatively undisturbed areas contain a variety of native vegetation, wildlife habitat, and archaeological resources. In total, nearly 38 of the 102 acre site will be preserved. The city has consulted with 13 native American tribal governments to solicit input from tribes with a history of use of the Valmont Butte as to what S:~PLAN~dataUongrang~IIST\Valmont Butt~\07.06.05 memo.docJames Hewat Page 2 7/1/2005 their concerns are. Through the consultation process, the city has agreed to provide access to the property to tribal members for religious ceremonies including the sweat ceremonies. In addition, the city and tribes have established a process to monitor ground disturbing activities (and in the event of an archaeological discovery), a protocol for avoidance and mitigation. The city has also agreed to assist in the repatriation of native American artifacts that have been removed from the site. A letter from the Northern Arapaho (attachment B) has been received indicating that tribal govemments agreement with these terms. Both archaeological reports undertaken have been filed with the Colorado state archaeologist. THE BOARD'S DECISION: The Board's review of the proposed project is advisary and limited to the impact of the proposed development. In assessing the proposal the Board should consider the following: ^ Is the proposed development in conflict with the purposes of the identified CLMA? • Are there suggestions for the management of the CLMA? • Are there particular resources that should preserved? Comments and recommendations regarding the impact of the proposed development on cultural resources at Valmont Butte should be adopted by the Board in the form of a motion. These comments and recommendations will be forward to the City Council for their consideration. ATTACHMENTS: A Letter from the City of Boulder to the northem Arapaho tribal government. B Letter from northern Arapaho Business Council D Historic Overview of the Valmont Mill E Archaeological Investigations at Valmont Butte Mill Site, RMC consultants F A Summary of the History and Archaeology of the Valmont Butte, Gleichman G Environmental Advisory Board (draft) Resolution S:~PLA1V~data\longrangVIIST\Valmont Butt~\07.06.05 memo.docJames Hewat Page 3 7/1/2005 Attachment A CITY OF BOULDER a,,~;,/r'.,, Planning and Development Services ~~: ~ 1739 Broadway, Third Floor • P.O. Box 791, Boulder, Colorado 80306-0791 phone 303-441-1880 • tax 303-441-3241 • email plandevelopC~?ci.boulder.co.us www.c i. bo u Ide r.co. us/pwpian May 19, 2005 Mr. Bil) Blind, Chairman Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma P.O. Box 38 Concho, OK 73022 Dear Mr. Blind: On April 16 -17, 2005, the Ci[y of Boulder held a consultation with several Indian tribes, [he Medicine Wheel Coalition and the United Tribes of Colorado. The consultation was also attended by representatives of the Colorado Commission on Indian Affairs and the Native American Rights Fund. Several tribal representatives, especially the members of the Northern Arapaho tribe, expressed interest in protecting the cultura] resources on the Valmont Butte property which is being considered for two city projects. After two days of consultation and fact-finding with city representatives and members of the community, the city and the Northern Arapaho agreed upon eight terms that would help to protect the site. The city committed [o these terms if it proceeds with additional development of the Valmont Butte property. (See enclosed letter.) The other tribes participating in the consultation seemed agreeable to these terms. No objections to the commitments were made. The Boulder City Council will decide in August 2005 whether [o proceed or not with the Valmont Butte proposals. A letter from your tribe suppoRing the agreement between the city and the Northern Arapaho as addressed in [he enclosed letter would be greatly appreciated. Please address your letter to: Frank Bruno, City Manager City of Boulder P. O. Box 791 Boulder, CO 80306 If you have any questions, please contact me at 303-441-3291 or Clair Green at 406-547-3639. Sincerely, Peter Pollock, Planning Director City of Boulder cc: William L. Pedro, NAGPRA Representative Joe Big Medicine, NAGPRA Representative 4 Attachment B Northern Arapaho Business Council P.O. Box 396 Ft. Washakie, Wyoming 82514 Phone 332-6120 - 332-5006 - 307-856-3461 June 2, 2005 Mr. Frank Bruno, City Manager Cit~ of Bauld~; P. O. Box 791 Boulder, CO 80306 Dear Mr. Bruno: This letter is in response to your letter dated May 19, 2005. The Northem Arapaho Tribe suppoRs the agreement with the city of Boulder regarding the additional development of the Valmont Butte property. If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at any of the above nurobers. Sincerely, ,lt~ << l}~. ~--~~, Richard Brannan, Chairman -(<.; . Northem Arapaho Business Council cc: Alonzo Moss, ALCC Joann White, THPO Robert Goggles, NAGPRA Representative Eugene Ridgley, Jr., WRTC ~ Attachment D HISTORIC OVERVIEW OF THE VALMONT MII,L BOULDER COUNTY, COLORADO By Ted Hoefer III Dawn Bunyak Prepazed under the supervision of Mazilyn A Martorano, Principal Investigator Prepared for City of Boulder, Colorado Fire Department ~ 1805 33=d Street Boulder, CO 80301 Prepared by Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc. 350 Indiana Street, Suite 415 Golden, CO 80401 303-2?&0622 Fas 303-278-0624 FEC Project No. 01-603 Apri15, 2001 ~ Historic Ouerview o( the Valmont Mll Boulder CountY, Colorado TABLE OF CONTENTS IN'I'RODUC7`ION ............................................ Pace ................ • • • ...............1 ME'I'HODS ......................................................................................................................1 MILL SITE SURVN,'Y .............................................. ....................................................1 RECORDS SEARCH ............................................... ....................................................1 ffiSTORY OF TE~ VALMONT MILL ........................ ....................................................3 HISTORIC CONTEXT ................................................ ....................................................5 SIGIVIFICANCE RECONIl~~NDATION .................... ..................................•••...............6 RECOMbIENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL WOR.K ........................:...........................7 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................... ....................................................8 LIST OF FIGURES Fisture Paae 1 Site Location Map ................................................ ............................•••....................2 LlST OF APPENDICES Aaoendix A 1981 Inventory Record for Site 5BL796 C~2U011078IXi1va4nmt Mma 2Cx Foothil! Engineering Consultanta. Inc. ~ Historic Oueruieui o/ the Ualmone ~ll Boulder Coonh4 Colorodo LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CHS Colorado Historical Society Foothill Foothill Engineeri.ng Conaultants, Inc. HABS Historic American Building Survey H~1RR Hiatoric American Engineering Record NRHP National Register of Aistoric Places OAHP Office of Archaeology and Eiistoric Preservation SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer r.~xa~ai~.aima+wa.zax ii FoothillEngineeringConaulwnta,lnc. ~ Historic Over~ieru of the Yalmont Mili Boulder County, Coiornda INTRODUCTION The City of Boulder, Colorado has acquired property in and around the Valmont Butte area in Boulder County. This property is to be uaed for a variety of purposes, including fire training exercises. The City of Boulder Fire Department contracted with Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc. (Foothill) to conduct historic research on an abandoned mill site, commonly known as the Valmont Mill, located on the portion of the property the city is proposing to use as a fire training azea. This report outlines the historical significance of the site, research methods used to qualify the statement of significance, general history of the site, recommendations for additional work at the site, and bibliography. The report was compiled by Dawn Bunyak and Ted Hcefer III under the direction of Marilyn Martorano, Principal Investigator. The mill site is located at 3000 North 63rd Street at the intersection of 63rd Street and Valmont Road, northeast of Boulder, Colorado in the SE1/4, SE1/4 of Section 22, T1N, R70W (Figure 1). The mill is situated on the south side of Valmont Butte, an elongated hillock that is a porphyritic basalt dike. METHODS MILL SITE SURVEY Prior to conducting archival research, a site visit was conducted at the mill aite. 'I'he aite visit revealed that the mill is intact and contains a mill building, internal equipment, ancillary buildinga, and a railroad apur into the mill. A steam shovel from an earlier atone quarrying period is situated on the site near the rail apur. Detailed inventory and mapping and completion of Colorado Historical Society (CHS) O~ce of Archaeology and Historic Preaervation (OAHP) forms were not conducted during this aite viait. RECORDS SEARCH Information on the history of the mill site was gathered at the Boulder Carnegie Library of Local History. This information included a historical outline of ownership, history, mapa, historic photographs, and a study of the environment and land use of the ~:~ooieiaoaw.e~wn wm zao~ Foothi!! Erzgineering Consullanls, Inc. 