04.28.16 MAP Summary 1
MARIJUANA ADVISORY PANEL
Thursday, April 28, 2016
Final Meeting Summary
Attendance:
Panelists: Jean Gonnell, Heath Harmon, Travis Howard, Alana Malone, Andrea Meneghel, Dave
Miller, Bill Rigler, Teri Robnett, Jane Theodore, and Andy Tucker
City Staff: Mishawn Cook, Kathy Haddock, Sandra Llanes, Bev Bookout, and Susan Richstone
Facilitation: Heather Bergman and Jon Denzler
Next Steps
City Staff with Kate
and Alana
Review code to identify any items that are duplicative with State
regulations or otherwise unnecessary and make a recommendation to
the Panel for removal
Travis, Heath, Jane,
and Andrea
Review and refine the list of discussion topics; bring back a list of
proposed priorities, including which topics need a specific response or
recommendation and which need a broader policy or process proposal.
Alana, Jane, Kate,
and Andy
Identify creative ideas or additions to City code or policy to maintain or
improve quality of life, safety of kids/youth, environmental, health
justice, etc.
Land Use Requirements/Planning for Boulder
Susan Richstone from Boulder’s Planning Department provided an overview of the different land
use regulation policies that address the marijuana regulations. Certain areas of Boulder have
different land use regulations based on the City’s long-term vision for that area. For example, near
the University of Colorado policies are in place to limit the number of non-related people living in
one house to maintain the lower-density residential feel in that area. In other places, the number of
owner’s accessory units (OAUs) and accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are capped for similar
reasons.
Boulder uses a modular zoning system, which means that the City regulates based on the use, form,
and intensity of a structure. Certain uses are regulated based on their location within the city and
based compatibility of uses and their impacts. For example, industrial production is restricted in
traditional neighborhoods and near the University. In terms of similar business categories to
marijuana businesses, alcohol is treated differently in residential zones and in commercial zones
both in terms of the size of a store and how close that store may be to a residential house or
building.
There are very few, if any, comparable industries that are regulated like marijuana growers and
distributors. Firstly, there are no caps placed on number of other types of stores, but instead the
City regulates their proximity to each other and to key community points, such as schools. This is
similar to other zoning characteristics, with licensing being limited based on land usage. Secondly,
there has been a concerted effort to limit the parallel usage of land space by marijuana industries.
Marijuana Zoning Regulations
Kathy Haddock from the City Attorney’s Office summarized the current zoning regulations that are
specific to marijuana businesses.
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• Medical marijuana wellness centers and recreational marijuana dispensaries are allowed in
zones where “Personal Services” are a use by right.
• Grows are allowed in zones where “greenhouse/nursery” or “manufacturing <15,000
square feet” are a use by right.
• MIPs and testing facilities are allowed in zones where “manufacturing <15,000 square feet”
are a use by right.
• All locations that had a license or had filed an application by October 22, 2013, are
grandfathered in at their current locations.
• Because of the above categories, a grow or MIP supplying product could not be at the same
address as sales location that sells the marijuana product.
Questions/Answers
What is the reasoning behind the additional limitations placed on marijuana businesses that are not
faced by other industries?
Marijuana businesses have potential community impacts (e.g., odor, safety, etc.) that can affect
other businesses, residences or neighborhoods. In addition, some of the regulations do apply to
other types of businesses (e.g., the alcohol industry also is regulated regarding distance from
schools.)
What is the economic impact of these restrictions?
Some businesses have left the city due to smell affecting quality of production and noise interfering
with daily activities.
Would these losses in business be addressed by loosening the regulations placed on marijuana
businesses?
This is less an issue of zoning but rather of community values and decision making. The zoning code
does not have that type of data available outside of enforcement. In addition, the current use of
zoning code by the City of Boulder has been to support certain industries or business types and to
keep diversity in the community. Due to lack of room to grow and build in the community, decisions
have been made to preserve community space.
What other industries have these same externalities? How does the City measure these things?
This is not an area in which the City collects data, but staff does hear anecdotal evidence after an
incident or business decides to move. In addition, businesses have the right to the use of their space
within the zoning codes, and therefore they are protected from these externalities through the code.
What other industries have intensity caps like those in the marijuana industry?
There isn’t a direct analog in the city’s code to the way that marijuana sales and production is
regulated.
If diversity is a goal of the City through its use of zoning to influence business location and production,
what is the tool used to measure this diversity?
There is no data available on this. Rather, it is a question of the desired goal of the City. Zoning
planning is reflective of that goal.
What other industries have similar restrictions in terms of location and building limitations?
As with other controlled substances, marijuana cannot be located within five hundred feet of a
residential area. A comparable regulation exists regarding accessory units placed on residential
neighborhoods. These are capped at 10% in a given area. Another example is food trucks--they
must be located within certain distances from brick and mortar restaurants, are restricted to
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certain zones, cannot be located adjacent to residential, and limited in terms of their proximity to
other trucks (density).