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' I ~ i + ' I~ ' ' _ ~ •1'~t~ ~ If i../.~ C.1 ~ Location of Site 5BL796 OATE: SCALE: DR.4WNBY: USGS 7.5' Quadrangle-Niwot ~967r.1979 r ~ r2a,ooo uscs 1' 'L ~~ Historic Oueruiew of the Ualmont Mili Bor~lder County, Colorod,o Valmont Butte area. Tom Hendricks, owner of the Hendricks Mill, was interviewed to gather information on the later history of the mill. A records search at OAHP revealed that the Boulder Historical Society had submitted an inventory record for the site in 1981. A copy of the inventory record is provided in Appendix A. The site, which includes the mill, a cemetery, and other industrial features, has been assigned Smithsonian site number 5BL796 by the CH5. The site form is contained in Appendix A. 7'he 1981 field assessment evaluated the mill as potentially eligible to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); however, a determination of eligibility was never made by the CHS. A record search at the Land Use Office Boulder County Courts provided two aerial maps of the site from 1973 and 1984 (PSCO 3-2076-248 and 7E). A search at the Western History Department of the Denver Public Library for Sanborn Maps, photographs, and other information produced no results. HISTORY OF THE VALMONT MILL In 1935, the St. Joe Mining and Milling Company, owned by Andrew Zangara, purchased land on Valmont Butte to erect a second gold mill for their min;ng operations in Left Hand Canyon. Zangara had high hopes for his mill. In a 1936 prospectus, he reported that the mill would feature a 250-ton custom cyanide mill that would concentrate crude ore by flotation and refine it down to the recovery of gold and silver bullion. Through a series of roasting and cyanide processing, a final product of gold would be produced and sold to the National Nlint in Denver. In the end, the mill never produced the quantity promised and eventually the St. Joe Mining and Milling Company went bankrupt. In 1938, Zangara converted the single circuit mill to concentrate IIuorspar and renamed his business as the Crystal Fluorspar Company. It too failed. However, defense industry market demands for fluorspar prompted the Denver-based General Chemical Company (predecessor of the Allied Chemical Corporation) to purchase the mill and surrounding property on November 17, 1941. Al McGowan, General Superintendent of the mill for General Chemical, doubled the size of the Crystal Fluorspar Company Mill and increased its ability to process up to 200 tons per day of fluorspar to manufacture a calcium fluoride product. The company constructed a three-story, stepped building adjacent to the original mill that included a new boiler i:12001101~i1valmont butte 2.doc 3 Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc. II Hutoric Overuiew o/ the [~almont Mill Boulder County, Colorado room and conical crusher. The enlarged plant was reconfigured into a facility for the concentration and refining of fluorspar into calcium fluoride and a second circuit for a lead-zinc concentration. The Burlington Mine in the Jamestown Mining District of Colorado transported ore to the mill. 'I'he mine's ore contained a mixture of fluorspar and lead-zinc. Proceeds from the lead-zinc concentrate were sufficient enough to pay miscellaneous expenses for the mill operation. Three wooden ore bins used at the mill were replaced with steel ore bins in the late 1940s. The mill used established flotation processes adding surfactants to the water to ensure adhesion of minerals to the bubbles. The bubbly foam was swept off into a 5-foot-by-50- foot drum cylinder for the drying process. Pipea carried the tailings down the hill approximately 0.25 mile away from the plant by gravitational pull. In addition, the location of the mill on the butte and near the Colorado and Southern Railway and its Sioss Spur afforded the advantage of shipping concentrates by rail. Rail cars were backed into the site and loaded from an overhead concentrate silo at the lowest end of the mill. The high-grade calcium fluoride concentrate was shipped twice daily to the west coast to be uaed in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, a chemical acid commonly i used by industries. By 1970, the mill's production was down to 45 to 50 tons of calcium fluoride per day. Due to stockpiling of calcium fluoride by the Defense National Stockpile Center, production demand was down and Allied Chemical Corporation closed the mill in 1973 and ahifted their operation to low cost open-pit operationa in Mexico. The Mineral Exploration Division of Allied Chemical Corporation continued to operate their offices at the mill site until 1976. In 1971, Hendricks Mining Company leased the mill from Allied Chemical Corporation and reconfigured the mill to treat gold ore. The fluorspaz flow pattern was left in place in the building and Wilfley tables were added to the flow pattern in order to concentrate gold and silver. The mill processed gold ore that was trucked into the Valmont Mill principally from the Cross and Caribou mines west of Nederland, Colorado. Tailings continued to be piped underground to the east end of the butte into tailing ponds. In 1976, TusCo bought the mill from Allied Chemical Corporation and continued its lease with Hendricks Mining Company. In 1991, due to high rent coats and intermittent operation, the Hendricks Mining Company terminated its lease with TusCo, but i.~„~~~~~,Y,,,,,i~.i~ 4 FoothillEngineeringConsultants.Inc. ~2 HisWric Oueruiew of the Volmont Mill Bomlder County, Colorado retained an o~ce on the site until 1994. The mill has been closed since 1991. Eventually, TusCo sold out to the Valmont Butte Corporation. HISTORIC CONTEXT Increased levels of min;,,g in the late nineteenth century in the United States greatly reduced high-grade ore bodies (ore high in a aingle mineral source). By the twentieth century, the industry seriously looked to complex ores containing smaller quantities of valuable metals and pondered how to extract the desired metai from its waste rock. Formerly used concentration methods provided only two products, a mineral product and waste. With the development of the first commercially succesaful flotation mill in 1905, the m;n;,,g industry was able to selectively sepazate desired minerals from low- grade ores into several concentrates. Flotation is a method for concentrating metals from finely-ground ores in a water bath, with either the ore pulp or the water bath chemically altered with reagents and frothers to encourage the separation of minerals. The development of flotation allowed for the most efficient means of mineral recovery to date. Although a very significant component of America's mining industry, early flotation mills are an endangered cultural resource. Current flotation mills use the same fundamental method developed at the turn of the twentieth century. With developments in equipment and increased extraction of ore; the small mills of the early decades of the twentieth century became obaolete. A vital portion of America s early mining history has been removed by building new, larger mills on the sites of older, smaller mills and salvaging of equipment. Natural deterioration has adversely affected older abandoned mill sites, and environmental cleanup has resulted in wholesale removal of mills. Due to its location in an industrial area and its elevation, the historical integrity of the Valmont Mill site has not been threatened by encroaching urban growth from the Boulder community. A 1998 National Park Service study (Bunyak 1998) determined that there are relatively few extant flotation mills remaining in the United States. The study found two fully intact, 500- to 2,000-ton mills left in the United States and estimated that there were approximately 25 50- to 200-ton mills remainuig in the western United States. The i~2007101AIXi1wlmonl Mte 2AOe Foothill Engineerirzg Consultants, Inc. I J Historie Overview o/ the ValmonE Mil1 Boulder Comnty, Colorado report recommended that a more comprehensive inventory of the smaller 50- to 200-ton properties ahould be conducted. A study by mining engineer Harrison Cobb (Cobb 1988) found a similaz situation in Boulder County, Colorado. According to Cobb, although Boulder County was not a major mining district, it once had more than 100 mills. At the time of his atudy, Cobb found only five operable and two producing mills in Boulder County, one of which was the Valmont Mill. The St. Jce Mining Company constructed the Valmont Mill as a 100-ton gold mill in 1935. The mill, perched on the edge of the dike, is an ideal location for a gravitational flotation mill. The ore concentrator drew water up the hill to the aite for use in its flotation process. Gravitational pull causes ore and water to flow down and through the concentrating process with the least amount of effort. The flotation process was reconfigured to concentrate fluorspar in 1938. Different surfactants were added to separate the fluorspar. In the early 1940s, market conditions prompted Allied Chemical Corporation to purchase and enlarge the mill. By the late 1970s, the mill was reconfigured again to extract gold from mine tailings. A mill reflecting the evolution of technology can also retain a high degree of integrity. In this case, Vaimont Mill i displays two flow patterns: one for the concentration of fluorspar and one for gold. Its reconfigurations and multiple uses only emphasize the evolution of the mill's technology and building. This evolution was quite common in the milling industry. Even with the 1941 addition of a secondseries of buildings to the west of the principal plant built in 1935, the majority of the historical fabric is intact and the Valmont Mill retains a high degree of historic integrity. SIGNIFICANCE RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that the Valmont Mill complex be considered eligible for nomination to the NRHP under Criterion A. The mill complex is significant as one of the few remaining eazly twentieth-century flotation milla in Colorado reflecting America s muung heritage. The mill complex exhibits integrity of setting, location, workmanship, material, design, association, and feeling. It is an integral component in the history of the Colorado mining induatry. t~xooie~~~~.i~nam.zax 6 FoothillEngineeringConaultanta,lnc. 14 Historic Ouerview o/ the [~almont MIl Boulder Co¢nri Colorado The Valmont Mill is an outstanding representation of a small 50- to 200-ton ore processing facility and reflects the broad national pattem of American mining and milling history in the twentieth century. Examples of production, technology, and transportation necessary for the operation of the mill are reflected at the mill site. The complex of buildings represents flotation and cyazude milling, conveyance to mill, equipment and technological processes, power source, water source, administrative operations, assay offi.ce, storage buildings, and conveyance to final processing (rail and road). RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL WORK Additional work at the mill site is dependent on how the property will be used in the future. If the property is to be destroyed or altered through environmental cleanup activities or fire training exercis~ s, additional work is recommended to mitigate the effects of these activities. If the mill site is left as is and not used, it should be protected from natural deterioration and preserved as a monument to the history of mining in Boulder County and Colorado. At a minimum, it ia recommended that the mill be recorded using current OAi~ atandards. Specific recommendations are liated below. 1) Implement a formal survey of the site to document the structures, aite layout, and equipment. An internal survey of the mill is needed to verify that all working parts of the mill are on-site. OAHP forms should be completed to include information left off the 1981 forms and enhance the existing information. The 1981 forms contain little information and do not meet the current OAHP standards. Documentation should include mape or the mill layout and black and white and color photographs of the structures, equipment, and setting. After the forms and documentation have been completed, the City of Boulder ~ire Department ahould request an official determination of eligibility from the Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO). 2) If the mill is not to be disturbed, actiona should be taken to stabilize the mill and protect its historic integrity. 3) If the mill is to be adversely impacted by cleanup or fire training activities, a data recovery plan should be written and implemented to mitigate the adverse effect. This plan should be written in consultation with the Colorado SHPO. Mitigation actions could include, but are not limited to, the following: . Historic American Building Survey (HABS) and Histaric American Engineering Record (HAEA) documentation of the mill contents. . Additional research to locate any flow charts or other information concerning the operation of the mill. c~ooie~~oa~.a~mo~n e~m. zao~ 7 Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc. I5 Historic Ouerview ojthe Vaimont M'al Boulder Countv, Cokrudo . In-depth interviewa with mill owners and/or employees. . Additional research to determine whether the mill ia posaibly a nationally significant pmperty in the context of fluorspar processing. Fluorspar has been recognized as vital to the nation's security and economy and is used to manufacture products such as aluminum, gasoline, insulating foams, refrigerants, and steel and uranium fuel. BIBLIOGRAPHY Boulder City Directories, 1935-1940. Boulder Caznegie Library of Local History, Boulder, Colorado. Photographa, 1936-1942, General Chemical Company Mill, Valmont, Colorado. Boulder Daily Camera. Valmont Colorado history clippings.' Boulder Minerals Corp. Prospectus, 1936. Bunyak, Dawn 1998 Frothers, Bu6bles and Flotation: A Suruey of Flotation Milling in the Twentieth-Century Metals Industry. U.S. Department of Interior. National Park Service. Denver. Cobb, Harrison. 1988 Prospecting Our Past: Gold, Siluer and Tungsten Mills of Boulder County. Boulder. Colorado: The Book I,ode. Colorado Hiatorical Society 1981 Inventory Record for Site 5BL796. O~ce of Archeology and Historic Preservation, Denver. Denver City Directoriea, 1935-1950. Ehernberger, James L. and Francis G. Gshwind. 1966 Colorado and Southern, Northern Diuision. Callaway, NE: E& G Publicationa. Hendricks, Tom, owner of Hendricks Mining Company. Interviewed by Dawn Bunyak, March 27, 2001. Miller, M. Michael. 1999 "Fluorspar." U.S. Ceological Survey Minerals Year6ook. Prospectua of the Bouider Minerals Corporation, 1936. ;:~zaoiwtaamw~xwn.zdoo 8 Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc. 16 HistoRC pv¢rvie`u o( the Yalmont M'~!1 Boulder County, Cobrado Schoolland, J. B. 1980 From Search for Godd to the Gold of Research. Boulder, C0: Johnson Publishi.ng Co. 1967 Boulder Then and Now: Picturesque Boulder and Gems of Boulder County. Boulder, CO. Pruett Preae, Inc. Tripp, Michaei R. 1970 Valmont Dike Natural Area Study Report, 1970. University of Colorado, Boulder. Department of Geography. $oulder. ~" Weiss, Manuel M. 1981 Tlee Boulder County Historical Site Survey. United States Department of Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service and the Boulder County ~iistorical Society. ~~„~~~,N~ y~. z~ 9 Foothill Engineering Cortsultants, Inc. l7 APPENDIX A 1981 Inventory Record for Site 5BL796 t~zoo~w~ao~.amax axu zaoc Foothill Engeneering Consultants, Inc. ~g I`L°ORTF.NT: OSc iN CO;~_;.~:C'IIO?~ wIi~ ic:c GREEti I\tiLST_Cc2Y ~T-`-~CORD FOELu FOP. FOR .~.rCOtZ~i::v" 6i5TORIC 5-3tiCTL'RES ~~'D DISTRIC?S. L'Sc SEPAR4T=LY FOR R°_CO?.DI:IG ..;liCTli~S :.,,~..I~D GITHi\ P;STRICT 30C~D6~_°_5. yo.'~~ L~~~j(p 2) Te~p So. 3) `iamecr Tn ~r:l~ ' lmn„r n~=.• n~•-' _ r,,.~-,-•,-~Z Distric[ Name Valmont Butte IiiStoriC District ?': 6) Cond::ion: Good ti~ Fair _ Deceriora[ed _ inal Use y~i ~ 1 8~ ?:esent Use ~•, i nal Site _Moved _~Date(sZ of Mmie: r~~~ ered , 2lcered X E.i-pla:a: ~1rou~n the past 5Q vears the nill has sed silver, gold,and ilourspar Sorae new buildinQS have been erected the north. 111 3uilding :'acerials wood/COZ'TU¢ated II1eta1 ction Date 1931 13} arcnitect/Builde: tectural 5[yle(s) vern2ct:lar Feacures/Su:rounfliags: ie mill is located ott the sout'ier~ ~; ~P nf rAo ~utte. To th Potential: °es _ No , ~nknorm ~ Fxplai~: Key the :esource t~~e (ie: house, barn, shed, school, church,ecc} [o the cultural ac:ivi:y theme and sub-the~ne ca[egory associated vith i:. mineral nili I ( (~ttach ?hotograpns) Frane Number lg Roll Vumoer BL25 Facade Orien~ation SE ,~ssess vhethes or not the resource nas anp historical or architectuzal merit by checking approprzate categories and justifyina belov. Include any relevant historical data. chitectural Signi:icance: 21) Historical Significance: ~resents vork of a master _ Associated vith significant persons ssesses high artistic values _ Associa[ed vith significant events or presents a type, period, or patcerns thod of construction ~ Contzibutes to the significance of an his:aric discrict In 1931 the~St. Joe Tiining and :tiLling Company erected the present in Left i~and~Canyon, approximatelv one-half mile below Lick Skillet . It was designed to process the oold ane silver ores of the area. years later it was ~oved to Valnont Butte. General Cnenical (predecessor of Allied Chemical; purchased the in 1940 and the Eollowing year insCalled a new boiler room and cal crusher so as to switch the process from gold and silver to rspar. This ore was produced by the Burlington :Sine in Jamestown and erted at the iaiil to calcuim flouride. This chemical in turn was ped to the west coast to be used in the manufacturing of steel. By the mi11 was producing 45 to 50 ton~ of CaF1 a day. A11ied Chemical ed the nill in 1973. Tom Hendricks purcl:ased the mi11 in December 1976 and im*nediately ched tr~~ processing from flourspar back ~o silver and gold. He continues andle custom ore as well as ore from his nines at Caribou. Presently, the Hendricks ;Iining Cor.~~~Nv i~ill (formerly St. Joe), is of two proclo~in~ mi11s in Boulder Cour.