Why is marijuana regulated based on map distance as opposed to walking distance, which is the policy
for alcohol?
Alcohol regulations are set by the State. However, the method the State uses isn’t the most intuitive
way to measure distance. The methodology used in the Marijuana Regulations is consistent with the
way that the city uses to measure distances in other areas of the zoning code.
Is the goal to create an equal playing field for Boulder marijuana businesses?
Zoning makes no policy decision but instead implements and enforces legislative decisions.
Panel Comments and Perspectives
• Denver recently changed their code in response to community need; they set a cap on
density of stores where there previously was no cap.
• This conversation highlights the complexity of the zoning regulations and how difficult it is
for members of the panel to feel they have an adequate understanding to engage in an
informed discussion about changes to the City code. This is particularly challenging for
those outside the marijuana industry.
The Panel agreed to table further discussion of zoning, density, and other substantive topics to allow
time for a discussion about the broader purpose and approach of the Panel.
Purpose of the Panel
Several members of the Panel have raised questions about what its true purpose is and how it
should approach its work. One key question relates to whether the Panel should start with the City
Code and make revisions, or if they should start with the State regulations and revise them to make
them more appropriate for the Boulder context. The discussion transitioned into a larger
exploration of how the group should proceed with the remaining time available. Panel comments
on this topic are summarized below.
• Much like the zoning codes were beyond some members of the Panel in terms of technical
understanding, so too are the marijuana codes at the local and State level.
• In terms of representing the community voice, it may be helpful to broaden the
conversation beyond the codes and regulations to consider how all of this affects the
residents of Boulder.
• The goal of creating an equal playing field may not actually be the goal of the Panel. The
Panel is made up of a variety of voices, not just the industry, to ensure a broader perspective
and discussion.
• State entities have their own rules, which might be different from local ordinances. The
state law allows for local communities to adopt policies to meet their own needs and reflect
community values.
• The focus of the Panel should be on the process since the group may not be able to write
new code language for all of the remaining issues.
• A key reason for this Panel’s formation was the City’s interest in dealing with the many
concerns raised by the marijuana industry at Council meetings in a comprehensive fashion
rather than by piecemeal. For this reason, addressing industry’s concerns is important work
for the Panel to do.
• The marijuana industry is treated differently in the City than other industries. The Panel
should focus on the State code and revise that foundation to address Boulder needs. This
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would eliminate some of the extra regulations that Boulder places upon those businesses in
the status quo.
• Not all of the State code is applicable for Boulder. State code also includes policies on testing
and statewide sales. The Boulder marijuana code is 23 pages, whereas the State regulations
are more than 400 pages.
• The Panel should focus on the local enforcement of the marijuana code: time, place, and
manner.
• The Panel should focus on issues that are unique to the Boulder code, like advertising
restrictions.
• The Panel may not be set up for success to the framing of the conversation and the
complexity of the code.
• The Panel could request more time from Council to complete its work. In response to a
question from the facilitator, most members of the Panel indicated a willingness to continue to
work beyond the June 30th deadline if the group is making progress and achieving outcomes.
• The Panel should not recommend more discussions or panels to Council; they convened this
group to resolve these issues not to delegate them.
Next Steps
The group agreed to create three small task groups to explore several topics that emerged during
the meeting. The groups will self-organize and self-facilitate. They will report back to the full Panel
at the next meeting. Names in bold below indicate who will initiate and coordinate the task group
meetings.
• Discussion Priorities: Review and refine the list of discussion topics; bring back a list of
proposed priorities, including which topics need a specific response or recommendation
and which need a broader policy or process proposal. Heath, Travis, Andrea, and Jane.
• Items to Remove from Boulder Code: Propose items to be removed from Boulder City Code
because they are now redundant or otherwise unneeded. Mishawn, Kathy, and Kate. (Alana
originally volunteered but is no longer able to join this group.)
• Creative Ideas: Propose new, creative ideas for things Boulder could do to maintain or
enhance quality of life in Boulder, safety of kids/youth, environmental and health justice,
etc. Andy, Alana, Jane, and Kate
Future Meetings
In response to several questions raised about adjusting the future meeting schedule to
accommodate different interests and needs, the group agreed to the following revised meeting
schedule. Staff will begin looking for meeting venues immediately.
• May 12, 4 pm to 7 pm — 1777 West Conference Room, first floor of Municipal Building (NO
CHANGE)
• June 1, 9 am to 12 pm — TBD (NEW DATE, TIME, and LOCATION)
• June 9, 9 am 12 pm — TBD (NEW TIME, and LOCATION)
• June 30, 9 am to 12 pm — TBD (NEW DATE, TIME, and LOCATION)