~y~and should be noted as a historic in its ca..~inuing tradition of workino the rich ores of boulder Count~. ~y Associated Cultural Group: iQA PP, ciichael P~. et al, (editors), Valmon= Dike :datural Study Area, Boulder orado liniversity Dep°`„_ment of Geographv, Z970. hooland,J.B., Boulder PerseDective-Fror.~ Search for Gold to the Gold nesezrcn,Boulder: Johnson Publisnino Company, 19 erview - A1 :icGowen, assayer, 12 and 26 January 1951. terview -Tom iiendricks, mi11 owner, ?6 :ebruary 19SI. 1 iJeiss DATE 18 Itarch 1981 r-~ SignifiCance In 1898 the Pennsylvar.~a t4i11 was erected on the south slope. It measured 85'x150' and had a capacity of 250 stamps, potentially making it Boulder County's largest. The mill was to serve the Big Five Mines of Ward, but the mines never produced much ore of value and the mill eventually folded. Only the foundations can be viewed today. Gravel was mined in the streambed south of the dyke in 1915. Soon after,the Colorado Brick Company bought an area of the old basalt quarry and started a brick yard.The shales located here were used in the manufacturing process. The industry prospered and eventually moved across the road to the south in 1952. At the present time only a metal shed i~ left at the old site of the brick yard. In 1931, __the St.Joe Mining and Milling Company started a gold mill below Gold Hill in Left Hand Canyon. This enterprise was moved to the south side of the butte in 1936. It continued to process gold and silver till 1940 when it was purchased by General Chemical and switched to flourspar. Zn 1976 the mill was sold and once a~in processes gold and silver. In conclusion, the prominence of the butte on the eastern plains, along with its long association with Valmont and industry, lend to its credence as one of Boulder County's important historic districts. ~~ ~''Oni,?C:: L'SE I\ COKJUtiCTIOK wI?.°. Tii~ GREE?I I;NENTORY kECORD FOR`t rOR ~ FOn ~EC03JiVG i?ISTORIC STeZL'CTL~°S ~1'+D DISTRICTS. USL SEPAe'~1TELY FOR Z~~?.DISG ~T~liCT[:~5 tOC?.L'cD kli:il:: DISTRICT BOUNDARIES. tesource so. L7~i Z) Tecp No. .) Name Valmont Butte Historic District ~ddress ~'a2monc Drive, Boulder Cour6~yDistricc *tameValmont Butte Historic District 6) Ccndi[ion: Good X Fair _ Deteriorated _ Otiginal tise natural £eature B~ ?:esenc Use natural feature ' ~~.g_nal Site X"Soved _ DateCs~ of *Save: Gnalcerez _ Altered ~~cplaia:P2 ts or the topograDhv of the Butte have been 11~ Building Materials c:!on Date [~A 13~ nrchitect/Builder tectural Style{s Features/Surroundia¢s: '^'n -'nt - ' s mm~ocPd of a tarog~,~kP i.+hi rh ie east ar= the tailin; Pl ~c r cl 1 a~ r~i 1 n rl a r7 t~-; i. ._ ponds belonging to the mill. !egical °otencial: °es _ No _ Jnkno~an ~ Explain: Key the resource type (ie: house, bam, shed, school, chu:c:~,etc) Co the cu2tura'_ activity theme and sub-theme category assoc±ated v~ch it. ' „- ' ~ indus trial I natv_cl S@2tuY2 ~ -------------- I~:ineral reliQion cemetery burial grounds ARC~iTECT?'RaL!HI~TORICaL CO`1YU~E\T FORM I'.'~30n?~\Y: USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE Gc~EcN IWE*I:ORY RECORD FOR`f rOB FOP, ~EC.O.RJ' IVG HISTORIC STRL°CTiRES AND DISTRICTS. USc SE?AIZ4TLLY FOR RECOR7?VG ST~UCTL'~S LOCATLD WI:HI~ DISTRICT BOI7NDaRIES. *to. 2) Temp No. 3) Name ~almont Butte Historic District ,tddzesa Valmont Drive, Boulder Cour6qyDistricc vameValmont Butte Historic Dis trict I,yT~GRI'^!: 6) Condi[ion: Good X Fair _ Deteriorated _ inal L'se natural feature 8~ Presenc Use natural feature ' ir.al Site X*Soved DateCs~ of Move: " cered _ altered ~ L-r~lain:Parts of the topoera~hy of the Butte have been t 11Z Building Materials trvction Da[e IdA I3~ r.rchitect/Builder NA ectural S[yle (s) Features/Surroundings: ThP huC i s cmm~osPr~ nf a 1 arga dvkP whi rh : east are the tailin. logical Potential: Yes P1 ~nt r,~c ~.icl l ~e ~ rni l rn~li en~+L 2AGl b`"' CjC "z~Gj ponds belonging to the mi11. No _ Unknovn _y-~ Fxplain: :ViTIES: Key the resource type (ie: house, bam, shed, school, church,etc) to the cultural ac[ivicy cheme and sub-theme cat_gory associaced wich it. n~tural feature I industrial reli -------------- I mineral ~ ----------- I Ce . _ s ~ bu (At:ach Yhotographs) F:a~e Number 16,18,1° Ro?1 Nuaces BL2~ Facade Orien:a;ionE,t1.SE Assess vhether or not tne resource has any'historical or architectu:al merlt bq checkiag appropriate eategories and iust_'fyinz belov. Inciude any relevanc histor-cal data. iteccural Signiiicance: ZI) Aiscorical Significance: ~senss vork of a master _ Associaced vith signi~icar.c pe:sons ~sses high artistic values Assoc?a[ed cri:h si6ni°icant evencs or esenGS a type,' period, ar patterns ~d of constzuction Concributes to the significance af an ~ historic district The Valmont Butte tlistoric District is a unique natural feature o~ er County. The prominent point, Valmont Dyke, is an igneous intrusion spLr'tted up through the surrounding sedimentary rock. This east west of basalt has weathered the elements, while the surroundin~ shales eroded away, revealing the intrusion. By the 1860's a farning settlement had taken roo*_ on the north side e butte. The comnunity, Valmont, prospered and seemed destined to ake Boulder as the cour.ty's most important town. The population here arger and in addition it was the farthest westward point of the oad during this era.On the southern side of the butte two cemeteries established. The earliest, simply known as the burial grounds,contains 11 nunber of graves, with only a few stones dating from the 1860's. e i~~ediate north is Valmont Cemetery, which was offically deeded in The eariiest burial here is 1865. BY the 1870's besalt frc~n the igneous intrusion was being quarried the west end of the dyke. It caas brought riown fro~ the butte by o£ a tramway, cut~and shipped to Denver. Later this same stone w~s ed £or the railroad beds in the mountains.{continued) ~Y Associated Cultural Grosp:_ rTA -- en,For_zs" The Switzerland Trai1 of America,Ft. Collins:Robir.son ,1962(78;. Cornelia F.,Grass to Glac Grant Publishing Company,l? P,Michael P.. et al(editorsi rado Universitv Depa_-tment rview -AL ilcGowen,assayer, lianuel ideiss iew -Tom Hend-~cks, An Ecolo~v of Boulder County,Boulder: Valmont Dike Natural Study Area,Boulder: o~eography,1970. 12 and 2S January 1981 DAT~ 18 March I981 _ owner,26 February 1981 ~ a. Iw_°ORTa.AT: USE IN CONJLICTION WIZ:i THE GRE°_V INV~VTUKY lC:~utcti tvcu~i rva~ F03 RECO?iDI:JG HISTORZC STRliCNRES A.*ID DISTeZICTS. USE SEPARATcLY FOR R=COR7ING STRUC.URES LOCATED wITHIV DISTRZCT BOUNDARI'n5, p;o. j L~~Co 2) Temp ~o. 3) ~ame Valmont Cemetery ress ~al~ont DriwBoulder CountV 52 Districc Name Valmont Butte Historic District : 6) Condition: Good X Fair _ Deteriorated _ Lr~ cemetery 8j Presens Use cemetery inal S~te X Moved _ Date ~sZ of Move: cered _ Alcered :{ ~cpiain: Boundaries enlarQed to north side,• in earlv 11) Building Ma[erials tion Dace 1865- 13~ ~rchitect/BuildezNA tect~ral Style (s Features/Surroundings:v 1m~nY Cenetar~ iG lor^ ad tn tha a rn,rh sir~a nf ical Potential: Yes _ No ~_ Unknown _ Explain Key the resource type (ie: house, barn, shed, school, church,ecc) to the eultural activity theme and sub-theme cacegory associated vith it. ~ 'fHElSE reli ion ~ I SUB-T'dE'~ ------------ ~p`-s cemeterv I ~ ~~ s (Attach Photogtaphs) Frame Nu~ber 1~~ Roll Vumbez BT.75 Facade Ozientat;on W gl~;IIFIC.4NCE: Assess vhether or no[ the resource has any his:orical or arc~i[ettural '~'~- aerit by cnecking appropriace cacegories and jus[ifvia¢ belov, Include any relevant historical data. ~chicec*_ural Significance: 21) Historical Significancz: Represents ~ork of a master _ Associated uith sigr.ificant persons possesses high artistic dalues _ Associated vith significant evencs or ReQresencs a type, period, or patterns method of constzvction ~ Contributes to the signiiicance of an histozic discrict ~~ d~ "Tombstones date back as, 1865 in Valnont, one of Boulder County's est cemeteries. Land for the cemetsry was deeded (for the sum of $1.00) the Board of Directors of School District No.4 by Cornelia *i.Allen in ~1873. In the deed i1rs. Allen states that "none shall~~be refused buryal ' on account of poverty, race, religious beliefs, color, moral carictar cj while living or any other pretence(sic) or cause." She also pulated, "Successors in office shall fence and improve said burying ~unds by voluntary contrabutions(sic) and in no case require money to paid for the privalage (sic) of burial." 1 "In the early 1900's Charles Cheney,First IJational Bank of Boulder, ;ded land to the north of the original cemetery to the school district, enlarge the boundaries. In 1964 the Directors of S~hoo1 District No.4 ;ded the c~n~tery to the Boulder Historical Society. :4rs. Bruce Lindeke ~nted three new trees there, and carried water to them the first suruner, 'Y'Y other day, to assure their growth. Three evergreens mark the western ~dary,~ large new headstone has been erected in recent years to replace ~broken white marble of a I1r. Hi1I.Other family plots hav bee planted ~ Iris that usual1•~ p~1Qon near :femorial Day." 2 Ccon~inue~j ~~'~Y ~lssociated Cult~lral Group: NA ,Seletha, "Valmont Cemetery," Inventory Data Form,1973 - Carcl Strick~~r,Val:~o^.~ resident, S Janua.ry 1981 1 i~eiss DATE 18 riarch 1981 ~ SignifiCance (Valmont Cemetery) Valmont cemetery should not only be noted as a resting place for ~any of Boulder County's early pioneers, but also as one of the few Sites which reflect the now forgotten prosperous town of Valmont. t. ~ ~ Attachment E Archaeolog~callnveshgahons Valmont Butte Mill Srte SBL44, Boulder County Archaeological Investigations at Valmont Butte A4i11, Site SBL44 Introduction On January 15, 2004, RMC Consultants, Inc. (RMC) was requested by Mr. Doug Newcomb, City of Boulder Open Space and Open Parks, to conduct archaeological investi~ations at site SBL44 (Note: This site was previously recorded as site SBL796 in 1981 and 2001. The original site number was reassiened by Ms. Meg Van Ness [2004]. The investigations were conducted in cooperation with Mr. Gary Brown, Native American consultant for the City of Boulder. The work involved recording of numerous artifacts that were recently found associated with rock features that had been recorded in 2001 as Feature 12 of the site. This current report is an addendum to the 2001 report. In June 2001, RMC Consultan[s, Inc. conducted a literature and records search and formally recorded site SBL796 (SBL44), the Valmont Butte Mill (Mead and Bunyak 2001; Hoefer and Bunyak 2001). During the recording of the mill, a number of rock concentrations were observed on the north-facing slope just south of the mill tailings ponds. At that time, the concentrations were mapped, photographed and described. According to the report "No associated artifacts or charcoal are present at any of the eight concentrations, which span an area of 110 by 40 meters...their exact function is not known and testing of one or more of the features mi~ht help to determine function." RMC management recommendations included protection of the concentrations from future disturbance. 2004 Field Investigations Personnel included Marilyn Martorano, Principal Investigator, with consultation by RMC archaeologists Sean Larmore, Joel Tyberg and Kevin Gilmore. The fieldwork was conducted on January 16, 2004. RMC archaeologists met Mr. Gary Brown at the site. Mr. Brown showed the archaeologists the artifacts that are located on and around the five rock features. With the assistance of Mr. Brown, RMC numbered the rock features, and recorded the precise locations of each concentration with a Trimble Geo-Explorer rover unit using UTM coordinates based on the 1927 North American Datum. The GPS data was differentially corrected and layered onto a USGS 7.5' map, and a feature map was produced (see attached). The artifacts were documented using RMC field forms (see attachments). For each of the features that exhibited artifacts, an approximate 50% sample of the flakes was recorded in detail. The following artifacts were recorded on and in the vicinity of rock feature concentrations 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10: 1 gray cheR comer-notched point base fragment (Concentration 3) 1 light tan orthoquartzite scraper (Concentration 3) 1 tan-yellow orthoquartzite hafted biface midsection (Concentration 3) 2 shel(s, probably snail (in the vicinity of Concentrations 1 and 9) t RMC Consultants. Inc. Scienhsts and Engineers, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 z c~ Arc haeo loe~cal I m es n ga h ons Valmont Butte Mill S~te SBL44, Boulder County 1 permineralized bone fragment (unknown species), (in the vicinity of Concentrations 1 and 9) 1 calcite crystal (Concentration 2) Approximately I50+ flakes of a wide variety of toolstone types including chert, quartzite, and petrifiel wood (Concentrations 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10: see attached forms) Thirteen rock concentrations were recorded and mapped (see attached map). The rocks composing each feature included granite, rhyolite and quartzite cobbles. These rocks varied in length from approximately 5-30 cm. and included both rounded and sub-angular forms. The shapes of the features range from circular to oblong to amorphous. Some of the rock concentrations are slightly mounded and others are not. The concentrations are described below and photographs are included in the attachments. Concentration 1 Size: approximately 4 ft. I3-S x 5 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 50 rocks, ca. 7-28 cm. maximum length (more are the larger size than smaller); feature is basically oblong in shape but eroding downslope ro the north; associated with artifacts (see attached forms). Concentration 2 Size: approximately 7 ft. N-S x 5 ft. E-W Descrip[ion: Approximately 75 rocks, ca. 10-23 cm. maximum lengih; feature is basically oblong in shape; associated with artifacts (see attached forms). Concentration 3 Size: approximately 6 ft. N-S x 6 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 150+ rocks. ca. 5-18 cm. maximum length; feature is basically circular in shape and slightly mounded; associated with artifacts (see attached forms). Concentration 4 Size: approximately 7 ft. N-S x 7 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 250+ rocks, ca. 7-20 cm. maximum length; consists oFa Iwo, adjacent, oblong-shaped, mounded features; eroding downslope to the north but basically intact; no associated aRifacts. Concentration 5 Size: approximately 6 ft. N-S x 6 R. E-W Descriation: Approximately 100 rocks, ca. 6-16 cm. maximum length; feature is basically ciccular in shape and slightly mounded; no associated artifacts. Concentration 6/7 Size: approximately 6 P"-S x 7 ft. E-W Description: Approxim. y 150+ rocks, ca. 6-20 cm. maximum length; feature is circular in shape with a slightly ~_pressed, void of rocks (90 cm. across) in the center; exterior ring of rocks is approximately AO cm. wide; no associated artifacts. 2 RMC ConsuUants, Inc. Scientists and Engmeers, Lakewood, Colorado 50228 29 Archaeologicalinvesriga[ions b'almont Butte Mill Srte SBL4J, Boulder County Concentration 8 Size: approximately 8 R. N-S x 5 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 100+ rocks, ca. 8-25 cm. maximum length; feature is basically circular in shape and mounded; no associated artifacts. Concen[ration 9 Size: approximately 5 ft. N-S x 3 ft. E-W Descri~on: Approximately 100 rocks, ca. 8-16 cm. maximum length; feature is amorphous and highly eroded downslope to the north; associated with aRifacts (see attached forms). Concentration 10 Size: approximately 6 ft. N-S x 5 ft. E-W Descrintion: Approximately 75+ rocks, ca. 7-30cm. maximum length; feature is basically circular :n shape but eroding downslope to the north; associated with aRifacts (see attached forms). . Concentration 11 Size: approximately 7 ft. N-S x 5 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 75 rocks, ca. 5-30 cm. maximum length; feature is amorphous; rocks are scattered, upper end is being covered by deposits eroding from upslope to the south; no associated ar[ifacts. Concentration 12 Size: approximately 4 ft. N-S x 4 ft. E-W Descriotion: Approximately 100 rocks, ca. 6-18 cm. maximum length (more are the larger size than smaller); feature is amorphous; eroding downslope to the north; no associated artifacts. Concentration 13 Size: approximately 3 ft. N-S x 4 ft. E-W Description: Approximately 30 rocks, ca. 7-30 cm. maximum length (more are the larger size than smaller); rocks more concentrated and exhibit more lichen development than the other features; similar to a collapsed caim; no associated artifacts. 3 RMC Consultants, [na Sc~enhsts and Engineers, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 ~jo Archaeoloeical I nveshgations Valmont Butte Mill Srte SBL4~. Boulder Counry Summar}~/Recommendatioqs A revisit to Feature 12 of site SBL44 on January 16, 2004 by RMC Consultants, Inc. and Mr. Gary Brown resulted in the discovery and recording of rmmerous artifacts on and around rock features that had been previously recorded in 2001. There is a slioht chance that the artifacts eroded out of subsurface deposits after the initial recordin„ but it is unlikely since not even a single artifaci was visible during the initial recording and many of the artifacts are now located on the top of the features. In addition, several of the toolstone material types are not normally found in the area (they appear similar to types from Wyoming and possibly ihe Dakotas). Based on all of this evidence, it appears likely that the artifacts were placed on the site sometime between June 2001 and December 2003. A discussion with Mr. Peter Gleichman, archaeologist working for ERO Resources, indicates that the artifacts were there in December 2003 when he visited the site (Gleichman 2004). He collected a prehistoric sherd from the area at that time, but RMC archaeologists have not seen or analyzed this item. Mr. Gieichman also stated that he thought the artifacts may have been placed at the site recently. It is possible that the rock features may be prehistoric, historic or recent. They could represent collapsed caims, burials or other unknown feature types. Regardless of whether or not the aRifacts are temporally or functionally associated with the rock features, it is recommended that the area be avoided and protected because the siQnificance of the features has no[ vet been determined. References Cited Gleichman, Pete 2004 Personal communication (phone call) on January 26, 2004, regarding the archaeology at Valmont Butte. Hoefer III, Ted and Dawn Bunyak 2001 Historic Overview ojthe Valmont Mifl, Boulder County, Colorado. Prepared for the City of Boulder Fire Department, Boulder, Colorado. Mead, Earl S. and Dawn Bunyak 2001 A Cuftural Resource Inventorv of the Valmont Mill, .iB1796, and Associated Properties, Boulder Counry, Colorado. City of Boulder, Fire, Open Space & Public Works Departments, Boulder, Colorado. Van Ness, Meg 2004 Personal communication (phone cail) on February 24, 2004 conceming site numbers SBL44, SBL796, and the rock features and artifacts. RMC Consultants, lna Scientists and Engmeers, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 4 31 Arc haeo logical Investi ¢a hons Valmont Butte Mill Sue SBL44, Boulder County ATTACHMENTS Artifact descriptions Map showing feature locations Photographs 5 RMC Consultants, Inc. Sc~enhsts and Engineers, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 Z,Z Attachment F NATIVE CULTURAL SERVICES A SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF VALMONT BUTTE, SBL44 BOULDER COUNTY, COLORADO By Peter J. Gleichman Prepared For: ERO Resources 1842 Clarkson Denver, Colorado Prepared By: Native Cultural Services P.O. Box 357 Ward, Colorado 80481 February 2004 ~~ This summary of the archaeology and history of the Valmont Butte was prepared at the request of ERO Resources, on behalf of the City of Boulder. The City of Boulder Open Space, Fire, and Public Works Departments acquired 103 acres of land including much of the Valmont Butte and an associated area south of the butte. The pazcel comprising the study area is in the S1/2 of the SE'/< of Section 22, T1N, R70W of the 6`h PM, and extends into the SW '/e of Section 23. It is bounded on the north by Valmont Drive, and extends south to the southem section lines of Sections 22 and 23, abutting the Public Service Co. propeRy. The parcel excludes the Valmont Pioneer Cemetery, but surrounds it on the east, west, and north. Valmont Butte is an igneous dike formed of a nearly vertical sheet of basalt some 60 ft wide and three miles long (Runnells 1976). The main poRion of the dike is a prominent uplift some 200 ft above the Plains, with the basalt core surrounded by Pierre Shale. This portion of the dike is known as Valmont Butte. The butte is an integral feature to the community of Valmont, and has a long association with cultural developments in the area. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS Several investigations of the archaeology and history of Valmont Butte have been conducted. In 1959 Wilfred Husted, an archaeologist with the University of Colorado, inspected the butte and collected a few chipped and ground stone artifacts. The aRifacts are curated at the University of Colorado Museum. A standard CU Museum Archaeological Survey card was filled out by Husted. Valmont Butte was given state site number SBL44, following the Smithsonian Trinomial System. Prior to Husted's recordation, one "rubbing stone" from Valmont Butte had been given to the CU Museum by R.D. George in 1914 (catalog #233). In 1981, as part of a Boulder County Historic Survey, Manuel Weiss recorded the Valmont Butte Historic District. He included the butte, both as a natural feature and because it had been quarried for stone, the Valmont Mill, and the Valmont Pioneer Cemetery in the district, and filled out state site forms for these entities (Weiss 1981) Weiss stated that the foundation remnants from the Pennsylvania Mill, built in 1898, are present in the butte area, but this is incorrect. The Pennsylvania Mill was south of the study area. Apparently unaware that the butte had already been designated SBL44, he used site number SBL796 for the district. The boundaries for the district, as defined by Weiss, extend from Valmont Drive on the north, to south of the Valmont Pioneer Cemetery onto Public Service Company land on the south; and from Butte Mill Road on the west to the east section line of Section 23, T1N, R70W. The boundary was extended south of the Valmont Cemetery to include an informal cemetery with a few graves which predates the 1873 Valmont Cemetery. The boundary was extended east, again onto Public Service ~ 1 Company land, and well past the Valmont Mill tailings ponds, apparently to include the portions of the dike visible in the SE Ya of Section 23. Another archaeological survey of a podion of the study area took place in 1986. Michael Burney surveyed 30 acres in the,SW '/< of Section 23, consisting of the area east and south of the tailings ponds, up to the Public Service Co. land (Burney 1986). Burney was apparently unaware he was within SBL796 as defined by Weiss. He located and recorded one piece of farm machinery, a seed spreader, as an isolated find, and gave it number SBL1586. In 2001 the 103-acre parcel purchased by the City of Boulder was investigated by RMC Consultants. An initial historic overview was prepazed by RMC (at that time named Foothills Engineering Consultants, Inc). The overview ostensibly included a file search with the state Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP) which revealed the site forms for SBL796, but for some reason the fact that SBL44 and SBL1586 were documented for the study area was not mentioned in the overview. Passing mention was made of the earlier stone quarry at the butte. The entire parcel was designated as the Valmont Mill site, SBL796, and the history of the mill was detailed (Hoefer and Bunyak 2001). A cultural resource inventory of the parcel was conducted, and the mill buildings were recorded in detail (Mead and Bunyak 2001). 12 standing buildings (termed structures in the report) and 11 features, all associated with the Valmont Mill were documented. A possible prehistoric component was noted, called Feature 12, consisting of eight concentrations of cobbles. The Sioss railroad spur was recorded as SBL8918.1. The report by Mead and Bunyak (2001) evaluates the Valmont Mill as being eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), with the mill building (Structure 1) and the water supply building (Structure 10) retaining integrity. The cobble features were evaluated as needing further investigation to determine their significance, and the Sioss railroad spur was deemed ineligible for inclusion on the NRHP. Eligibility for local Landmarking was not dealt with. The 2001 inventory is a thorough and effective documentation of the Valmont Mill buildings. However, a comprehensive cultural inventory of the study area would document the fact that that the butte itself was a stone quarry in the 19`h and early 20`h centuries, and that the butte is an archaeological site where American Indian artifacts have been recovered. Historic accounts indicate the butte and sunounding area were used by the Arapaho both for camping and hunting. The 2001 inventory includes the Valmont Cemetery within the Valmont Mill site boundaries, but does not document the cemetery. The tailings ponds, now capped, were elements associated with the mill, and should be documented as such. At the time of the 2001 survey no artifacts associated with the rock features comprising the prehistoric component ("Feature 12"), were visible. Oddly, there are now chipped stone artifacts visible around some of the features. The 2001 inventory map showing the project location/surveyed area and the boundaries of the Valmont Mill shows the boundaries as defined by Weiss (1981). The map 75 indicates the survey area and Mill extends into the SE'/e of Section 23, onto Public Service Co. property. The boundary of the Valmont Mill component does not extend east of the tailings ponds in the SW '/e of Section 23. CULTURAL PROPERTY DEFINITION The vazious imestigations over the last 45 years have unfortunately resulted in duplicate site numbers referring to cultural elements at Valmont Butte; and confusion and problems with site and component definition and boundary delineation. To resolve these issues, a meeting was held with the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Colorado Historical Society. It was decided to designate the study area as one cultural property, and keep the site number first assigned to the butte - SBL44. Resource numbers SBL796 and SBL1586 are retired, no longer used. Weiss's (1981) designation ofthe area as a historic district is not valid. Site SBLA4, the Valmont Butte Site, is a multiple-component site encompassing the butte and the Valmont Mill, including the tailings ponds. As currently defined, Valmont Drive is the northern boundary and the site extends south to the southern section lines of Sections 22 and 23. The Valmont Pioneer Cemetery, which is north of the southern boundary, is excluded from SBLA4, and given its own site number, SBL9119. The westem boundary is Butte Mill Road, and the eastern boundary is the east end of the SW '/a of Section 23, i.e., the center of Section 23. Site SBL44 includes the parcel owned by the City of Boulder, but also includes the west end of the butte, outside of the city parcel. It excludes the SW '/e of Section 23, owned by the Public Service Co. The Native American components of SBL44 are the artifact scatter recorded and collected in 1959; and "Feature 12" from the 2001 survey (Mead and Bunyak 2001), the rock concentrations and aRifacts. The Euro-American components of SBL44 are the 19`n century basalt quarry, the Valmont Mill buildings and associated elements, and the quarrying of clay and soil by the Colorado Brick Co. The seed spreader recorded as SBL1586 is no longer present in the study area. HUMAN USE AND OCCUPATION OF VALMONT BUTTE NATIVE AMERICAN USE Evidence for Native American use of the study area comes from direct archaeological material from two spatially separate components as well as from historic accounts from pioneers. Artifacts from the 1959 collection from SBI,44, curated at the CU Museum, are three manos, 16 flakes and 1 bone. The manos are granitic cobbles, and two have unifacial grinding while one is bifacial. The bifacial mano and one of the unifacial manos are ~~ fragmented and oxidized, having been subjected to fire. The bone fragment, 238 cm long, is not identifiable to species or even size of animal. The flakes are generally about 2 cros long, but range from 1.77 cm to 5.56 cm in length. Three of the flakes are quadz. Material of the other 13 flakes includes 4 of chert, 4 petrified wood, 1 shale, 2 jasper, and 2 quartzite of which one is Coal Creek quartzite. All material appears to be from sources available along the Front Range corridor. Of the 13 flakes that can be described to level of reduction, Five are secondary or exhibit some remaining cortex, and eight are tertiary or interior flakes. The artifacts represent tools for the processing of resources and the final stages of lithic reduction for stone tool manufacture. They are typical of artifacts from a"camp" or habitation site. Material from the other component (Feature 12) consists of several rock/cobble features, some with associated artifacts. This component has been recently mapped and documented by RMC Consultants. The rock features are small piles or concentrations and are enigmatic as to function. Associated artifacts include numerous flakes, generally small interior flakes. At least one ceramic shard was noted, a plain ware without cord- marks, which may be from the base of a vessel. The potsherd indicates the use of the area during the Ceramic period, which dates from about A.D. 1 to 1550. During the recent recordation, a fragmentary corner-notched projectile point base was noted (Martorano p.c.), which probably also dates to this general time period. It should be noted however, that no artifacts were visible when the Features were observed in 2001 (Mead and Bunyak 2001, Martorano p.c.). The artifacts may have only recently been exposed by erosion, but the location of some of the artifacts seems inconsistent with erosional exposure.. This raises questions regarding the veracity of the artifactual association with the features. Nonetheless, the rock features are ancient and are a legitimate archaeological component. In addition, several local families, particularly families whose ancestors were pioneer settlers of the Valmont area, have found or collected Native American artifacts from the study area. These artifacts have not yet been documented or studied, they are nonetheless direct evidence of Native American usc. When pioneers arrived in the Boulder Valley in 1858, it was the winter camp of the Arapaho. The land belonged to the Arapaho and Cheyenne by treaty. Pioneer accounts clearly indicate the Arapaho camped at times around Valmont Butte and near Valmont Lake (AKA Leggett Reservoir, Owens Lake, Pancost Lake) (e.g., Dyni 1989:3). The area near Valmont Butte was the site of a communal antelope hunt by some 400 Arapaho in 1860 (Bixby 1880380). There are informal accounts from pioneer Valmont families and local historians of Native American graves around Valmont Butte. An example of such an account is found in the "History and Land Use" chapter of the "Valmont Dike Natural Area Study" (Tripp et al, editors, 1970). Hwang and Heaslet (1970) mention an account that "describes a burial ground with 15 to 20 mounds which was located south of the dike" and reference Larkin and Mitikv (1968). The reference is to an unpublished graduate student paper on the Z7~ Valmont Dike and adjacent area. Larkin, now a Professor of Geography at the University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, attributes the account to historian Forest Crossen (Larkin p.c.). Several other accounts of Indian burials and activity in the study area are known, and some American Indians are currently asserting that there are burials in the study area. Human skeletal material has not been recovered or documented from the study area. It is possible that the rock features comprising Feature 12 are the "mounds" of Forest Crossen's account. Whether they are associated with burials is unknown but not impossible. The presence of archaeological deposits in two areas may be an indication that cultwal material was formedy present throughout the study area, and has been obliterated in the central area of the mill and tailings ponds. The archaeological material, and the local collections and historical accounts demonstrate that Valmont Butte was a significant locale of Native American use. EURO-AMERICAN USE The presence of Valmont Butte and the confluence of South Boulder and Boulder Creeks formed an attractive area for pioneer settlers. The town of Valmont was platted in 1865, but had been settled earlier, with the first building, the Tommy Jones Stage Stop, constructed in 1860 (Dyni 1989). The railroads arrived in Valmont in 1873, and by the 1870s Valmont Butte was being quarried for stone. The igneous basalt spine of the butte was quarried, and the hard stone sent to Denver. Stone was quarried from the west end of the butte, but a large cut is also visible near the middle of the highest portion of the butte. A tower was constructed at the top of the butte, and a tram or cable conveyance moved the stone to a processing tower at the base of the butte, on the north side. It was then loaded into freight cars on the railroad (Schoolland 1980:231). Acwrding to Holmes (1959), "28 feet of stone was removed from the butte, most of which went for the paving of Blake Street in Denver". Schoolland (1967:200) quotes Martin Parsons as saying the stone was used to pave between the rails of the Denver street car system. How long the stone quarry operated is currently unclear, but it is known that it operated at least until 1903. Emma Gould had bought the Tommy Jones Stage Stop and Hotel in 1900, and put up 20 stonecutters from the quarry for the next three years (Dyni 198929, Schoolland 1980:141). Around 1915 the Colorado Brick Company constructed a brickyard at the base of the west end of the butte. Beehive kilns were used to fire the brick, with coal for fuel. Clay from the butte was used for the brick, but it wasn't the best material so clay was hauled in. In 1940 the kilns were conveRed to gas. In 1970 a tunnel kiln was constructed to the south, on the Donnelly homestead land. In 1980 the Colorado Brick Co. announced it 38 would sell 400,000 cubic yards of soil from the butte to the Varra Construction Co. to be used as road base for the Foothills Parkway (Daily Camera 6-6-1981). The areas where soil was quanied are visible on the west end and north side of the butte. The Valmont Mill was constructed in 1935 by the St. Joe Mining Company. Called the Boulder Sampling Works, it was designed as a gold and silver concentrating plant. In 1938 it was reconfigured to concentrate fluorspar and renamed the Crystal Fluorspar Company. It operated as a fluorspar flotation mill until 1971, when it was reconfigured as a gold processing mill, and operated as such until 1991. Mead and Bunyak (2001) have detailed the history of the Valmont Mill , the flotation process and flotation mills, and documented the buildings and features associated with the Valmont Mill. The Valmont Pioneer Cemetery, SBL9119, is not part of the study area but is surrounded on three sides by the study area. The land was deeded for the cemetery in 1873, but some graves predate that. MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS The entire study area, i.e., the parcel owned by the City of Boulder, is encompassed by one cultural property. The Valmont Butte Site, SBL44, is a multiple-component site with substantial Native American (ancient historic) and Euro-American (recent historic) components. The Native American components are archaeological material from two areas.. The extent and depth of the deposits are currently unknown. The rock features comprising the Feature 12 component have recently been mapped and the artifacts recorded, but the function of the features is unknown. It is recommended that they not be disturbed by development. If all previously undisturbed land in the study area remains undisturbed, that will insure that any previously undisturbed cultural deposits, including any possible human interments, will also remain undisturbed. It seems impossible that archaeological material would still exist in the area disturbed by the tailings ponds, and unlikely that it would still be present in the area disturbed by the mill. The issue of SBL44 being a"sacred site" is complex. The butte may well have been used for religious/spiritual ceremonies in the past. Certain Lakota pipe carriers, for example, unequivocally considered every butte or topographical prominence on the plains to be special (Catches p.c.). They were a good place to pray, and thus holy or "sacred". Some buttes were certainly more sacred then others. It can be assumed that Valmont Butte was considered sacred by some Native Americans at some time. Whether it is still a sacred site to a tribal group is currently undetermined. Some American Indians clearly wnsider the power of the butte to be such that the historic use is negligible to its special or sacred status, exemplified by the fact that ceremonies are 2J 1 currently conducted there. Other Native Americans may consider the subsequent historic use such as quarrying the butte stone or the presence of the mill to have desecrated the site, making it no longer special. One perspective is that if the butte is still considered sacred, preserving it as Open Space should also preserve its sacredness, and future development adjacent to the butte would not be an adverse affect, since past development was not an adverse affect. Another perspective is that the entire study area is interconnected, and not only the main portion of the butte is sacred, but the entire uplifted area around the butte. Despite the extensive historic disturbance, the area is still special. The belief that graves are or were present adds to the sacred status and ties the area together. Any additional disturbance through development would be a negative effect on the totality or wholeness of the sacred status of the area. Consultation with tribal governments and specific spiritual leaders should be conducted to ascertain the position of the tribes and spiritual communities regarding sacred status, both of the butte and of the study area, and what the effect of future development will be on that status. The Euro-American components consist of the stone quarry, the Valmont Mill, and the brickyard soil quarry. The Mill itselFhas been recommended as being eligible to the National Register. Current plans are to preserve the butte as Open space, and preserve the Mill. When this is done then the significant Euro-American components will not be directly impacted by the proposed developments, and the developments would not have an adverse affect The Valmont Pioneer Cemetery, SBL9119, is not within the study azea, but is adjacent to the study area on the north, east, and west. Local historians have stated that the cemetery is not entirely enclosed by the fence. Some unmarked graves may be outside the fence on the north and east, thus in the study area. These unmarked graves are from fatalities from the 1918 influenza epidemic (Teegarden p.c.). A buffer around the cemetery should be delineated, with no disturbance in the buffer. An alternative would be to attempt to locate the unmarked graves with remote sensing, i.e., ground penetrating radar. Indirect impacts to the Valmont Pioneer Cemetery may occur from the proposed development. The viewshed from the cemetery may be altered, and this may be an adverse impact to the integrity of feeling, setting, and association of the cemetery. These aspects of integrity have been previously impacted by the presence of the mill and other industries, it will nonetheless be an issue for the local Valmont communiry. Impacts to the viewshed from the cemetery may be mitigated in part through vegetation planting or fencing. Valmont Butte (Site SBL44) is eligible for local Landmarking, both for its archaeological values, and for its associational values. The archaeological components have the ability to produce information important to our understanding of ancient history. The quarry ``' ~ components are associated with the development of Valmont, and the mill and quarries are associated with the history of mining and extractive industries in Boulder County. The butte is also significant for its spiritual values. This aspect of significance is extremely difficult to characterize, and as such it is very important to investigate further. Bixby, Amos 1880 History of Boulder County. History of Clear Creek and Boulder Valleys, Colorado. O.L. Baskin & Co., Chicago. Burney, Michael S 1986 An Archaeological and Historical Survey of a Portion of Valmont Butte Northeast of Boulder, Boulder County CO. Burney and Associates, Boulder. Catches, Violet 1995 Personal Communication. Daily Camera, July 6, 1981 Dyni, Anne 1989 Pioneer Voices of the Boulder Valley, An Oral History. Boulder County Parks and Open Space Department. Holmes, Lucy 1959 Early Days of Valmont Recalled by Mrs. Lucy Holmes Who Has Lived in the Area for 75 Years. Daily Camera, Apri124, 1959. Hoefer, Ted III, and Dawn Bunyak 2001 Historic Overview of the Valmont Mill, Boulder County, CO Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc., Golden. Hwang, Manik, and Gary A. Heaslet 1970 History and Land Use. Chapter 3 in Valmont Dike Natural Area Study, Tripp Et al, editors. Larkin, Robert P. 2004 Personal Communication. Larkin, Robert P., and Befakaou Mitikv 1968 Resource analysis of the Valmont Dike and Adjacent Area. Unpublished student paper, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder. I~ Martorano, Marilyn 2004 Personal Communication. Mead, Earl S., and Dawn Bunyak 2001 A Cultural Resource Inventory of the Valmont Mill, SBL796, and Associated Properties, Boulder County, Colorado. RMC Consultants, Inc., Lakewood. Runnells, Donald D. 1976 Boulder - A Sight to Behold. Estey Printing Co., Boulder Schoolland,John B. 1967 Boulder Then and Now. Pruett Press, Boulder. 1980 Boulder in Perspective - From search for Gold to the Go/d of Research. Johnson Publishing Co., Boulder. Teegazden Dock 2003 Personal Communication. Tripp, Michael R, William G. Callahan, and Manik Hwang, eds. 1970 Valmont Dike Natural Area Study Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder. Weiss, Manuel M. 1981 The Boulder County Historical Site Survey. United States Department of Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Services and the Boulder County Historical Society. 4z Attachment G RESOLUTION NO. 02-OS A RESOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY BOARD June 29, 2005 On June 29, 2005, the Environmental Advisory Boazd (EAB) reviewed the Community and Environmental Assessment Process (CEAP) Report on the Valmont Butte Proposals. The EAB resolved that the Council should consider the following recommendations (or comments) in its review of the CEAP. ~~`' `"++, The EAB acknowledges importance of the Biosolids Recycling Genter (BRC) and the Fire Training Center (FTC) as public facilities that furthe~the city'3 sustainability goals . and enhance public safety regazdless of siting. Co~chision's" about sustainability assume that the project is financially viable and sustainable. As a general principle~of ~ sustainability and reducing energy use, the EAB believes that the city shoulcl~idress problems locally. ` + ,?°"' These recommendations aze not necessarily an endorsement of the CEAP but reflect questions and concems of the EAB. X~~, ~ From a purely natural resources perspecl "brownfield" site and sustainable in that i uses aze a good use of a However, the CEAP needs to provide ( alternative sites neazby the wastewater information be provided fot furthec,COc re guidance or information on the ~lant. EAB recommends more of possible segregation of uses and altemative futur~uses, or disposal of the prbperty. ,> .: -y~• ~ It would be helpful for'~oCEAP to explicitly address energy use and greenhouse gas emissions p~f all the alterila{iyes as part of obtaining the city's goal of reaching the Kyoto protocol. : ~;, ~a'. ~. ~; The CEAP should~more fully address the impacts of biosolids transport, taking into consideration organic fatmers concems, public health and natural resource impacts. f.r' The EAB would support the pipeline over the trucking option, if the pipeline is properly aligned and constructed to protect natural resources and organic farms to the maximum extent possible. The CEAP should provide a better sense of existing noise context at the site and include assessment of uses on areas of cultural importance on site, such as the cemetery and sweat lodge. The CEAP should take more explicit account of noise sources such as reverse waming devices. ~~ More detail is necessary in the CEAP regazding the ability of the city to control weeds on site, and coordination with Open Space and Xcel Energy. The CEAP should also mention what will happen to the Lee Hill property if the FTC is moved to the Valmont site. The CEAP does not provide a full sense of Native American/Tribal views regazding the Site's sacred status and importance. This information appeazs critical to a fully-informed decision by Council. The additional information about site altematives, environmenta~Y~ts, cultural effects and financial analysis would be necessary for an overall decisl'?j regazding the sustainability of the proposed projects. ;,+~ ' ~14~~ x, ~°s=: 44